Medicare shine tsarin biya daya amma yana da isa?
Duk wanda ya yi imanin tsarin kiwon lafiyar Amurka shine mafi kyau a duniya yana cikin mamaki. Gaskiyar ita ce, Amurka tana ciyar da mafi yawan kiwon lafiya ta kowace shekara, amma yana da mafi mahimmanci sakamakon kiwon lafiya.
Binciken da Cibiyar Commonwealth ta yi ta yi la'akari da kasashe 11 da suka ci gaba. An tattara bayanai a cikin sassa biyar: 1) tsarin kulawa (kulawa da kariya, kulawa mai kulawa, kulawa mai kulawa, da haɗakar haƙuri), 2) dacewar tafiyar da aiki, 3) samun dama (iyawa da kwanciyar hankali), 4) ãdalci ga mutane a fadin ƙasa- -an samu, da kuma 5) sakamakon kiwon lafiya (lafiyar jama'a, mace-mace da ke iya kula da lafiyar jiki, da kuma sakamakon kiwon lafiya).
Abin takaici shine, Amurka ta tsara 10th don yadda za a iya gudanar da aiki da 11th don samun damar, daidaitaccen, da kuma sakamakon kiwon lafiya.
Kasashen da suka kasance a sama da Amurka a kan jerin suna da abu guda ɗaya - na kiwon lafiya na duniya . Tambayar ita ce, ko {asar Amirka ta bi a wa] annan matakai.
Medicare a matsayin Kayan Biyan Kuɗi
A lokacin yakin neman zabe na shekara ta 2016, tsohon Sakatariyar Gwamnati Hillary Clinton ya bayyana cewa, Medicare wani tsarin kudi guda ne. Menene wancan yake nufi?
Shirin mai biya guda ɗaya ɗaya ne inda wani mahaluži, yawanci gwamnati, ke kulawa da kuma biyan kuɗin lafiyarku. "Mai karɓar haraji" sau da yawa yana musayar tare da kalmar "kiwon lafiya na duniya" a cikin layi, duk da cewa ba daidai ba ne kuma guda ɗaya.
A Amurka, Medicare ya kasance tsarin kiwon lafiyar da muke kallon yayin da muke girma. Yana da tsarin biya guda daya domin gwamnati ta ba da kudin kiwon lafiya ta hanyar harajin da muke biya a cikinta .
Wannan ya ce, ba kiwon lafiya ba ne a duniya saboda ba ya rufe kowa. Maimakon haka, an iyakance shi ne ga mutane masu shekaru 65 da tsufa ko wa anda ke da nakasa .
Tricker mai yiwuwa shine yayin yayin da Medicare ya fara zama tsarin gaskiya guda ɗaya, ya samo asali a cikin wani abu mafi girman jari.
Gwamnatin tarayya ta kafa ka'idojin abin da dole ne a rufe amma mutane za su iya zabar shiga don shirin na Medicare Advantage , gudanar da kamfanonin inshora masu zaman kansu, maimakon tsayayya da al'adun gargajiyar Medicare, wanda gwamnati ta gudanar.
Medicare ga All vs. Medicare don Ƙari
Za a iya fadada asibiti da kuma samuwa ga dukan jama'ar Amirka. Ta wannan hanyar, Medicare zai iya zama kiwon lafiya na duniya. Irin wannan shirin ne Senator Bernie Sanders na Vermont ya amince da shi kuma ya zama sanannun Medicare ga Duk.
A lokacin da ta nemi shugabancin shekarar 2016, tsohon Sakatariyar Hillary Clinton ya ba da shawarar "Medicare for More" a matsayin hanyar fadada Madica. Maimakon Medicare ga Duk, ta ba da shawarar rage yawan shekarun shekarun haihuwa Medicare daga shekara 65 zuwa 50.
Yaya wannan zai taimaka?
Mutane a cikin wannan rukuni suna da yawancin likita kuma wasu yanayin likita suna nufin karin kayan kiwon lafiya. Akalla kashi 87 cikin 100 na jama'ar Amurka waɗanda shekarun 65 zuwa 74 sun kasance a kalla wata matsalar lafiya ta kullum. Lambar ya karu zuwa kashi 92 cikin dari na wadanda shekarun 75 suka tsufa. Lambobin sun ragu zuwa kashi 72 cikin 100 idan muka dubi matasa masu shekaru 50 zuwa 64, ba a halin yanzu Medicare ya rufe su ba.
Da zarar wani ya sadu da ka'idojin cancanta ga Medicare, sai su fara biya biyan kuɗi na wata don maganin likita.
An sanya wannan kuɗin a cikin wani tafkin kuma ana amfani da su don biyan ayyukan ga duk masu cin moriya. Idan ƙuruciya, an ba da Amurkan lafiya mafi kyau a wannan ɗakin, to, wani abu mai ban sha'awa zai faru da Medicare kamar yadda muka sani a yau. Za a sami karin kuɗi don raba. Ko da yake akwai mutane da yawa a cikin tafkin, akwai ƙananan adadi na yanayin likita don magance. Wannan zai iya ƙara ƙarin shekarun ajiyar kuɗi zuwa Asusun Asusun Medicare Trust .
Abubuwan da ke Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya
Gaskiyar ita ce halin kaka na kiwon lafiya ya karu sosai a cikin shekaru, ba saboda karuwar farashi ba ko fasahar likita mai tsanani amma saboda babban kasuwanci da jari-hujja.
Muddin kamfanonin inshora masu zaman kansu da kamfanoni na kamfanoni suna riƙe da igiya na jakar kuɗi, farashin kiwon lafiya zai ci gaba da tashi. Shirin mai biyan kuɗi zai kawar da kullun da ake dasu don kulawa da lafiyar amma abin da ya bayar?
Kowane mutum zai sami damar daidaitawa ba tare da la'akari da shekaru, samun kudin shiga, ko iyawa ba. Har ila yau, ba za ku sake samun likita a "hanyar sadarwar ku" ba saboda duk likitoci zasu kasance a cikin hanyar sadarwarku. Kuskuren da masu rarraba zasu tafi.
Wani bincike na ƙasa daga Cibiyar Nazarin Pew a 2017 ya nuna cewa kashi 66 cikin dari na jama'ar Amirka sun yi imanin cewa, gwamnati ta tabbatar da samun damar samun lafiyar jiki kuma kashi 33 cikin dari na jin cewa tsarin tsarar kudi ɗaya ne mafi kyawun hanya.
Ma'aikatar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya
Kari da ƙananan kuɗi ba nau'i ne kawai na kiwon lafiyar duniya ba. Amirkawa ba wai kawai suna buƙatar la'akari da yiwuwar karuwa da haraji da zasu biya ba, har ma yadda yadda duniya ke ɗaukar nauyin kulawa da suka samu. Lokaci jira don masu ba da tallafi ba zasu dade ba. Tare da yawan mutane a cikin tsarin, samun dama ga likitan likita zasu iya rinjayar da sauran jirage. Wasu mutane na iya canzawa likitoci don samun damar kulawa da rashin kulawa a cikin lokaci mai dacewa.
Lokaci jira a kasashen da ke kula da lafiyar duniya na iya zama dogon lokaci. A Danemark, lokaci mai mahimmanci don samo cataract tiyata bayan yanke shawarar da za a bi da ita shine kwanaki 112. Mai yiwuwa ba za ku iya samun sauyawa na hip a Ingila na kwanaki 78 ba. Harkokin gwaji a Ireland ko Norway zasu bar ku jiran kwanaki 75. Wancan ya ce, an ba da amsa gaggawa a gaggawa. Babu jinkiri a kula lokacin da kake buƙatar gaske.
A cikin dogon lokaci, Amurka za ta iya ajiyewa a duk farashin da kuma inganta sakamakon kiwon lafiyar a karkashin tsarin duniya, amma shin Amirkawa na da hakuri don jirage su?
Kalma daga
Cibiyar kiwon lafiyar Amurka tana da zabi ta yi. Zai iya inganta a kan tsarin sa na guda ɗaya na Medicare, yana iya kaiwa ga mafi yawan Amirkawa. A madadin haka, zai iya bi hanyar zuwa kiwon lafiya na duniya da yawancin ƙasashe masu tasowa sun nuna cewa sun kasance mai karfin gaske kuma yana da kyau tare da sakamakon lafiya mafi kyau. Kasancewa na sha ɗaya mafi kyau a cikin kiwon lafiya a dukan duniya bai dace ba. Amirka ya fi dacewa.
> Sources:
> Haruna HJ. Wanne Hanyar zuwa Kasuwancin Kasuwanci? N Engl J Med. 2017 Dec 7; 377 (23): 2207-2209. Doi: 10.1056 / NEJMp1713346.
> Yanayin yanayi a tsakanin tsofaffin 'yan Amirka. AARP yanar gizon. http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/health/beyond_50_hcr_conditions.pdf.
> Kiley J. Public Support for 'Single Payer' Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Lafiya ta Karu, Ƙaddamar da Democrat. Cibiyar Nazarin Pew. http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/06/23/public-support-for-single-payer-health-coverage-grows-driven-by-democrats/. An buga Yuni 23, 2017.
> Schneider EC, Sarnak DO, Squires D, Shah A, Doty MM. Mirror, Mirror 2017: Ƙarƙwarar Ƙasa ta Duniya tana nuna alamu da kuma damar da za a inganta kula da lafiyar lafiyar Amurka. Asusun Commonwealth. http://www.commonwealthfund.org/interactives/2017/july/mirror-mirror/. An buga Yuli 2017.
> Viberg N, Forsberg BC, Borowitz M, da kuma Molin R. Ƙarƙwarar Ƙarƙwarar Lafiya ga lafiyar lafiyar - Ƙididdiga da Dalili. Dokar kiwon lafiya . Satumba 2013; 112 (1-2): 53-61. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.06.01