Rayukan Cosmic Galactic-Kawai Wasu Matsalolin Jakadancin Mars
Mars Marsh Jakadancin Jakadancin zasu cigaba da inganta cutar sankarar bargo daga tafiya zuwa Red Planet? Yana iya zama kamar tambaya mai ban mamaki, amma nazarin da aka ba da tallafi na NASA suna nazarin kowane irin abu a shirye-shiryen abin da zai iya zama wani babban motsi ga 'yan Adam - tafiya zuwa Mars. Tafiya tare da ƙungiya na 'yan adam zai iya farawa a farkon 2030s. Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban na wannan babban aikin, kuma shiryawa da bincike sun fara.
Kuna iya duba dukkanin tsare-tsaren, ciki har da sassa uku na bincike, a shafin yanar gizon "Journey to Mars Overview" na NASA.
Shirin da aka yi wa Mars ya zo da haɗari masu yawa, wasu sanannu da wasu watakila ba a sani ba. Daya daga damuwa ga masu tafiya a nan gaba shine tasiri mai zurfin sararin samaniya akan lafiyar mutum. A cikin wani sabon bincike na NASA, masu bincike sun gano cewa radiation mai zurfi a sarari na iya kara haɗarin cutar sankarar bargo a cikin 'yan saman jannati, wanda ya canzawa zuwa kwayoyin halitta mai mahimmanci a cikin kututtukan da ke haifar da sabon jini cikin jiki.
Radiation Daga radiyo X da CT Scans
Harkokin radiation yana ɗaukar shi tare da shi da yiwuwar yin lahani . Akwai radiation ionizing da radiation non ionizing.
Duk da yake radiation ba tare da ionizing ba, kamar kamus ɗin UV ɗin daga rana, zai iya zama lalata, zaka iya kare kanka daga irin wannan radiation sauƙin sauƙin. Bayyana radiation yana da wuya a guji. Hanyoyin radiation na iya motsawa ta hanyar abubuwa kuma canza cajin dabbar a cikin kayan kewaye.
Matakan da ke haɗuwa da radiation a cikin sararin samaniya sun fito ne daga ƙananan rassan belt (Van Allen Belts), hasken rana, da kuma hasken rana.
Game da radiation da ake amfani da ita don magance ciwon daji, ana amfani da amfanin radiation mai jijiyoyin kwayoyi (kashe kwayoyin cutar kanjamau) daga hadarin irin wannan rikicewa, irin su rikice-rikice da dogon lokaci, ciki har da fitowar wani sabon shekaru rashin lafiya.
Hakazalika, ba a ɗauka da ɗaukar hotuna a cikin haskoki x da CT ba, saboda ƙididdigewa maras kyau da kuma ba da mahimmanci ga radiation da kuma diagnostic radiation zai iya ƙara wa mutum wani hadarin mummunan rayuwa.
Radiation Daga Rayukan Cosmic Rayuka
Radiation mai karfi ne mai makamashi, kuma hasken rana (GCRs) shine nau'i na radiation wanda yake da sha'awa sosai kamar yadda ya shafi tafiya ta sarari. GCR mafi yawancin suna fito ne daga waje da tsarin hasken rana, amma daga cikin Milky Way galaxy. GCR suna da nauyi sosai, ions makamashi masu ƙarfi da suka ƙwace dukkan zaɓuɓɓukan lantarki yayin da suka wuce galaxy a kusan gudun haske.
Rashin fadin sararin samaniya ya bambanta da abin da muke fuskanta a kan duniya-ko ma a ƙasa mai tsabta ta duniya-domin akwai "ƙwayoyi" masu yawa daga hasken wutar lantarki na hasken wutar lantarki na duniya, ban da radiation daga hasken rana da kuma daga da belts da ke kusa da gida. Duniya tana da belin radiyo da ake kira launi Van Allen wanda ke fadada kimanin kilomita 1,000 zuwa 60,000 sama da farfajiyar.
Harshen filin sararin samaniya yana kare radiation kuma yana kare yanayin duniya daga lalacewa, amma aikin Mars yana buƙatar tafiya mai zurfi.
Abin da ya fi haka, Mars ya ɓace shi biliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce, don haka ga mutanen da suka kafa ƙafa a Red Planet, babu irin wannan kariya da ke jiran su. NASA yana sane da waɗannan haɗari kuma yana aiki a kan mafita. Masana kimiyyar NASA sun tayar da hanzarin samar da filin lantarki mai wucin gadi kusa da Mars don kare ayyukan da ke gaba.
Menene Rayayyun Rayayyun Kwayoyin Yammacin Yammacin Yakan Yi Ga Mutane?
Ana tasiri tasirin radiation a kan mutane a sararin samaniya a hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma ba kawai cutar sankarar bargo da malignancy ba cewa masana kimiyya suna damuwa game da su. NASA yana gudanar da nazarin nazarin sararin samaniya a cikin sararin samaniya, yadda irin wannan labarun zai iya tasiri da hankali da kuma hali, da kuma yadda kwayoyin za su iya magance radiation-kuma musamman, wacce kwayoyin ke juyawa kuma wane irin kwayoyin suna kashe su.
Rayuwa a Mars na iya haifar da cutar cutar sankarar haɓaka, bisa ga bayanan da cibiyar bincike ta Wake Forest Baptist Medical ta tattara. Ƙungiyar ta bincika tasirin tasirin sararin samaniya mai ma'ana musamman a kan kwayoyin halitta mai suna Hematopoietic (HSCs). HSC ne ainihin ainihin kwayoyin kwayoyin da kuka iya jin game da wannan ana amfani dashi a matsayin maganin ciwon daji a wasu lokuta.
Lokacin da mai ciwon yana da babban maganin chemotherapy ya shirya ya kashe kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji, chemo kuma zai iya daukar nauyinta a kan kwayoyin sutura. Saboda haka, za'a iya yin amfani da suturar ɓawon launin jini , ko kuma wanda zai iya amfani da shi a cikin kwayoyin halitta , wanda zai iya ƙarfafa ƙarfin mai haƙuri don samun sabon farawa da lafiya, sabon jini wanda zai zama sel. Waɗannan su ne ainihin kwayoyin jini a cikin kututtukan kawan da ke haifar da dukkanin sabon kwayar jini kamar yadda tsofaffi suka yi. Kwayoyin tsufa cikin jini sun hada da kwayoyin jan kwayoyin dake dauke da iskar oxygen daga lambobin ka zuwa ga sauran jikinka, har ma da fararen fata wanda ke taimakawa wajen yaki da kamuwa da cututtuka.
Kungiyar a Wake Forest sun dauki wadannan HSCs masu jini daga masu bada agajin lafiya masu shekaru 30 zuwa 55 kuma sun nuna su zuwa radiation da kuma GCR kamar hasken da ake sa ran bombard jannati a lokacin Mars. Sun bincika sel a cikin labaran daga bisani kuma sun gano cewa radiation ta shafi kwayoyin halitta a matakin kwayar halitta, haifar da maye gurbi cikin kwayoyin da suka shafi karfin su na cigaba da zama cikin kwayar jini. Hanyoyin watsa labaran sun rage yawan kwayoyin jini wanda zai iya samar da kusan jini daban-daban, kuma yawancin su na iya haifar da sababbin kwayoyin jikinsu kamar yadda 60 zuwa 80 bisa dari, in ji Christopher Porada, wani babban jami'in bincike kan wannan aikin.
Abin da irin wannan raguwa a cikin jini zai iya nufi ga 'yan saman jannati shi ne wani abu da masu fama da cutar sankarar da suka rigaya sun sani game da shi - karuwar jinin jini zai iya haifar da anemia , tare da bayyanar cututtuka irin su gajiya, rauni, rashin ƙarfi, da rashin haƙuri. Rage raguwar jini na jini zai iya rage kariya daga jikin mutum, mai karuwa zuwa kamuwa da cuta. Kuma raguwa a cikin plalets zai iya sa mutum ya fi dacewa da matsawan jini da kuma zub da jini, tare da gurguntaccen jini ko zub da jini.
Amfani da Mice don Bincika Ƙarin Bit
Sau da yawa a cikin bincike na likita, binciken da ya kasance yana tabbatar da gaskiyar a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje baza a sake haifar da shi ba ko kuma tabbatar da shi lokacin da ya shafi, a cikin ainihin mutum mai rai mai rai-ko kuma linzamin kwamfuta don farawa. Don ƙoƙarin samun fahimta game da yadda tasirin radiation zai iya kallo a cikin rayayyun halittu, kungiyar a Wake Forest ta sassaukar da HSC cikin GCR a cikin ƙwayoyi.
Mice ya ci gaba da samar da kwayar T-cell lymphoblastic cutar sankarar bargo . Ƙungiyar ta bayyana wannan a matsayin farkon zanga-zangar cewa radiation mai zurfi ta sarari na iya kara yawan cutar cutar sankarar bargo a cikin mutane.
T-cell babban kwayar lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) su ne cututtukan jini wanda ke haifar da mummunan canje-canje a cikin kwayoyin da ke haifar da T-cell, ko kuma jinin jini wadanda ake kira T-lymphocytes. T-ALL na lissafin kashi 10 zuwa 15 bisa dari na yara ALL da kashi 25 na adult ALL. Magunguna tare da T-ALL suna da karɓin kashi wanda ya zama tare da kwayoyin T cell lymphoblasts, tare da ƙididdigar jini mai tsabta, ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin akwatin kirji, da kuma shiga cikin tsarin tsakiya na tsakiya a lokacin ganewar asali. Cure ya karu da kashi 75 a cikin yara kuma kimanin kashi 50 cikin 100 na manya sun kamu da wannan cuta.
Layin Gashin Daga Nazarin Mouse
Sakamakon binciken da masu binciken suka bari sun yanke shawarar cewa sau biyu daban-daban na radiation na iya aiki a bayyanar cutar sankarar bargo. Da farko, sun gano lalacewar kwayoyin cutar HSC da zai iya kai tsaye ga ci gaba da cutar sankarar bargo. Na biyu, radiation kuma ya lalata ikon HSC don yin sabon sassan T da B, duka biyu sune kwayoyin jinin da zasu iya shiga tsakani don yaki da magungunan kasashen waje kamar kwayoyin cuta, amma kuma kwayoyin tumo. Saboda haka, ba wai kawai kake da canjin kwayoyin ba a cikin kwayoyin da za su iya haifar da cutar sankarar bargo, amma kuma kuna da tsarin da ba shi da wata nakasa game da iyawarsa don kawar da kwayoyi masu muni da suka fito daga maye gurbin rashawa.
> Sources
> Dachev T, Horneck G, Häder DP, et al. Bayanan lokaci na yaduwar kyamarar rayuka a lokacin Jakadancin EXPOSE-E: R3DE Instrument. Astrobiology . 2012; 12 (5): 403-411.
> Van Vlierberghe P, Ferrando A. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta T cell lymphoblastic cutar sankarar bargo. J Invest Invest . 2012; 122 (10): 3398-3406.