Genetics suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sauraron lalacewa da kurari a cikin jarirai da tsofaffi. Kimanin 60 zuwa 80 bisa dari na deafening a jarirai (tsararru na jiki) za a iya dangana ga wasu irin yanayin kwayoyin.
Haka kuma zai yiwu a sami haɗuwa da lalacewa na jijiyar jiki da kuma samun asarar sauraro. Bayanin sauraron da aka samu shi ne lalacewa na sauraron da ya faru saboda matsalar muhalli irin su maganin illa na shan magani ko tasiri ga magunguna ko murya mai ƙarfi.
Harkokin Halitta na Halitta Wannan Ya sa Sakamakon Gano
Ba duk wani asarar da aka ji ba shine kwayoyin halitta, kuma ba dukkanin abin da ya faru ba kamar yadda aka samu a lokacin haihuwa. Duk da yake yawancin asarar hasara ba a hade da wani ciwo ba, yawancin cututtuka na kwayoyin (yiwuwar fiye da 300) suna haɗuwa da lalacewar sauraron jin ciki, ciki har da:
- Alport Syndrome-halin da raunin kididdigar da rashin jin dadin jin dadi.
- Rashin lafiya na Branio-Oto-Renal
- X-linked Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) - yana haifar da kwayoyin neuropathy, matsaloli a ƙafafu, da kuma yanayin da ake kira "Gummar jariri."
- Ƙararren Goldenhar ta haɓaka ta hanyar bunkasa kunne, hanci, mai laushi, da kuma abin da ya dace. Wannan na iya rinjayar kawai gefen fuska, kuma kunne zai iya bayyana a ɓangare.
- Jervell da Lange-Nielsen Syndrome - Baya ga asarar abin da ake ji dasu, wannan yanayin kuma yana haifar da arrhythmias cardiac da kuma raguwa.
- Magani-Tranebjaerg Syndrome (DFN-1) -Sis ciwo yana haifar da asarar rayuka na jijiyoyin da ke farawa a cikin yara (yawanci bayan yaron ya koyi yadda za a yi magana) kuma yana ci gaba da muni. Har ila yau, yana haifar da matsalolin motsi (haɓaka ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar tsoka) da kuma wahalar haɗuwa da sauran alamomi.
- Norrie Cutar-wannan ciwo yana haifar da matsaloli tare da gani da damuwa.
- Sashin ciwo na ciwo na ciwo yana haifar da asarar jijiyar jiji a cikin kunnuwan tare da matsalolin thyroid (goiter).
- Ƙungiyar ciwon ƙwayar cuta ta ƙwayar cuta tana da wasu halaye dabam-dabam banda gajiyar ji. Wadannan zasu iya haɗawa da lakabi da laushi, matsalolin ido (ko da makanta), haɗin gwiwa ko wasu abubuwan haɗin gwiwar, da kuma wasu alamomin fuskar mutum.
- Treacher Collins Syndrome - wannan ciwo yana haifar da ci gaba da ƙashin ƙasusuwan a fuska. Kowane mutum na iya zama halayen halayen fuskar mutum, ciki har da fatar ido wanda ke nunawa a ƙasa da ƙananan ido.
- Waardenburg Syndrome-Bugu da ƙari, jijiyar haɗuwa wannan ciwo zai iya haifar da matsalolin ido da abubuwan rashin haɓaka a pigment (launi) na gashi da idanu.
- Usher Syndrome - zai iya haifar da lalacewa ta ji da kuma matsalolin haɓaka (rashin hankali da hasara).
Ƙananan abubuwan da ba a haifa ba ne na kwayoyin jiyya
Lokacin da asarar hasara ta rashin haɗuwa da wasu matsalolin lafiya na musamman an kira shi ba marasa lafiya ba. Yawancin asarar rayukan kwayoyin halitta sun shiga cikin wannan rukuni.
Bacewar rashin jiɓin marasa ciwo na al'ada ne yawanci yakan haifar da kwayoyin da suke kwance.
Wannan yana nufin cewa idan iyaye ɗaya sun wuce jigon da aka haɗu da hasara na ji, ba za a bayyana ko ba zai faru a cikin yaro ba. Dole biyu iyaye suna buƙatar wucewa ga ɗan yaron don sauraron sauraron ya kasance.
Yayinda ake sauraron hasara da aka danganta da ragowar ƙwayar halitta zai zama abin da ba zai yiwu ba, kimanin 70 daga cikin 100 lokuta na sauraron sauraron marasa lafiya ne kuma 80 daga cikin 100 daga cikin wadanda ke da lalacewa na jin labarin da aka haifar da kwayoyin halitta. Sauran kashi 20 cikin dari na faruwa ne sakamakon sakamakon jinsin halittar, wanda kawai yake buƙatar jigilar mutum daga iyaye ɗaya.
Ta Yaya Masu Taimakon Nawa Suna Labarin Ƙarshen Halitta na Ganin Rushewar Ji?
Idan kuna nazarin bayanin likitan ku, za ku iya samun acronyms da ba ku fahimta ba.
Ga bayanin bayani game da yadda za'a rasa lalacewa ta asarar rashin lafiya a likita:
- mai suna da cuta
- ___-related deafness (inda ___ ne gene haifar da deafness)
- wanda ake kira ta wurin jinsin
- DFN yana nufin muryar
- A yana nufin autosomal rinjaye
- B yana nufin saɓo maras kyau
- X yana nufin haɗin X (aka ba shi ta hanyar iyayen X-chromosome)
- lamba yana wakiltar tsari na mahaifa lokacin da aka tsara ko aka gano
Alal misali, idan cutar ta ji shi ta musamman ta hanyar likitan ku, za ku iya ganin wani abu da ya dace da muryar OTOF. Wannan yana nufin cewa OTOF ya haifar da matsalar jin ku. Duk da haka, idan likita ya yi amfani da jigon jini don bayyana lafiyar ji, zaku ga haɗin abubuwan da aka lissafa a sama, kamar DFNA3. Wannan yana nufin cewa kursiyance wani nau'i ne mai rinjaye wanda yake da tsari na 3 na taswirar jinsi. DFNA3 ana kiransa mai haɗari 26 da ake danganta .
Ta yaya za a iya gano kwayar cutar jin dadi?
Gano ma'anar kwayoyin halitta, wanda likitocin likita kamar yadda ilimin halitta ya kira , yana iya zama takaici sosai. Don taimakawa rage ƙalubalen da aka gano akan hanyar, dole ne ka sami tsarin kulawa da kungiya. Ya kamata ƙungiya ta kunshi wani malami, mai sauraron ilimin murya, magungunan halitta, da kuma mai ba da shawara ga halittu. Wannan yana kama da babbar ƙungiya, duk da haka tare da fiye da nau'i-nau'in kwayoyin halitta wanda zai iya haifar da asarar sauraro, kuna so ku rage yawan gwaji idan an buƙaci.
Kwararren likitanku , ko ENT, na iya zama likita na farko da kuke gani a kokarin ƙoƙarin sanin abin da ya faru na asarar rayukan kwayoyin halitta. Za su yi cikakken tarihin, kammala nazari na jiki, kuma idan ya cancanta ka mayar da kai ga likitan jijiyoyin don aikin fasaha mai kyau.
Sauran aikin lab na iya haɗawa da toxoplasmosis da cytomegalovirus, saboda waɗannan cututtuka ne wadanda ke iya haifar da hasara a cikin yara. A wannan batu, ƙwayar cuta na kowa na haifar da asarar labari zai iya ganewa kuma ana iya kiranka ga wani kwayoyin halitta don gwada kwayoyin da ke da alaƙa da ciwo.
Da zarar an gano ko kuma an kawar da ciwo na al'ada na kowa, ENT zai ba da shawarar ku ga wani dan jari-hujja da kuma mai ba da shawara na kodayake. Idan akwai yiwuwar bambancin kwayoyin da ake zargi da laifi, gwaji za a iyakance ga waɗannan kwayoyin. Idan babu wani bambancin kwayar halitta, to sai dan jariri zai tattauna abin da za a yi la'akari da mafi kyawun gwaji.
Kwanan ku zai karbi bayanan daga nazarin ilimin bidiyo don taimakawa wajen fitar da wasu gwaji. Suna iya umurni wasu gwaje-gwaje kamar electrocardiogram (ECG ko EKG) don duba kullun zuciyarka, wanda zai taimaka wajen rage abin da suke gwadawa. Makasudin shine ga mai binciken kwayoyin halitta don kara yawan amfanin gwaji kafin yin gwajin gwaje-gwaje wanda zai iya zama ɓata lokaci, ƙoƙari, da albarkatu.
> Sources:
> Cikakken Bincike. Shafin yanar gizon Harkokin Bincike na Amirka. http://american-hearing.org/disorders/congenital-deafness/. Updated Maris 2017. An shiga Satumba 30, 2017.
> Yanayin Halitta da Riga. Cibiyar Nazarin Harkokin Otolaryngology ta Amirka - Harkokin Hoto da Hoto na Abubuwa. http://www.entnet.org/content/genes-and-hearing-loss. Samun shiga Satumba 30, 2017.
> Nazarin Halitta a Ƙarar Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarfafa: Bincike da Nazari. Yanar gizo na Intanet. https://www.audiologyonline.com/articles/genetic-testing-in-childhood-hearing-820. Yuli 18, 2011. Samun dama ga Satumba 30, 2017.
> Shearer AE, Hildebrand MS, Smith RJH. Abinda ke sauraron sauraro da kuma saurare. 1999 Fab 14 [Updated 2017 Jul 27]. A: Pagon RA, Adam MP, Ardinger HH, et al., Masu gyara. GeneReviews® [Intanit]. Seattle (WA): Jami'ar Washington, Seattle; 1993-2017. Ya samuwa daga: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1434/