Yin rigakafi na HIV zai iya zama rikitarwa. Yin magani mai kyau yana buƙatar haɗuwa da maganin tumɓuke marasa lafiya. Wannan sananne ne a matsayin ko dai cART (hada maganin antiretroviral), ko HAART (farfadowa mai magunguna). Haɗuwa da maganin cutar ta HIV yana amfani da kwayoyi daga akalla nau'i-nau'i daban-daban. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen kare cutar daga inganta tsayayya ga farfadowa.
Kwayoyin likitancin amfani da cutar HIV sun hada da:
- masu kwantar da protease (PIs) - wanda toshe wani enzyme da ake buƙatar tarawa da kwayar cutar HIV
- mahallin / nucleotide baya inhibitors (NRTIs) - wanda ke dauke da cutar HIV daga yin rubutun RNA cikin DNA don haka za'a iya kofe shi ta sel
- wadanda ba su da magungunan ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin fassara (NNRTIs) - wanda ke aiki da irin wannan aikin kamar NRTIs, amma ɗaure a wuri dabam
- haɗuwar masu hanawa - wanda ke dauke da cutar HIV daga haɗuwa da kwayar halitta cikin sel
- shigarwa masu shigarwa - wanda ke hana HIV daga shiga cikin sel. Ɗaya daga cikin ɓangaren shigarwa masu shigarwa su ne ctR5 co-receptor antagonists. Wadannan sunadarai sunadaran da kwayar cutar ta HIV ke ɗauka lokacin shigar da kwayoyin
Kowace magungunan ƙwayoyi suna da matsala masu amfani da rashin amfani. Alal misali, wasu likitoci sun fi so su yi amfani da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin cuta don su guje wa illa masu lalacewa, kamar su tsufa , waɗanda suke hade da NRTIs. Duk da haka, masu sana'a na HIV sun san cewa babu wani tsarin da ya dace ga duk masu haƙuri da kwayar cutar HIV.
A lokacin da aka tsara magani, dole suyi la'akari da dalilai da dama. Wannan ya hada da illa na lalacewa, tsayayyen hoto, da kuma yadda masu yiwuwa marasa lafiya zasu dauki dukkan kwayoyin kwayoyin su a lokaci da kuma yadda aka umarce su.
Zai iya zama da wuya a gudanar da lokaci na wasu shafukan tsarin. Domin yawancin lokuta, ana amfani da kwayoyi a lokuta daban-daban na rana.
Dole ne a dauki wasu, tare da wasu ba tare da abinci ba. Saboda haka an sami cigaba da sha'awar tsarin kulawa guda-daya don maganin cutar HIV. Wadannan tsarin sun hada da kwayoyi daga nau'o'i daban-daban a cikin kwayar kwaya daya. Yana da sau ɗaya a kowace rana don HIV, kodayake wasu zasu buƙaci sau biyu a rana. A halin yanzu, FDA ta amince da tsarin da aka sanyawa guda ɗaya:
- Atripla - wanda ya ƙunshi tenofovir, emtricitabine, da efavirenz (amincewar 7/2006)
- Kammala - wanda ya ƙunshi tenofovir, emtricitabine, da rilpivirine (amincewa 8/2011)
- Stribild ("Quad") - wanda ya ƙunshi tenofovir, emtricitabine, elvitegravir, da cobicistat (amincewa 8/2012)
- Genvoya - wanda ya ƙunshi elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, da tenofovir alafenamide) (amincewar 11/5/15)
Kwancen kwayoyin guda daya ana iya sani da haɗin haɗin kai. Duk da haka, ba dukkanin haɗuwa-kashi haɗuwa su ne guda-kwaya tsarin. Wasu suna buƙatar amfani dashi tare da wasu kwayoyi.
Mene ne amfani da sau ɗaya a rana don maganin HIV?
Akwai wadata masu amfani da yawa ga tsarin kulawa guda-daya don maganin HIV. Abinda ya fi amfani da ita, ga marasa lafiya da masu samarwa, shi ne yadda sauƙaƙan waɗannan tsarin zasu dauki. Daya kwaya, sau ɗaya a rana, ya fi sauƙi ga mafi yawan marasa lafiya don kiyayewa fiye da kwayoyin kwayoyi.
Gaskiya ne ko da idan za a iya ɗaukan su a lokaci guda. Wannan yana nufin cewa marasa lafiyar kwayar cutar HIV suna iya ɗaukar kwayoyin maganin su gaba daya. A daidai dai, waɗannan kwayoyi zasu kasance mafi tasiri.
Wani amfani mai amfani shi ne cewa marasa lafiya suna iya ɗaukar takaddun su daidai da tsarin kwayoyin guda guda. Magunguna masu shan kwayoyi masu mahimmanci bazai damu da yawa idan sun fita daga cikin takaddun su, ko kuma idan ba za su iya biya su ba. Suna iya tunanin cewa suna "rufe" muddin suna ci gaba da daukar abu. Duk da haka, ana shirya takardun tsarin sharaɗɗa don haɗuwa.
Yin amfani da wannan tsarin ba daidai ba ƙara haɓakar rashin lalacewar rashin lafiya da kuma maganin hoto.
Ya bambanta, babban hasara na tsarin kwayar guda daya shine iyakar yawan zaɓuka. A halin yanzu akwai wasu ma'aurata biyu da suke samuwa a kasuwar, kuma kowannensu ya danganci haɗin tenofovir da emtricitabine wanda ake sayar da shi a matsayin Truvada. Saboda haka marasa lafiya da suke da matsala wajen jurewa ko dai daga cikin wadannan kwayoyi ba zasu iya canzawa zuwa kulawa ɗaya-kwamfutar hannu ba. Har ila yau, babu wata hanyar da likitoci za su daidaita maganin kwayoyin magunguna a cikin tsarin. Wadannan kwayoyin sunada sanannun haɗuwa da haɗin kai don dalili. Duk da yake suna iya aiki sosai ga marasa lafiya, wasu likitoci na iya samun rashin daidaituwa. Wannan na iya kasancewa musamman ga likitoci da suke ƙoƙarin gudanar da lalata da kuma sauran illa.
Ya kamata in yi magana da likita na game da tsarin komfuta guda ɗaya?
Idan kun kasance kwayar cutar HIV kuma kuna da matsala da ke bin tsarin kulawa na yanzu, to, a. Ya kamata ku yi la'akari da shawarar yin magana da likitanku game da ko wata rana, kwayar jigilar kwayar cutar zata zama mai kyau a gare ku. Duk wani abin da ya sa ya fi sauki a gare ku ya dauki magungun ku zai iya inganta tasiri.
Duk da haka, waɗannan kwayoyi ba su dace da kowa ba. Suna iya haifar da illa mai lalacewa wanda zai iya zama matsala ga wasu marasa lafiya. Suna kuma da tsada: a halin yanzu, akwai nau'o'in nau'ikan suna da aka samo, kuma jigilar jigilar ba za ta buga kasuwar ba har tsawon shekaru. Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da suke da tarihin kulawa mai nauyi, ko waɗanda suke maganin maganin, bazai yiwu ba su cancanci yin amfani da kwayoyin kwayoyin guda daya.
Ga mutanen da ke cikin farin ciki tare da maganin cutar HIV, sun rataye. Wadannan kwayoyi ba su isa ba wajen kyautatawa a kan wasu tsarin da za ku ji cewa akwai bukatar yin tsalle. Idan tsarinka na yanzu yana aiki da kyau, yana da mummunan haɗari, kuma kana jin dadin shan shi, wannan abu ne mai kyau. Ba wani mummunan ra'ayi ba ne don yin magana da likitanka game da ko kuna zama a kan maganin ku saboda rashin lafiya ko kuma saboda shine mafi kyawun zaɓi. Duk da haka, samun tattaunawa ba yana nufin dole ka canza ba.