Sphincters ƙwararru ne na musamman, madauwari waɗanda suka bude da rufe wasu sassan jiki. Mafi sau da yawa, aikin da ake aiki da shi shine ya tsara fasalin wasu nau'o'in ruwa, irin su bile, fitsari ko kuma wani abu mai laushi.
Ayyukan sphincters na iya haifuwa da gangan ta hanyar tsarin kulawa mai zaman kanta ko kuma yana iya zama karkashin ikon kulawa ta hanyar tsarin kulawa mai ban tsoro.
Idan sphincter ya ɓace sautin tsoka ko yana da yawa da sautin (ladabi), bayyanar cututtuka da / ko rashin lafiya zai iya biyo baya, kamar su riƙe da urinary da kuma mafitsara da kuma rashin tausayi .
Sphincters na tsarin narkewa
Upper Esophageal Sphincter
Zuwa samin pharanx, wanda aka fi sani da dimbin yawa na pharyngeal, wanda za'a iya samuwa a ƙarshen pharanx, inda yake kare ƙofar shiga cikin esophagus. HAS yana da tsayayya don hana iska daga shiga cikin tsawa yayin da muke numfasawa kuma don hana abinci daga fitattun jikin mu. Becauese na wurinsa, UES kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a zubar da zubar da jini. Rashin rashin lafiya na UES, a matsayin wani ɓangare na cututtukan gastroesophageal , (GERD) zai iya haifar da acid don dawowa cikin makogwaro ko kuma a cikin hanyoyi.
Sphincter ƙananan tsalle
Ƙwararren asibiti na kasa mai zurfi (LES), wanda aka fi sani da zane-zane mai kwakwalwa, yana samuwa a ƙasa daga cikin esophagus inda ya hadu da ciki.
Ayyukansa na farko sune ba da izinin abincin da zai iya shiga daga ciki zuwa cikin ciki, don ba da damar iska ta gujewa daga ciki lokacin da aka yi masa kabari, da kuma hana ƙwaƙwalwar ciki daga wankewa zuwa cikin esophagus. Kuskuren na LES yana ɗaya daga cikin tushen asali na GERD.
Pyloric Sphincter
Tsinkayyar pyloric yana tsakiyar tsakanin ciki da duodenum, wanda shine sashi na ƙananan hanji .
Halin da ake kira pyloric spancter ya buɗe don bada izinin abincin da aka baje (chyme) ya fita daga cikin ciki zuwa duodenum don ci gaba da narkewa da kuma shayarwa cikin jiki.
Sphincter na Oddi
Sphincter na Oddi (SO) yana samuwa a inda wurin da ake amfani da shi na bile tare da ƙananan kwalliya sun haɗa zuwa duodenum. Sannan ya buɗe bayan mun ci abinci domin ya ba da damar bile daga gallbladder, da kuma enzymes daga pancreas, don shiga cikin duodenum domin ya karya kayan abinci don shawa cikin jiki. Sphincter na Oddi dysfunction (SOD), rashin lafiyar lafiya, wanda zai iya haifar da ciwo a cikin kirji.
Ileocecal Sphincter
Tsinkayyar tsinkayyar wuri yana samuwa inda ƙananan hanji da kuma babban kayan aiki suka hadu. Ba a san da yawa game da wannan yanayin ba, ban da cewa ana tsammani ya fitar da ƙaya daga karshen ƙananan hanji, (ileum) cikin babban hanji. Tsinkayyar maganin na tsakiya zai iya taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kare kwayoyin cutar daga babban hanji daga cin hanci a cikin ƙananan hanji, yanayin kiwon lafiya wanda aka sani da kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta jiki .
Anal Sphincter
Ana iya samin sphincter mai tsabta a ƙarshen dubban, sabili da haka a ƙarshen wuri mai narkewa.
Tsarin gwaninta yana sarrafa tsarin fitarwa daga dutsen. Yana da duka abubuwan ciki da na waje. Tsarin ciki na ciki yana karkashin jagorancin kai tsaye (sabili da haka yana hana ƙwanƙasa daga tsomawa), yayin da tsinkayyar na waje yana da yawa a ƙarƙashin ikon sa ido, don haka ya ba da izinin motsa jiki. Rashin rashin lafiya na tsinkayyar tsinkar cuta zai iya haifar da lalacewa, yanayin kiwon lafiya wanda aka sani da rashin daidaituwa .
Wasu Sphincters
Magana mai zurfi: Har ila yau, an san shi azaman furotin ne, wannan farfadowa yana kula da rikewa da kuma zubar da fitsari. Kamar maganin da ake yi a cikin tarihin, zane-zane na ciki yana da ƙwayar ciki da na waje, wanda ke da alaƙa a karkashin jagorancin kai da son rai.
Iris sphincter: Har ila yau, da aka sani da pupillary sphincter ko sphincter pupillae. Wannan farfadowa yana sarrafa rufewa a cikin ido.
Source:
Minocha, A. & Adamec, C. (2011) The Encyclopedia of the Digestive System and Disposers Disorders (2nd Ed.) New York: Facts on File.
"Sophinal Sphincter" na Upper Esophagus, aikin motsa jiki na Pharynx, Esophagus, da Sphincters. Littafin An Rubuta a kan PubMed.