Amfani, Dabaru, da Takaddun shaida
Sustiva (efavirenz) wata maganin da ke amfani da kwayar cutar HIV ne a cikin magunguna da yara.
An kira Sustiva a matsayin mai hana magungunan transcriptase na baya-bayan (NNRTI) kuma shi ma bangaren bangaren maganin magani na Atripla (tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz) wanda aka saba amfani dashi a cikin na farko a cikin Amurka.
An amince da Sustiva don amfani da US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 1998.
A Turai da kuma sauran sassa na duniya, ana sayar da miyagun ƙwayoyi a ƙarƙashin sunan kasuwanci, Stocrin.
Drug Formulation
Sustiva yana samuwa a cikin kwamfutar hannu 600mg. Fuskar launin rawaya, oblong shine fim mai rufi kuma an buga shi da lambar "SUSTIVA" a bangarorin biyu.
Sustiva kuma yana samuwa a cikin 200mg da 50mg nau'i na capsule. Gidaran 200mg sune launin zinariya ne a launi, an buga su tare da "SUSTIVA" a jikin jikin su da kuma "200 MG" a kan jirgin. Rigun jari 50mg na da zinari na zinariya da aka buga tare da "SUSTIVA" da kuma jikin fararen da aka buga tare da "t0 MG."
Dole ne a yi amfani da Sustiva ba tare da yin amfani da sauran kwayoyi masu maganin rigakafi ba .
Dosages
Ga tsofaffi, ɗauka kwamfutar hannu 600m kowace rana, dacewa kafin lokacin kwanta barci da kuma cikin komai a ciki. Addtionally:
- Idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da rifampin (wanda ake amfani dashi akai-akai wajen maganin tarin fuka-fuka), kara yawan sashi zuwa 800mg sau ɗaya kowace rana don marasa lafiya da ke kimanin 110 lbs (50kg).
- Idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da voriconazole (wani amfani da ake amfani dasu akai-akai don magance cututtuka masu haɗari da cutar HIV), kara yawan gyaran voriconazole zuwa 400mg sau biyu a kowace rana kuma rage Dattiva zuwa 300mg sau ɗaya kowace rana.
Ga yara kimanin shekaru uku da fiye da 7.7 lbs (35kg), rubuta su kamar haka:
- 7.7 lbs (3.5kg) zuwa kasa da 11 lbs (5kg): 100mg
- 11 lbs (5kg) zuwa kasa da 16.5 lbs (7.5kg): 150mg
- 16.5 lbs (7.5kg) zuwa kasa da 33 lbs (15kg): 200mg
- 33 lbs (15kg) zuwa kasa da 44 lbs (20kg): 250mg
- 44 lbs (20kg) zuwa kasa da 55 lbs (25kg): 300mg
- 55 lbs (25kg) zuwa kasa da 71.6 lbs (32.5kg): 350mg
- 71.6 lbs (32.5kg) zuwa kasa da 88lbs (40kg): 400mg
- 88 lbs (40kg) kuma a kan: 600mg
Sussuva capsules za a iya haɗiye dukan ko a matsayin sprinkles. Sustiva a cikin kwamfutar hannu, a gefe guda, ba za a yi ta takaici ba saboda wannan zai iya haifar da isasshen magani (ko yiwuwar overdosing) a cikin yara.
Hanyoyin Kasuwanci
Abubuwa masu rinjaye na yau da kullum da suka shafi Sustiva amfani (a cikin kashi 10% na lokuta ko žasa) sune:
- Rash
- Jiɗa
- Dizziness
- Ciwon kai
- Wulo
- Insomnia
- Vomiting
- Rashin hankali
- Upset ciki
- Abubuwa masu ban sha'awa, mafarkai masu haske
- Diarrhea
- Dama
- Nervousness / damuwa
Yawancin cututtuka sun kasance masu tsayuwa, sau da yawa suna warware kansu a cikin makonni da dama zuwa wata. Wasu tsarin kulawa mai zurfi na da karfi (rashin hankali, maida hankali) yana iya ragewa ta hanyar shan Sustiva kafin kwanta barci.
Sustiva-Associated Skin Rashes
A cikin nazarin asibitoci, kashi 26 cikin 100 na marasa lafiya da aka saba wa Sustiva sun sami ragowar ƙuƙwalwar fata, kodayake mafi yawan sun kasance marasa sauƙi a matsananciyar wuya kuma yawanci suna bayyana a farkon makonni biyu na farawa.
Idan kun ci gaba da raguwa nan da nan bayan da ya fara Sustiva, tuntuɓi likitan ku ko likita. A wasu lokuta da yawa (kasa da 1% na lokuta), rash zai iya zama mai tsanani, yana nunawa da zazzaɓi da ƙuƙwalwa, yana nuna alamar ƙwaƙwalwar jikin jiki wanda ake kira Stevens-Johnson, wadda ke buƙatar ba kawai ƙarewa ba amma magani na gaggawa hankali.
A duk sauran lokuta, raguwa zai fi dacewa da kansa ba tare da dakatar da magani ba.
Contraindications
Dole ne a taba amfani da Sustiva tare da wasu masu hana kwakwalwa daga cikin wadanda basu da magungunan ƙwayar cuta: Mai jagorantar (rilpivirine), Haɗin kai (etravirine), Rescriptor (delavirdine), ko Viramune (nevirapine).
Yi haƙuri tare da maganin cututtuka na baya-bayan nan ga Sustiva-ciki har da ciwo na Stevens-Johnson ( duba sama ) ko cututtuka na fata mai haɗari - kada a sake yin amfani da wannan magani ko kuma aka umurce Atripla, tsari mai maganin maganin maganin maganin maganin magani wanda ya haɗa da Sustiva.
Har ila yau, ba a bayar da shawarar Sustiva ba a lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi tare da kwayoyin cutar hepatitis C (HCV) Victrelis (boceprevir) da kuma Olysio (simeprevir) saboda rashin asarar maganin warkewa na wadannan HCV antivirals.
Ra'ayin Nazarin
Sustiva an hade da mahaukaciyar tayi a cikin yawan nazarin dabba. Yayin da har yanzu akwai gardama game da ko Sustiva yana da haɗarin gaske a cikin mutum, an bada shawarar cewa a guje wa Sustiva a lokacin daukar ciki, musamman a farkon farkon shekaru uku. Ana kuma umarci mahaifiyata kada suyi nono yayin shan Sustiva.
Sources:
Cibiyar Abinci da Druggun Amurka (FDA). "Drug Approval Package - Sustiva (evivirenz) 50mg, 100mg, 200mg capsules." Silver Spring, Maryland; bayar da Satumba 21, 1998.