Kwayar cutar Philadelphia shine takamaiman ganowa a cikin kwayoyin jikinsu na jini na jini - wanda aka gano wanda yana da nasaba da cutar sankarar bargo. Yawanci ya zo ne akan "Philadelphia chromosome-positive cutar sankarar bargo."
Mafi mahimmanci, ana iya kiran cutar ta cutar sankarar jini "Philadelphia-chromosome-positive (Ph +) mai cutar mikiyocin jini " (CML) ko "Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph +) lymphoblastic cutar sankarar bargo" (ALL).
Chromosome Refresher
A cikin tsakiya na kowane tantanin halitta, ana kunshe da kwayar halittar DNA a cikin sassan launi kamar chromosomes. Kowace ƙwayar cuta ce ta ƙunshi DNA da aka rufe-sau da yawa-a kusa da sunadarai da ake kira histones. Sai dai idan tantanin halitta yana rarraba a cikin biyu, chromosomes ba a bayyane a cikin tsakiya-har ma a karkashin wani microscope. Wancan ne saboda a cikin kwayar da ba ta rabuwa ba, DNA ba ta ɓullowa ba kuma ta tafi sosai, tun da cell ke amfani da shi a wurare da dama. Duk da haka, DNA wanda ke haifar da chromosomes ya zama cikakke cikewa a lokacin rarraba kwayar halitta sannan kuma a bayyane yake a karkashin wani microscope a matsayin chromosome.
Kowane chromosome yana da nau'in halayyar kansa, kuma ana iya samo wurin da wasu kwayoyin halitta ke danganta da siffar chromosome. Lokacin da dukkanin kwayoyin halitta a cikin tantanin halitta na mutum ya samu kwaskwarima, akwai nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i 23 na chromosomes, domin kimanin 46 chromosomes a kowace tantanin halitta.
A gaskiya ma, jinsuna daban-daban na shuke-shuke da dabbobi sun bambanta lambobi na chromosomes. Kwayar 'ya'yan itace, alal misali, tana da nau'i hudu na chromosomes, yayin da shinkafa yana da 12 da kare, 39.
Philadelphia Chromosome
Phiromelphia chromosome yana da labarin da wuri, amma don dalilai masu amfani, ana iya bayyana shi azaman mummunan ƙwayar chromosome 22 wanda aka sanya ɓangare na chromosome 9 zuwa gare shi.
A wasu kalmomi, wani ɓangaren chromosome 9 da wani ƙwayar chromosome 22 karya kashewa da kuma kasuwanci. Lokacin da wannan cinikin ya faru, yana haifar da matsala a cikin kwayoyin halitta - an halicci wani nau'ikan da ake kira "bcr-abl" a kan chromosome 22 inda yanki na chromosome 9 ya haɗa. Yau da ake canza chromosome 22 shine ake kira Phiromelphia chromosome .
Kwayoyin da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta Philadelphia suna samuwa a cikin cutar cutar sankarar mielogenous mai tsanani kuma wani lokaci ana samu a cikin kwayar cutar ciwon sankarar lymphocytic mai tsanani . Kodayake kwaminisancin Philadelphia ana tunaninsa dangane da CML da DUK, yana iya samuwa a cikin wasu alamomi, irin su "ficewar Philadelphia," da kuma "Philadelphia chromosome-negative na myeloproliferative cutar."
Don haka ka gani, ka'idodin Philadelphia shine wani canji na kwayoyin halitta wanda ya zama alamar magani a likita, da amfani don gano wasu cututtuka ta fuskarsa, da sauran cututtuka ta hanyar rashinsa.
A wani ɓangare na binciken su, likitoci zasu nema a gaban gabanin Philadelphia chromosome don taimakawa wajen gano idan mai fama da cutar ya kamu da cutar sankarar jini.
Kwayoyin cutar Philadelphia ne kawai aka samu a cikin kwayoyin jini da aka kamu. Saboda lalacewa ga DNA, ilimin Philadelphia chromosome ya haifar da samar da wani enzyme mahaukaci da ake kira tyrosine kinase.
Tare da wasu mawuyacin hali, wannan enzyme yana haifar da kwayar cutar ciwon daji ba tare da yin la'akari ba.
Doctors za su nemi bayyanar wannan mummunan lokacin da suke nazarin samfurori daga kasusuwan kasusuwan da ke cikin kasusuwansu don taimakawa wajen tabbatar da asali.
Ganowar Philadelphia chromosome a cikin shekarun 1960 ya jagoranci manyan ci gaba a maganin CML. Wannan ya kafa harsashi don sabon zamanin CML farfesa da ake kira "tyrosine kinase inhibitors," kamar Gleevac (imatinib mesylate) da Sprycel (dasatinib).
A kwanan nan, Tasigna (Nilotinib) ya amince da magance magunguna wadanda suka kamu da maganin Philadelphia-chromosome-positive (Ph +) CML a lokaci mai tsawo.
Nilotinib kuma an dauki mai hana mai hana tyrosine kinase.
Sources
Goldman, J. da Daley, G. (2007). Kwanar cutar sankarar bargo na Myeloid. A cikin Melo, J., da Goldman, J. (Eds.) Myeloproliferative Disorders (pp.1-13). New York. Springer.
Sherbenou, D. da Druker, B. "Neman binciken da aka gano a Philadelphia chromosome" Jaridar Clinical Bincike Agusta 2007 117: 2067-74.
Adamson PC. Inganta sakamakon ga yara da ciwon daji: Ci gaba da sababbin ma'aikata. CA Cancer J Jarin. 2015; 65 (3): 212-220.
Nowell PC. Binciken da aka samu a Philadelphia chromosome: hangen nesa. Jaridar Clinical Bincike. 2007; 117 (8): 2033-2035.