Kimanin mutane miliyan 48 a Amurka suna bayar da rahoto game da rashin jin dadi . Halinka na fuskantar wahalar hasara yana ƙaruwa sosai kamar yadda kake da shekaru. Rashin murya a tsofaffi kuma ya dace daidai da bayyanar cututtuka irin su damuwa da rabuwar zamantakewa. Nazarin kuma sun nuna cewa zai iya haifar da rage yawan bashin ga wadanda ke aiki.
Akwai wani abu da za ku iya yi don hana wannan? Kuna iya mamakin sanin cewa kare jinka a yanzu zai iya zuwa hanya mai tsawo zuwa mafi alhẽri daga saurare daga baya a rayuwa. Ƙaramin ku ne lokacin da kuka fara samo matakai don hana hasara mai karɓa mafi kyau sakamakon ku zai kasance-duk da cewa ba ku da tsufa don kare jinku.
Louise Noises
Maimaita ƙararrawa zuwa murya mai ƙarfi (koda muryar ba ta da alama da ƙarfi a gare ku a wannan lokacin) zai iya lalata kwayoyin gashi a kunnen ku. Abin takaici, waɗannan kwayoyin ba su sake farfadowa, ma'ana cewa duk wani lalacewar yana da dindindin. Rashin muryar haɗari marar ƙari shine ɗaya daga cikin nau'in saurare na yau da kullum a cikin Amurka, kuma kashi 100 cikin dari zai hana. Mutane da yawa ana nuna su ne ga murya mai ƙarfi akai-akai a matsayin wani ɓangare na sana'a. Alal misali, waɗanda suke aiki a cikin gini ko da kayan aiki masu nauyi suna iya bayyanawa da murya mai ƙarfi a kowace rana.
Idan ba a dauki matakai don kare ji ba, a tsawon lokaci wannan zai haifar da asarar sauraro. Ko da idan ba a bayyana ka da murya mai ƙarfi kamar wani ɓangare na sana'arka, sauraron kiɗan murya ko koda karamin lawn na iya lalata ƙwayoyin musamman a cikin kunnenka. Akwai dalilai guda biyu da zasu ƙayyade ko an ji ainihin lokacin da yazo da mota.
Ɗaya shine muryar murya mai ƙarfi (a cikin decibels) kuma sauran factor shine tsawon lokacin da kake nunawa a wannan motsi. Yawancin masana likitoci sun yarda cewa murmushi fiye da 80 decibels suna da ƙarfi sosai don lalata sauraron ku, amma ta yaya kuka san yawancin decibels a sauti? Yawancinmu ba su da masaniyar yin la'akari da yadda wasu sauti suke da ƙarfi, don haka ya ba ku ra'ayin yadda 80 decibels ya kasance, a nan ne jerin wasu sauti na kowa da kimanin iyakacin decibel na kowane:
- maganganu na al'ada, da tasafa, da kayan wanke tufafi (60-65 dB)
- wani titin mai aiki, mai tsabta mai tsabta, agogon ƙararrawa, ƙwararru mai laushi (70-85 dB)
- busa bushewa, blender, mai sarrafa abinci (80-90 dB)
- hannun rawar soja, snowblower, sarkar saw (100-110 dB)
- matsakaicin iyakacin 'yan wasan kiɗa (112 dB)
- siren, jet shan kashe, dutsen gargajiya rock (120 dB)
- jackhammer (130 dB)
- gun bindiga (140 dB)
- wuta, a nesa kimanin 3 feet (150 dB)
Akwai kuma apps da za ku iya amfani dasu wanda zai kiyasta decibels na wani sauti.
Bi wadannan shawarwari don hana ƙwaƙwalwar muryar motsa jiki:
- Gyara kariya na kunne (kunnen kunne ko ƙananan kunne lokacin amfani da kayan aiki mai ƙarfi, je zuwa tarin fuska, ko kuma lokacin da kake cikin kowane wuri tare da matakan ƙararrawa. Ta amfani da earplugs a wani wasan kwaikwayo na iya rage ƙarar ta kamar 35 dB.
- Kunna ƙarar a kan talabijin, radiyo, da na'urorin kiɗa na sirri.
- Rage yawan lokacin da kuka ciyar sauraron murya mai ƙarfi.
- Yi izinin kunnuwa don ku hutawa bayan an bayyana ku da murya mai ƙarfi. Kowane sa'o'i biyu da kuke ciyarwa a wani wasan kwaikwayo ko kuma a kulob din tare da karar murya ya kamata ku ciyar kimanin awa 16 da sake dawowa a cikin yanayi mai tsabta.
Magunguna
Kuna iya mamakin sanin cewa wasu magunguna, ko ma magunguna da suke samuwa a kan-da-counter, zasu iya taimakawa wajen sauraron hasara. Wadannan magunguna an ce su zama masu guba (ma'anar zasu iya zama mai guba ga kunnuwa). Rashin jijiyar da aka samu ta hanyar kwayoyi masu guba na iya zama na wucin gadi ko kuma mai yiwuwa.
Mafi kyawun ku don ragewa ko juyawar lalacewar da wadannan magunguna ke haifarwa shine ta san cewa kana shan magani mai guba kuma sanin sakamakon da zai iya haifar da lalacewar kunnuwanka. Ga jerin sunayen wasu magungunan da suka fi dacewa da su wanda zai iya zama mai guba, (wannan jerin ba shi da kowa ba, tun da akwai kwayoyi 200 da zasu iya lalata jinka):
- aspirin, ibuprofen, ko naproxen
- maganin maganin rigakafi ciki har da aminoglycosides, quinolones, da macrolides (gentamycin, alal misali, sananne ne don kasancewa mai guba), kuma tetracycline da vancomycin
- anti-maganin ciwon daji irin su cisplatin, vinblastine
- magunguna da aka yi amfani da su wajen sarrafa jini ciki har da diuretics, beta blockers (metoprolol), da kuma mai gabatarwa na ACE Ramipril
- Sodium valproate
- Amphotericin
- Ganciclovir
- Shigarwa
- Tacrolimus
- Hydroxychloroquine
- Acetazolamide
Idan kayi kwarewa yayin da kake shan sabon magani, musamman ma idan aka san magani ana zama mai tsami, ya kamata ka kira likitanka a nan gaba don rage duk wani mummunar cutar da ka ji:
- tinnitus (sauti a kunne)
- maganganun fahimtar wahalar
- asarar rashin daidaito ko rashin hankali
Tsayar da Rubucewar Lafiya a Yararka ko Teen
Halin yara masu yawa a Amurka (kimanin kashi 15 cikin 100) sun riga sun sami wani nau'i na jiran hasara lokacin da suke da shekaru 6 zuwa 19. Samun matakai don hana hasara a lokacin tsufa na iya zuwa hanya mai tsawo don kare ikon yaron ku ji yayin da suka tsufa. A matsayinka na iyaye, kiyaye waɗannan matakai don kare ɗanka ko sauraron kunnuwan:
- Sayi na'urori masu sauraro da kunnen kunne waɗanda suke da ƙananan ƙarar-mafi yawan sababbin kayan lantarki.
- Idan za ta iya iyakance adadin lokacin da an yarda da yaron sauraron kiɗa mai ƙarfi.
- Sauya talabijin žasa-ko suna kallon fim ko wasa wani bidiyon wasanni na lantarki, sauraron talabijin da ƙarfi zai yi karin lalacewa ga kunnuwan ku fiye da zama kusa da allon zai kasance a idanunsu.
- Yi aiki tare da likitancinku kuma (idan ya cancanta) kunnen kunne, hanci, da maƙara don magance matsalolin kunne, irin su ruwa a kunnen ko kunnen kunne kunnen lokaci.
- Idan yaro ba sa yin nazarin lokuta a makarantar su, yi alƙawari tare da mai sauraro don yin haka a kowace shekara.
- Idan yarinyarka ya yi aiki, kamar lalata katako, tabbatar da cewa suna da kunnuwan kunne ko ƙananan kunne.
Sources:
Turare 10 mafi kyau don kare jinka. NHS Choices. An sabunta: Janairu 2015. http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/hearing-problems/Pages/tips-to-protect-hearing.aspx
Rigakafin Rushewar Ji. Ƙungiyar Rashin Ƙarancin Rigar Amurka. > http://www.hearingloss.org/content/prevention-hearing-loss
> Fahimman Bayanai Game da Rushewar Magana. Ƙungiyar Rashin Ƙarancin Rigar Amurka. http://www.hearingloss.org/content/basic-facts-about-hearing-loss
> Magungunan Ototoxic (Hanyoyin Moto). Ƙungiyar Bayar da Harshe ta Harshen Harshen Harshen Harshen Amurka. http://www.asha.org/public/hearing/Ototoxic-Medications/
> Bayani: Abinda ke ɓoye. Shafin yanar gizon NCBI. Updated Fabrairu 2011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138949/