Bayanan Tarihi na Tarihin Tarihi da Masanan Masarufi
Tarihin ilimin lissafi shine jarrabawar kyallen takalma daga jiki a karkashin wani microscope don ganin alamu da halaye na cutar. Tarihin binciken shine bincike akan kyallen takarda, kuma ilimin cututtuka shine binciken cutar.
Saboda haka haɗuwa da tarihin tarihi a ma'anarsa yana nufin binciken kwayar cutar kamar yadda ya shafi cutar. Wani rahoto na tarihi ya bayyana abin da aka aiko don jarrabawa da kuma siffofin abin da ciwon daji ke kama da su a karkashin microscope .
Wani rahoto kan tarihin tarihi ana kira wani rahoto ne na biopsy ko rahotanni na pathology.
Rahoton Tarihin Tarihi
Kwararren likita wanda yake yin jarrabawa a karkashin microscope an kira shi Pathologist. Nau'in da ake nazari ya fito ne daga tsarin biopsy ko aiki wanda aka samo samfurin wanda ake tuhuma da shi kuma ya aika zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje. Ana sarrafa shi kuma a yanka shi cikin sassan jiki mai launi (da ake kira sassan), anyi ta kuma an gwada shi a karkashin microscopes domin ya nuna cikakkun bayanai akan kwayoyin jikin. Ga wasu cututtuka, likitan likita zai iya samun samfurin naman da aka fassara sosai da sauri ta hanyar amfani da sassan ɓarnet. Ana amfani da sassan sanyi ko yanka a cikin lymphoma, duk da haka, saboda matsaloli a fassarar da samfurin. A cikin lymphomas, ƙwayoyin lymph su ne kayan da aka fi nazari a tarihi. Domin yawancin cututtuka na jini, za'a iya buƙatar ƙwayar maniyyi na kasusuwa don ganewar asali.
Mawallafi na rahoton
Tarihin ilimin lissafi game da samfurori na kanjamau suna samun karuwa. Suna iya hada da:
- Sakamakon siffar microscopic na nama
- Musamman stains
- Masanan kwayoyin halitta
- Sauran gwaje-gwaje
Masana ilimin kwayoyin halitta suna nufin ikon nazarin kwayoyin halitta da kyallen takalma a matakin kwayoyin, wanda yake a matakan sunadarai, masu karɓa , da kuma kwayoyin da ke ƙayyade waɗannan abubuwa.
Harshen rahoton
Da yawa daga cikin binciken daga wannan jarrabawar kyallen takalma an danganta su zuwa ga hangen nesa. Alamai na alaƙa na iya haɗa da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar tumɓir da yaduwa na yada, kuma yayinda an cire ciwon daji tare da wani ɓangaren kwayoyin lafiya dake kewaye da ita, ko kuma idan akwai shaida cewa ciwon daji ya yada fiye da abin da aka cire.
Tsarin gwaninta ya bambanta dangane da irin ciwon daji da aka yi masa, amma a kullum ana zubar da kwayoyin ta yadda za su kasance da mawuyacin su a ƙarƙashin microscope, tare da ciwon sukari na Grade 1 kasancewa na al'ada da kuma ciwon tumuttuka 4 wanda ke nuna yawan abubuwan da ba su da kyau. Tashin tumatir mai girma, to, shine ɗayan daya cikin wadanda kwayoyin suna da karin hauka. Girgirar ba iri daya ba ne. Tsarin yana da ƙarin yin aiki tare da inda aka samu ciwon daji a cikin jiki da kuma irin yadda ya yada.
Bayanan kwayoyin halitta da sauran samfurori na Samfur
Baya ga tarihin tarihi, wasu fasahohi za a iya amfani dasu don tantance ciwon ciwon daji a cikin kyallen takarda, ciki har da gwargwadon gwargwadon gwaninta na lafiya, kuma wasu daga cikin waɗannan fasahohi za a iya amfani da su a cikin sassan kiwon lafiya a duniya. Leuchemias da lymphomas suna bincikar su ta hanyar haɗuwa da su-yadda kwayoyin suke duba (kwayoyin halittu), alamomin su ko sunadaran farfadowa wanda za'a iya gano ta amfani da gwajin antibody (immunophenotype), su enzymes da zasu iya taimakawa wasu halayen sunadaran (cytochemistry) da kuma canjin su na chromosomal (karyotype).
Sau da yawa sau da yawa a cikin lymphomas da sauran cututtuka , ana amfani da wata fasaha da ake kira immunohistochemistry don taimakawa wajen tantance irin ƙwayar tumɓir, prognosis da magani. Immunohistochemistry ya shafi amfani da kwayoyin cuta don tsayawa ga takamaiman alamu ko alamomi a waje da kwayoyin cutar kanjamau.
Wadannan alamomi da cewa kwayoyin suna tsayawa da sau da yawa "CD" a cikin sunansu, wanda ke tsaye don rarrabuwa. Alal misali, CD23 da CD5 su ne alamun microscopic cewa, idan sun kasance a cikin kwayoyin cutar kanjamau, zasu iya tallafawa ra'ayin cewa cutar cutar sankarar lymphocytic na kullum (CLL) / ƙananan lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) mai yiwuwa ne ganewar asali. Wadannan alamu sun kasance a cikin wasu malignancies, duk da haka, likitoci sunyi amfani da wani tsari na kawarwa bisa ga bayanin da ake samuwa da kuma abin da aka sani game da mummunan yanayi da kuma alamar "alamu" na CD.
Wani misali na alamar CD shine CD20, wanda yake a cikin wasu lymphomas amma ba ya nan a wasu. Siffar lymphoma S cell largge, ko DLBCL, wani lymphoma ne wanda yake da alaka da alamar CD20.
Don samfurin cutar sankarar bargo ko kwayoyin lymphoma, ana iya gwada alamar ta amfani da dukkanin ɓangaren kwayoyin da ke da alaƙa da alamun daban-daban, tare da sarrafawa mai kyau da kuma mummunar, an gina shi.
Za a iya nazarin kwayoyin halitta da chromosomal don duba sauye-sauye da kuma canje-canje na musamman ga chromosomes. Wani lokaci ana sanya ko share jinsin suna da nasaba da bayanin game da hangen nesa. Alal misali, a cikin cutar cutar sankarar lymphocytic na kullum, ko CLL, wani ɓangaren chromosome ya ɓata, kuma sau da yawa rasa tare da shi ne wani nau'in taimakawa wajen magance ciwon daji. An cire kashi 17p a cikin kashi 3 zuwa 10 bisa dari na mutane tare da CLL, gaba ɗaya. Cikakken 17p CLL shine nau'i na CLL wanda ya fi wuya a bi da; mutanen da suke sharewa 17p CLL suna da wuya a bi da su tare da maganin rigakafi na al'ada.
Sources:
Ho C, Rodig SJ. Alamar Immunohistochemical a cikin lymphoid malignancies: Tsarin protein na gyaran kwayoyin. Seminars a cikin Harkokin Kimiyya . 2015. 32 (5): 381-91.
Bayanin Tarihin Labaran Tarihi: Sharuɗɗa don Ƙwayar Cutar Canji. By Derek C Allen. Masana Kimiyya da Kasuwanci, Jun 29, 2013.
> Taylor J, Xiao W da Abdel-Wahab O. Binciken ganewa da kuma jinsin halin rashin lafiya na jini bisa tushen jinsin halittu. Jinin jini . 2017 Jul 27; 130 (4): 410-423.