Canje-canje na Girma na iya Yarda Mata a mafi Girma na HIV
Rashin lafiyar kwayar cutar HIV ya fi girma daga maza da mata fiye da mata da maza saboda mummunar cutar da farji, cervix da (yiwuwar) mahaifa. Ba wai kawai akwai wuri mafi girman jiki ba a cikin sifa na haihuwa (FRT) idan aka kwatanta da azzakari, canje-canje a cikin ilmin halitta zai iya yin saukin ƙwayoyin mucosal wanda ke lalata FRT har ya fi kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta.
Duk da yake mucosal membranes na farji sun fi girma fiye da ɗita, tare da kimanin dozin da yawa da ke rufe nau'in yatsun daji na kayan aiki wanda ke samar da wani abu mai kariya daga kamuwa da cuta, HIV zai iya samun damar shiga jiki ta hanyar kwayoyin lafiya. Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙuƙwalwa, wanda yana da ƙananan mucosal membranes fiye da farji, an haɗa shi da kwayoyin T-CD4 + , wadanda kwayoyin da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta HIV.
Yawancin abubuwa na iya bunkasa yanayin mace zuwa cutar HIV, ciki har da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar (wanda zai iya canza yanayin ruwa mai bango) da kuma kwakwalwa na mahaifa (wanda aka sani da sunan "mahaifa" cervix).
Amma karin shaida ya nuna cewa canji na hormonal, ko dai ya faru ko haɓaka, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa damar mata don samun karuwar HIV.
Haƙuri da HIV Risk
Nazarin binciken da aka yi a 2015 daga masu bincike a Cibiyar Kwalejin Medicine ta Geisel na Jami'ar Dartmouth ta nuna cewa sauye-sauyen hormonal a yayin da ake amfani da shi na kwayar cutar HIV da sauran cututtukan da aka yi da jima'i (STIs) wani "taga na dama" don harba.
Ayyukan na rigakafi, duka biyu (na halitta) da kuma sabawa (samu bayan kamuwa da kamuwa da su), an san su sunada su ta hanyar hormones. A lokacin haila, halayen biyu suna nufin inganta yanayi na haɗuwa da kuma ciki-estradiol da kuma progesterone -directly shafi na cell epithelial, fibroblasts (kwayoyin da ke samuwa a cikin kyamarorin haɗin gwiwa), kuma suna kare kwayoyin da ke lalata FRT.
A yin haka, an mayar da martani akan gaggawa, kuma hadarin kamuwa da cutar HIV ya karu.
Idan an tabbatar, binciken zai iya taimakawa hanyar magance hanyoyin da za su iya inganta ayyukan maganin rigakafi da / ko tasirin jima'i (watau, gano lokuta mafi aminci don samun jima'i) a lokacin da ake kira "window of opportunity".
Menopause da kwayar cutar HIV
A wani bangare, wata nazari na 2015 daga Jami'ar Medical Pittsburgh ta bayar da shawarar cewa canje-canjen a cikin FRT zai iya taimakawa wajen kara yawan kwayar cutar HIV a cikin mata post-menopausal.
An san cewa aiki na rigakafin ƙananan ƙwayar mata ba da daɗewa ba ne a lokacin da kuma bayan mazaunawa, tare da ƙaddamar da kyallen takalma da kuma ƙananan haɓaka a cikin ƙananan mucosal. (Mucosa, wanda aka sani don dauke da nau'i na antimicrobials, yana goyan bayan secretions daga FTR mafi girma wanda ke samar da kariya daga ƙasa zuwa ga ƙananan fili.)
Masu bincike sun kame mata 165 mata-ciki har da mata masu auren mata; matan mata kafin mazaopausal ba a kan maganin hana daukar ciki ba; da mata a kan yarinyar-da kuma auna yanayin rashin lafiyar HIV ta hanyar kwatanta ƙwayoyin hanzarin da aka samu ta hanyar ban ruwa. Yin amfani da maganin gwaji na HIV, sun gano cewa matan auren mata da maza suna da sau uku ba tare da yin amfani da kwayar cutar "HIV" ba (11% vs 34%) fiye da ɗayan kungiyoyi biyu.
Yayinda ƙaddarar iyakance ta iyakance ne ta hanyar binciken da girman binciken, yana nuna cewa canjin hormonal a lokacin kuma bayan da mazaunawa zasu iya sanya mata tsofaffi a kara yawan ƙwayar cutar HIV. Saboda haka, ya kamata a sanya muhimmancin girmamawa game da ilimin jima'i na aminci ga matan tsofaffi, da kuma tabbatar da ganin an kawar da cutar HIV da sauran tashoshin STI ba tare da jinkiri ba.
Magunguna da ƙwayar cutar HIV
Shaida cewa cututtuka na hormonal na iya kara yawan cutar da kwayar cutar ta HIV ke ciki, ko dai ta hanyar magunguna ko magungunan haihuwa. Wani samfurin nazarin nazarin nazarin binciken 12-takwas da aka yi a cikin yawan jama'a da hudu daga cikin mata masu haɗari - sun nuna rashin daidaituwa, yawan karuwar cutar HIV a cikin mata ta yin amfani da inganci mai ma'ana, mai kwakwalwa mai lamba medroxyprogesterone acetate (DPMA, aka Depo -Provera ).
Ga mata a yawancin jama'a, an yi la'akari da haɗari a ƙarami.
Binciken, wanda ya haɗa da mambobin mata 25,000, bai nuna wani haɗin gwiwa tsakanin maganin ƙwaƙwalwa da maganin HIV ba.
Duk da yake an ɗauke da bayanan da bai dace ba don kawo karshen tasirin DPMA, masu bincike sun ba da shawarar cewa mata ta yin amfani da kwayar cutar ta HIV kawai za a sanar da su game da rashin tabbas game da DPMA da HIV, sannan kuma a karfafa su don amfani da kwaroron roba da kuma gano wasu hanyoyin da za a hana su. Yaduwar kwayar cutar HIV (PrEP ).
Sources:
> Chappell, C .; Isaac, C. Xu, W. et al. "Hanyoyin Menopause akan Ayyukan Antivirar Aiki na Cervicovaginal Lavage." Jaridar American Journal of Obstetrics da Gynecology. Maris 20, 2015; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2015.03.045.
Ralph, L ;; McCoy, S .; Shiu, K ;; et al. "Amfani da ƙwaƙwalwa na asali da kuma ƙalubalen mata na kamuwa da cutar HIV: Taswirar Meta na Nazarin Nazarin." Lancet cututtuka na cututtuka. Janairu 8, 2015; 15 (2): 181-189.
Wira, C .; Rodriguez-Garcia, M .; da kuma Patel, M. "Matsayin Hormones na Jima'i a Tsarin Kariya na Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙwarar mace." Yanayin Bayani Immunology . Maris 6, 2015; 15: 217-230.