Abin da nazarin dabba da bincike na lissafi suka gaya mana
An damu da damuwa da yawa cewa matan da ke daukar wasu kwayoyi masu maganin rigakafi a lokacin daukar ciki na iya haifar da haɗarin hadarin haihuwa. Binciken na yau da kullum rikicewa kuma damuwa game da yiwuwar hadarin zai iya yin la'akari da tunaninmu game da kwayoyin kwayoyi.
Magungunan magani Sustiva (efavirenz) ya dade yana damu da ka'idoji na farko da ya nuna cewa an kauce masa, a kalla a farkon farkon watanni uku, saboda yiwuwar cututtuka (nauyin haihuwa).
Shawarar sun riga sun canza kuma yanzu sun ba da damar yin amfani da efavirenz a farkon farkon watanni na farko idan mahaifiyar ta kasance da nauyin hoto mai ban tsoro .
Da wannan aka ce, waɗannan sharuɗɗa sun nuna cewa matan da ba su da ciki a cikin shekarun haihuwa suna kauce wa duk wani maganin ƙwayoyi da ke dauke da efavirenz.
Don me menene wannan yake nufi? Shin kwamitin kiwon lafiyar Amurka ne kawai yake shinge yaninsu game da miyagun ƙwayoyi wanda zai iya zama ko kuma ba zai cutar ba, ko kuma ya kamata mu damu game da wannan da sauran kwayoyi?
Rikicin Dan Adam na Nuna Labarai
Yayinda aka tantance haɗarin kwayoyin cutar kwayar cutar HIV da nakasar haihuwa, yawancin bincike na yanzu bai fito ne daga nazarin mutum ba amma daga bincike na dabba (a fili saboda ba za ka iya nuna labaran ɗan adam ba ga magunguna).
Tare da girmamawa ga Sustiva, damuwa game da labarun da aka fara da farko an tashe shi a lokacin da mutum uku na 20 cynomolgus birai da aka fallasa wa miyagun ƙwayoyi suna da jarirai tare da lalatawa da magungunan kulawa da ƙwayoyin cuta. Bugu da kari, ƙaddamar da maganin miyagun kwayoyi ne kawai sau 1.3 fiye da abin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin mutane.
A halin yanzu, berayen da aka fallasa a kan Sustiva sun sami gogaggen tayi, wani abu ne wanda 'yan uwan da suka ragu suka mutu a lokacin gestation.
Babu wani lahani na haihuwa da aka gani a zomaye.
Nazarin ilimin lissafi a cikin ɗan adam
Bayanan da aka ƙwace daga Asusun Rahoton Cutar Abune (APR) sun zana hoto daban-daban.
Yayinda APR ta gano asarar haihuwa a cikin yara 18 daga 766 da aka nuna wa Sustiva a farkon farkon watanni uku, ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta - iri da aka gani a nazarin dabba-sun sa shakku kamar yadda tasirin mutane zai kasance kamar su birai. berayen.
Binciken da aka yi na nazarin karatu na 19, ciki har da APR, ya gano cewa an haifi 'ya'ya mata 1,437 a cikin Sustiva. Bisa ga waɗannan talifofin, ana ganin nauyin ya kasance ba bambanci ba fiye da abin da aka gani a cikin yawan jama'ar Amurka.
Duk da ƙananan ƙananan lambobin da aka tabbatar, jami'an kiwon lafiyar sun kasance ba tare da jinkirin ba Sustiva ba.
Rashin Halin Haihuwa a Sauran HIV Drugs
A shekarar 2014, masu bincike daga Faransanci na Perinatal Cohor sun wallafa wani binciken da yayi nazari akan yawan cututtukan haihuwa da aka gani a cikin yara da ke nunawa da wasu kwayoyi masu maganin rigakafi a lokacin daukar ciki. Sakamakon binciken da ake gudanarwa ya hada da yara 13,124 waɗanda aka haifa ga mata da HIV daga 1986.
Sakamakon ya zama mai ban sha'awa: yayin da karuwa a cikin lalacewar haihuwa an hade da wasu kwayoyi masu maganin rigakafi, irin su Crixivan (indinavir) , bashin bai bambanta da yadda aka gani a cikin yawan jama'a ba. Bugu da ƙari, babu ƙayyadadden ƙwayar cuta ko irin mummunar lahani na haihuwa.
A halin yanzu, daga cikin yara 372 da aka fallasa su a Sustiva a farkon farkon watanni uku, babu wata dangantaka da za a iya samu a tsakanin miyagun ƙwayoyi da cututtuka.
Ba haka ba ne cewa kwayoyi ba su da hadari. Masu binciken Faransanci sun lura da yawan ƙwayar zuciya a cikin jariran da aka fallasa zuwa AZT (zidovudine) . Mafi yawancin ciwon kwakwalwa na ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwayar cuta, gurguntaccen nakasar da aka samu a ciki wanda rami ya taso tsakanin ɗakunan ɗakunan biyu na zuciya.
Binciken daga Harvard School of Health, da aka buga a shekarar 2014, ya tabbatar da yawancin binciken da aka samu na Faransa. Binciken, wanda ya hada da 'ya'yan Amurka 5,580 da aka nuna wa kwayoyi masu maganin rigakafi a farkon farkon watanni uku, sun gano cewa' yan kwayoyi marasa magani kuma babu wani nau'i na likitocin da aka haɗu da haɗarin ƙwayar haihuwa.
Duk da haka, masu bincike na Harvard sun lura da mummunar haɗarin fata da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yara da aka ba su ritonavir-suka ƙarfafa Reyataz (atazanavir) a farkon farkon shekaru uku. Duk da yake masu bincike sun nuna cewa za a iya samun ƙarin bincike don tantance haɗarin Reyataz a cikin ciki, har yanzu sun yanke shawarar cewa duk wani mummunan haɗari ya zama ƙasa.
kuma ya kammala cewa, yayin da ake ci gaba da bincike a cikin Reyataz lokacin amfani da ita, "saboda rashin lafiyar maras kyau (rashin lafiyar anomaly), amfanin amfanin maganin ARV da aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin daukar ciki har yanzu ya wuce irin wannan hadarin."
> Sources:
> Ma'aikatar Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'ar Amirka da Harkokin Dan Adam (DHHS). "Shawarwari don Amfani da Magungunan maganin kwayar cutar HIV a cikin cutar HIV da 1 na mata don kula da lafiyar uwa da haɗin gwiwa don rage karfin cutar HIV a cikin Amurka." Washington, DC; sabunta Maris 28, 2014.
> Kwamitin Gudanar da Rahoton Rahoton Ciki. "Rahotanni na 'yan jarida na asibiti na kasa da kasa na ranar 1 ga Janairu 1989-31 Janairu 2017." Wilmington, North Carolina; sabunta Janairu 2017.
> Sibiude, J. et al. "Ƙungiyar tsakanin Prenatal Exposure zuwa Matsararraji Farfesa da Rahoton Haihuwa: An Analysis na Nazarin Faransa Farancin Nazarin (ANRS CO1 / CO11)." PLoS | Magunguna. Afrilu 29, 2014; DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pmed.1001635.
> Williams, P .; Crain, M .; Yildirim, C. et al. "Abubuwa da ke faruwa a cikin kwayar cutar da kuma Utero da ke nuna rashin lafiyar jiki a jikin mutum ." JAMA Pediatrics . 2014; DOI: 10.1001 / jamapediatrics.2014.