Abubuwan Halinsa A Yau A yau
An haifi Samuel Heinicke ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 1727, a yankin Turai wanda yanzu shine gabashin Jamus. A 1754, ya fara koyawa dalibai - kuma ɗayansu ya kasance kurma. Wannan ɗaliban ɗalibai ya ruwaito cewa yaro ne. Ya yi amfani da takardun haruffa don ya koyar da ɗirin yaron.
Duk da haka, littafi mai suna "Surdus loquens," ko "Mai magana Magana," ya shawo kan ilimin koyarwar Heinicke game da yadda likita na Turai ya koya wa kurma ya yi magana.
Littafin ya ruwaito shi ne daga wani mai suna Amman. A shekara ta 1768, yana koya wa ɗaliban ɗalibai a Eppendorf, Jamus. Maganar ta yada sauri game da nasarar da Heinicke ke yi wajen koyar da kurma, kuma nan da nan ya sami kansa da ɗalibai ɗalibai da yawa.
Ana fara amfani da Hanyar Oral
Da farko, Heinicke yayi amfani da takardun rubutu kawai, alamar, da kuma gesture don koyarwa amma nan da nan ya ji cewa bai isa ba kuma ya fara amfani da magana da ladabi don koyarwa. Ya koyar da magana ta hanyar samun dalibai a cikin bakin. Heinicke ya ji daɗin cewa samun damar yin amfani da harshen magana yana da mahimmanci ga ci gaban tsarin tunani. Abin mamaki, ko da yake, dole ne ya yi amfani da harshen alamar da kuma nuna gwaninta har sai ɗalibansa suka ci gaba da koyo don yin magana . A cewar akalla mahimmanci, Heinicke ya ƙaddamar da Ma'anar Harshe don wakiltar hanyoyin sadarwa. Ya kuma yi amfani da abinci don koyar da magana.
A wannan lokacin - daga 1773 zuwa 1775 - ya rubuta rubutun jaridu game da ilimin kurma.
Heinicke ya rubuta game da yin amfani da jawabinsa don koyar da ɗaliban kurame kuma ya sanya shi "Oralism." Koyar da kurma ya zama aiki na cikakken aikin Heinicke - ba da daɗewa ba ya sami ɗalibai masu sauraro - kuma ya rubuta takarda don koyar da kurma.
Wani abu mai ban sha'awa game da Heinicke shi ne cewa yayin da yake aiki a matsayin malami mai ilmantarwa yana ci gaba, yana da dangantaka da wani malami mai tsararre - Abbe de l'Epee, wanda shine "mahaifin harshen alamar" yayin da Heinicke ya zama "mahaifin hanyar Jamus. " Yana yiwuwa a karanta wadannan haruffa a yau - The Library of Congress na da wadata:
Cin musayar tsakanin Samuel Heinicke da Abbe Charles Michel de l'Epee; wani labaran kan yadda ake magana da kurma a karni na goma sha takwas, ciki har da haifuwa cikin harshen Ingilishi na sashin sallar kowace wasika [wanda aka ba da labarin] Christopher B. Garnett, Jr.
[1st ed.]
New York, Vantage Press [1968]
Kundin Koli na Kira Lambar Kira: HV2471 .4 1968
Ƙirƙirar Makaranta
A shekara ta 1777, an san sunansa a matsayin malami mai tsararre cewa an umarce shi ya bude makaranta na farko (na baka) don kurma. Wannan makarantar ta bude a Leipzig, Jamus kuma ita ce makaranta ta farko don kurma wanda gwamnati ta amince. Shirin asalin makarantar shi ne "Cibiyar Nazarin Saxon Zaɓuɓɓuka don 'Yan Adam da Sauran Mutanen da Suka Cutar da Yanayin Magana," kuma a yau an san shi da "Samuel Heinicke School for the Deaf". Makaranta, wadda take a Karl Siegismund Road 2, 04317 Leipzig, yana kan yanar gizo. Shafin yanar gizon yana da hoto na makarantar, wanda ya nuna shekaru 225 a cikin shekara ta 2003 (makarantar kuma ta kasance ɗakin ɗakin karatu a ɗakin karatu mai sauraron sauraron da ya wuce shekara dari).
Shekaru goma sha biyu bayan bude makarantar, ya mutu kuma matarsa ta karbi aikin makarantar.
Long bayan mutuwarsa, Gabas ta Gabas ya girmama Heinicke a 1978 a kan takardar iznin sufurin.
Ƙarin albarkatun
Ƙasashen Duniya na Harshen Harshe yana da rubutun littafin Heinicke. Yawancin ayyukan da aka ambata a Jamus.
Littafin Majalisa na Majalisa yana da littafi ne kawai game da Heinicke: Osman, Nabil.
Samuel Heinicke / Nabil Osman.
München: Nashorn-Verlag, 1977.
29 p. ; 21 cm.
Kundin Kundin Kira na Kira Lambar HV2426.H44 O85