Ana amfani dasu masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi (IDUs) a matsayin rukuni a haɗarin haɗari ga sayen HIV . Wannan gaskiya ne a wasu sassa na Yammacin Turai da kuma Asiya ta Tsakiya inda magungunan magunguna sun ci gaba da kasancewa babbar hanya ta watsawa, kimanin kusan kashi 70% na cututtuka na HIV.
Yawancin lokaci, zamu saba yin amfani da maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi tare da kwayoyi marasa amfani irin su heroin ko haɗin heroin da cocaine ("speedballing").
Kuma yayin da wadannan ke ci gaba da kasancewa da kwayoyi masu amfani da kwayar cutar da kwayoyin cutar ta HIV ke amfani da su, sun kasance game da ƙaura a yanayin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
A cewar rahoto na 2013 game da Ingila na Lafiya ta Jama'a (PHE), yin amfani da kwayoyin magungunan, da hotuna da kuma yin amfani da kayan aiki (IPEDs) kamar magungunan anabolic steroid da ciwon hawan mutum (HGH) sun tashi, tare da hadarin HIV daidai da abin da masu amfani da heroin suke raba su.
A gaskiya, a wasu sassa na Birtaniya, masu amfani da IPED sun wakilci ɗayan, mafi yawan rukuni na mutane da ke samun shirye-shiryen musayar canji, tare da kusan ɗaya daga cikin 10 da suka kamu da cutar HIV , da ciwon haifa B (HBV) , ko hepatitis C (HCV) . Rahoton ya kuma bayyana wani abin mamaki, karuwar sau uku a cikin amfani da amphetamines injectable (ciki har da methamphetamine crystal da mephedrone) tsakanin masu amfani da IPED.
Yawan shekarun da aka yi nazarin binciken ya kasance shekaru 28, da 36% ya ruwaito cewa sun dauki magungunan anabolic steroid a tsawon shekaru biyar ko fiye.
Yawanci, kimanin kashi 18 cikin dari sun ruwaito ko dai suna raba wani allura ko sirinji, rarraba magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi, ko duka biyu lokacin daukar IPED.
HIV da Anabolic Steroid Amfani
Kodayake muna danganta magungunan anabolic steroids tare da masu kwarewa da masu wasan kwaikwayon wasan kwaikwayo, ana iya amfani da su don magance yawan halayen HIV. Ana nuna magungunan maganin jiji na anabolic a wasu lokuta ga mutanen da suka shawo kan cutar saboda cutar HIV ko hasara mai tsoka mai tsanani saboda sakamakon lipodystrophy (wani lokacin sake satar jikin jiki).
Anyi amfani da matakan maye gurbin Testosterone a cikin kwayar cutar maza da mata a cikin kwayar cutar HIV wadda ta sami mummunan matakan testosterone ( hypogonadism ).
Duk da yake ana iya samun ire-iren injectable daga cikin wadannan kwayoyi-ciki har da magungunan magungunan, magungunan transdermal, da kuma magungunan ƙwayoyin magunguna wadanda aka tsara su a cikin tsarin likita.
Yana waje a wannan mahallin, a cikin yanayin hoto da haɓaka aikin, ana ganin cutar HIV ta kara. A yau an ruwaito cewa a cikin Ingila da Wales, yankin da aka mayar da nazarin shirin na PHE, a ko'ina daga 37,000 zuwa 82,000 mutane ana kiyasta cewa sunyi amfani da kwayoyin cutar anabolic a cikin shekara guda.
Maganin Anabolic da Amphetamines
Daga cikin masu amfani da IPED a cikin binciken, an yi amfani da amfani da amphetamines injectable musamman a tsakanin maza da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM) . Bisa ga binciken, daya daga cikin mahalarta hudu ya ruwaito yada kwayoyi masu kwakwalwa, wanda kashi 25 cikin dari ya raba maciji ko sirinji.
Yawancin lokaci an tabbatar da cewa amfani da amphetamines injectable (wani aiki da ake kira "slamming") na iya kara yawan yiwuwar cutar HIV - kuma ba kawai lokacin da aka raba maciji ba. Rashin haɗarin jima'i da aka sani shine kara karuwa a ƙarƙashin rinjayar crystal methamphetamine da kuma irin kwayoyi masu kama da juna.
Duk da yake wannan zai iya bayanin wasu kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV a tsakanin mahalarta nazarin, yawanci kawai kashi 5% ya ruwaito cewa injected kwayoyi masu kwakwalwa ne kawai kuma kashi 9 cikin 100 ne kawai suka raba asibiti. Saboda haka, yayinda amfani da amphetamine wanda zai iya kara yawan haɗarin watsawa a kan kowane mutum, ba a la'akari da yawan ƙwayar cutar HIV / HBV / HCV da aka gani a tsakanin masu amfani da IPED.
Yadda za a rage Riskar Hadin
Ɗaya daga cikin matakai mafi muhimmanci wajen rage haɗarin cutar HIV a cikin masu amfani da IPED ita ce ta farko da sanin cewa amfani da kwayoyin halitta anabolic injectable, HGH, testosterone, ko gonadotropin na dan Adam yana dauke da irin wannan hadari kamar kowane magungunan injectable.
Saboda haka, ana amfani da wannan dokoki lokacin da rage halayen haɗari, wato:
- Kada ku raba buƙatun ko sintiri, kuma kauce wa rabawa wani IPED vial tsakanin masu amfani da yawa.
- Samun dama ga shirin musayar magunguna don tabbatar da cewa akwai buƙatun ƙwararru ko sigina.
- Idan ka samu kanka a cikin wani yanayi inda ake rabawa kogi ko kuma sake amfani dashi, yi la'akari da kyau don tabbatar da cewa an wanke su tsakanin amfani.
- Ka guji yin amfani da IPED yayin da kake shawo kan barasa, magunguna ko duk wani abu da zai iya rinjayar shari'arka. Nemo magani mai dacewa a yayin da ake amfani da giya ko zalunci.
- Idan ka raba buƙatun da kuma tsoron kana iya bayyanar da kwayar cutar ta HIV, je gidan likitanka mafi kusa ko gidan gaggawa ba tare da bata lokaci ba don samun damar gabatarwa da jini (PrEP ), wanda aka sani ya rage yiwuwar cutar HIV.
Kuma a ƙarshe, tuna cewa kwayar cutar HIV ba shine kawai damuwa ba dangane da amfani da IPED. Yin amfani da jigilar steroid da kuma testosterone mai tsawo zai iya haifar da matsalolin hanta mai tsanani, ciki har da cirrhosis da ciwon daji. Mutuwar jiki, tsararru namiji, gyaran kafa mai kwakwalwa, zubar da jima'i, kara girman karuwanci, ƙarawar ƙwararriya, da kuma "tsokanar fushi" (matsananciyar zalunci da damuwa) ma an lura.
Source:
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Gidan gidan. "Jagoran Mai Amfani ga Mutuwar Magunguna: Nemo daga binciken Crime na Ingila da Wales." London, Ingila; Yuli 25, 2013.
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