Lokacin da Launi na Fata Ya Lalata Ƙananan Yara da Fari
Lokacin da makarantu suka rarraba shekaru da suka wuce, makarantu don kurame suka biyo baya. A cikin shekaru 100, yara masu baƙar fata ba su halarci shirye-shiryen ilimin ilimi ba, suna a ko'ina a ɗakin tsararraki ko a ɗakunan gine-gine a wannan ɗalibai kamar makarantar makarar . Wannan rabuwa ya haifar da ci gaba da yarƙar baki na harshen Harshen Amurkan , wanda yake kama da dabi'a ga "Turanci na Turanci."
Lokacin da makarantun makafi suka haɗa baki, waɗannan ɗakunan gine-ginen da aka kafa sun kasance suna rufe ko kuma sun shiga cikin sauran makarantun. Yawancin lokaci, yarƙar baki ta ASL ta mutu kamar yadda 'ya'yan kururuwa baƙar fata suka rabu da fari daga yara masu kururuwa. Abin farin ciki, ana tunawa da tunanin wannan kwarewa a littattafai kamar Sounds Like Home . Wannan ƙungiyar ta ƙarfafa wannan ƙungiyar ta Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru, wanda a cikin shekara ta 1904 ya ba da shawara ga kafa makarantu daban-daban don yara baƙi.
Wannan ɓangaren yana nufin cewa malaman makafi na kurakurai na iya samun aikin yin aiki a cikin shirye-shirye daban. Shirye-shiryen sun samar da malamai masu kurarin baki baki, Julius Carrett da Amanda Johnson, duka biyu sun kammala karatu daga shirin Arewacin Carolina don baƙar fata, kuma HL Johns, wanda ya kammala digiri na shirin Maryland don baƙar fata. Dukkan uku sun hayar da Cibiyar Nazarin Ƙwararren Ƙwararrun Texas, Dumb da Blind Youth.
Jerin Makarantun Ƙasa
- Alabama - Makaranta na Negro Deaf-Mutes da Blind (1891).
- District of Columbia - Makarantar Kendall a Gallaudet ba ta dauki hotunan makaranta ba har sai 1952, lokacin da kotu ta umarta (kafin 'yan makarantar baƙi suka halarci makaranta a Maryland). Labarin yakin da Kendall ya dauka a cikin hotunan 'yan makaranta na DC an rubuta shi a cikin fim "Class of '52." Kendall ya kafa ginin gine-gine, amma rabuwa ya takaice kamar yadda a shekarar 1954 babban kotun Kotun Koli ta yanke hukunci game da haɗin gwiwa ya nuna cewa Kendall ya zama cikakke. Tarihi ta hanyar Runduna Mutuwar da ke nuna yana da hotunan ɗaliban Kendall kurame.
- Florida - Cibiyar Florida don Makafi, Kurma, da Dumb Colored Department (1895).
- Georgia - Makarantar Georgia don Negro Deaf (1882).
- Kentucky - Kentucky yana da ɗakin makaranta don baƙin ciki. Kundin Kentucky na Kentucky School for the Deaf, vol.130, Spring 2003 yana da ɗan gajeren labarin game da tarihin makarantar launin fata (1885 zuwa 1950).
- Tarihi ta hanyar idanuwan idanu - Tarihin ta hanyar Abubuwan Rigar da ke nunawa yana da hoton hotunan makaranta a Kentucky a shafinsa a makarantun Desegregated.
- Louisiana - Makarantar Makaranta na Louisiana ya zauna a cikin 1978, ya zama makarantar ƙarshe don sauraron ya zama cikakke. Makarantar Louisiana ta baƙar fata ita ce Makarantar Louisiana don Ƙwararrun Kurma da Ƙoƙasa.
- Maryland - Makarantar Makare da Ƙoƙasassin Launi (Ƙungiyar Maryland don Ƙwararru da Ƙananan Ƙari) (1872). Amfanin Amirka na Ƙwararru da Kurma (wanda ya riga ya kasance na Amfanan Amirka na Kurma ) yana da wata kasida, "Ƙungiyar Maryland ta Ƙwararrun Cigaban Launi," a cikin fitowar ta Yuli 1873.
- North Carolina - Makarantar Arewacin Carolina don Ƙuruciyar Kurma da Ƙofi (1869) - Makaranta na farko don yara baƙi. Jihar ta kafa Ma'aikatar Launi. Ɗaya daga cikin digiri na sashen, Roger D. O'Kelly, ya zama lauya kuma an san shi a tsohuwar ma'aikacin Silent , Volume 139, No.6. Labarin game da Kelly, "Ana iya ganin kundin yanar gizon ne kawai" Cikakken Negro Negro - Mute Lawyer a Amurka ".
- Oklahoma - Oklahoma Masana'antu na Ƙirƙirar Ƙararru, Makafi, da marayu na Ƙungiyar Launi.
- South Carolina - Cibiyar Kudancin Carolina na Ilimi na Ƙwararru da Ƙutsa da Ƙoƙasanci, Ma'aikatar Launi.
- Tennessee - James Mason (baƙar fata, sauraron ) ya kafa makaranta don baƙar fata, Makarantar Tennessee don Cikakken Launi da Ƙutsa.
- Texas - Texas Cibiyar Ƙararru, Mute, da kuma Makafi Ƙarƙashin Matasa (1887). William Holland, tsohon bawa mai sauraron da ya tura shi don kafa makarantar makaranta, ya zama shugabarsa ta farko a 1887.
- Virginia - Makarantar Virginia don Ƙwararrun Kurma da Makafi (1909).
- West Virginia - Makarantar Yammacin Virginia ga Ƙwararrun Kurma da Ƙofi (1919). Daya daga cikin sanannun 'yan asalin Afirika na Afirka, Ernest Hairston, ya halarci wannan makaranta kafin ya gama aiki. Mujalllar Goldenseal , juz'i na 28, lambar 3, Fall 2002, yana da wata kasida, "Makarantun Yammacin Virginia ga Cikakken Ƙari da Ƙofi," by Ancella Bickley. (Kuna iya samun kwafin ta hanyar tuntuɓar masu wallafa a WVCulture.org) Bickley ya rubuta wani littafi mai suna "A History of Obstacles: Tarihi na Makarantar West Virginia ga Mabubbu da Ƙari da Launi, 1926-1955. An wallafa shi da Cibiyar Nazarin Yammacin Virginia a shekara ta 2001 kuma ta bayyana cewa ba a buga ba kuma da wuya a samu. Ana iya samun hoton littafi a cikin Jami'ar Yammacin Virginia Alumni Magazine, Tarihin shekarar 2002.
> Sources:
> Gannon, Jack R., Gidauniyar Deaf , Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru ta Ƙarshe, 1981, shafi na 3.
> Paddon, Carol, da Humphries, Tom L. A cikin Ƙarshe Cikin Ƙasar , Jami'ar Harvard Press, 2005, pp. 50-54.
> Hairston, Ernest, da Smith, Linwood. Black da saurare a Amurka: Shin muna da bambancin , TJ Publishers, Inc., 1983.