An Ƙawataccen Sakamako a Makarantar Cutar
Babu wani abu a cikin tarihin ilimin makaranta da yafi tasiri a kan rayuwar da ilimi na makafi fiye da taron da aka gudanar a Milan a ƙarshen karni na 19.
Bayani na taron Milan na 1880
A cikin 1880, akwai babban taro na kasashe masu yawa na malamai da ake kira Majalisar Taron Duniya na Biyu a kan Ilimi na Ƙarshe. A wannan taron, an yi bayanin cewa ilimi nagari ya fi ilimi sanarwa.
A sakamakon haka, an dakatar da harshen harshe a makarantu don sauraron.
A nan ne na farko na takwas shawarwari guda takwas da wannan taron ya wuce:
- Yarjejeniyar, la'akari da fifiko marar tabbatattun maganganu game da alamu a sake mayar da sautuka zuwa ga jama'a da kuma ba shi cikakken ilmi game da harshe, ya nuna cewa ya kamata a fi dacewa da hanya ta hanyar magana ta hanyar alamu a ilimin da kuma koyarwar mutun.
- Yarjejeniyar, la'akari da cewa amfani da juna da alamomin juna guda ɗaya yana da rashin haɓaka da haɗin gwiwa da lakabi da kuma ƙaddarar ra'ayoyin, ya furta cewa hanyar kirki mai tsarki ya kamata a fi son.
Sauran hukunce-hukuncen sun shafi al'amura, kamar:
- Ilimi na yara matalauta matalauta
- Manufofi don ilmantar da ɗaliban kurame da jin dadi da kuma amfani da dogon lokaci na wannan horo
- Bukatar littattafan ilimi don malamai masu sauraro
A sakamakon taron a Milan, malamai kurame suka rasa ayyukansu, saboda akwai ƙirar masu sauraro, kamar masu marubuta, masu zane, da lauyoyi.
Har ila yau, ingancin rayuwa da ilimin 'yan makaranta ya kasance mummunan tasiri.
Amma, albishir shine, kungiyoyi irin su Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta tashi suka yi mulki a cikin magoya bayan da yawa. Har ma fiye da haka, shugaban Gallaudet College ya yi shawarar yanke hukunci a kan filin wasa.
A ƙarshe, a cikin 1970, masanin farfesa a harsunan Gallaudet mai tsawo na tsawon lokaci, William Stokoe ya furta harshen alamar harshen gaskiya.
A ƙarshe, yanke shawara ga Kwalejin Gallaudet don riƙe harshen sa alama ya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsira da harshen harshe. Wannan shi ne ƙari ga ɗaliban 'yan makaranta da suka ɓoye juna a asirce tare da alamu, duk da ban.
A Banning na Harshe Harshe: A "Tabbatacce" sakamakon
Bisa ga masana, ingancin harshen sa alama a wannan taron kasa da kasa a Milan wani sakamako ne da aka sani. Wannan kuwa shi ne saboda mutanen da aka san su suna wakiltar taro. Wani mai magana a hankali shi ne wanda ke ba da umurni don maganganu, wanda shine aikin koyar da ɗanuwansu don sadarwa ta hanyar magana ko ladabi, a maimakon tsayayyar harshe.
Yana da ban sha'awa a lura cewa Amurka da Birtaniya ne kawai kasashe da suka tsayayya da ban. Abin baƙin ciki shine, an manta da masu adawa.
Tsarin lokaci na taron Milan
Taro a Milan a 1880 yana da muhimmancin gaske a tarihi tarihin da aka girmama shi a al'adun gargajiya, kamar zane, Milan, Italiya 1880, mai kunnen kullun Mary Thornley. Wannan hoton da aka kwatanta da 'yan gudun hijira suna nuna bindigogi a cikin haruffan "ASL," wanda ke tsayawa ga Harshen Harshen Amincewa na Amirka.
A watan Oktobar 1993, Jami'ar Gallaudet ta gudanar da taron da ake kira "Post Milan ASL da kuma ilimin Ingilishi ." Taron taron ya ƙunshi wani rubutun da ake kira "Reflections on Milan tare da ido ga makomar," na Katherine Jankowski.
A cikin tunani, wanda zai iya cewa a cikin shekaru tun lokacin da harsun alamar da harshe suka koya don kasancewa cikin salama. Babu wani Milan Milan 1880.
Kalma Daga
Taron a Milan wani labari ne mai ban sha'awa a tarihin jama'a. Abin godiya, ba a ƙara yin amfani da harshe alama ba a makarantu. Maimakon haka, harshen harufa ya rungumi a matsayin hanyar sadarwa mai mahimmanci da ta musamman.
Tare da wannan, idan kai ko ƙaunataccen jariri yana da jariri ko yaro wanda ke kurma ko mai saurin ji, akwai albarkatun da za su taimaka maka mai mahimmanci don inganta halayyar sadarwa da yake bukata.
Wata hanya mai mahimmanci ita ce ƙungiya mai suna CHOICES ga Iyaye, wanda ba wai kawai samar da hanyoyi don inganta halayyar sadarwa don yaro ba, amma yana bayar da tallafi, shawarwari, da kuma ayyuka masu yawa.
> Sources:
> Harshen Harshen Amsa na Amirka: Milan, Italiya 1880.
> Gannon, JR, Butler, J., & Gilbert, L.-J. (1981). Maƙasudin kurkuku: Tarihin tarihin tsararru Amurka . Silver Spring, Md: Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Ƙwararru.
> Kushalnagar P et al. Yara da yara da jin murya suna buƙatar isa ga harshe. J Jarin Gida . Saurin 2010, 21 (2): 143-54.