Muskloskeletal wani lokaci ne wanda, kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, yana danganta da tsokoki da kwarangwal na jiki. Mafi mahimmanci, tsarin ƙwayoyin cuta ya haɗa da kasusuwa, tsokoki, kayan aiki, guringuntsi, hagu, tendons, da bursa. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta yana ba da zaman lafiya kuma yana ba da izinin motsi jiki.
Anatomy na Musculoskeletal System
Kasusuwa - Akwai kasusuwa 206 a cikin tsohuwar jikin mutum.
Tsarin kashi ya ƙunshi wani ɓangaren ƙananan ɓangare na sunadarai (mafi yawa daga collagen) da hydroxyapatite (yawancin allura da sauran ma'adanai). Yankin ciki na kashi, wanda ake kira kashi na ɗan kwasfa, ya fi sauƙi fiye da kashin da ke ciki, amma har yanzu yana da mahimmanci don rike ƙarfin kashi. Yayinda tsarin dukkan kashi yake daidai, ƙasusuwan suna aiki daban-daban a jiki:
- Kasusuwa suna bada goyon baya ga jiki (watau skeletal frame ga abin da aka haɗe na gabobin jiki da kyallen takarda) da kuma kare wasu kwayoyin (alal misali, caca kare kare zuciya).
- Kasusuwa suna ajiye mafi yawancin alli a cikin jiki.
- Kasusuwa suna da ɓangaren ciki wanda ya ƙunshi ɓawon jini wanda aka sanya jini, jini mai launin jini, da sauran sassan jini.
Kasusuwa sunyi wani tsari wanda aka sani da gyarawa. Sakamakon gyaran kafa yana ci gaba da aiki inda aka cire kashin baya ta sabon kashi. Kowane kashi ana gyara gaba daya a tsawon kimanin shekaru 10.
A kowace shekara, an maye gurbin kashi 20 cikin kashi na jikin jiki.
Muscle - Akwai nau'i biyu na tsoka da suke cikin ɓangaren ƙwayoyin cuta - kwarangwal da santsi. Nau'i na uku na tsoka, zuciya, ba na ɓangare na tsarin musculoskeletal ba. Ƙunƙarar ƙwaƙwalwa ƙuri ne na ƙwayoyin cuta. Ayyukan muscle kwangila shine abin da ke motsa sassa daban daban na jiki.
Ƙunƙarar ƙwan zuma suna a haɗe zuwa kasusuwa kuma an sanya su a cikin ƙungiyoyi masu adawa a kusa da ɗakunan (misali, tsokoki da ke kunnen doki suna tsaye a gaban tsokoki da suka mike hannu). Ƙunƙarar ƙwaƙwalwa suna sarrafawa ta kwakwalwa kuma suna aiki ne a ƙarƙashin jagorancin mutum. Ƙun zuma mai tsayi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasu ayyuka na jiki wanda ba a ƙarƙashin ikon mutum ba. Muscle mai laushi yana kusa da wasu arteries, yayi kwangila don daidaita jini. Muscle mai laushi kuma yana kewaye da hanji, yana yin kwangila don matsawa abinci da ƙanshi tare da fili. Duk da yake tsofaffin ƙwayoyin halitta suna sarrafawa ta hanyar kwakwalwa, ba kyauta ba ne. Yin amfani da tsoka tsoka yana dogara ne akan bukatun jiki - ba kulawa ba.
Abun hulɗa - Guraben suna a inda iyakar ƙasashe biyu ko fiye suka taru. Duk da yake akwai wuraren da ba su motsawa (misali, a tsakanin faranti na kwanyar), yawancin kayan aiki suna iya tafiyar da motsi. Akwai nau'o'i guda biyu da ke taimakawa motsi: cartilaginous da synovial. Abubuwan da suka dace na al'ada su ne irin wanda ya saba da yawancin mutane. Haɗin gwiwar mutane na zamani sun zo ne da dama iri-iri: ball-and socket, condyloid, gliding, hinge, pivot, and saddle joints.
Ƙarshen kasusuwa a irin wannan haɗin gwiwa an rufe shi da guringuntsi. Abun hulɗa suna tattare a cikin haɗin haɗin gwiwa wadda ke da launi ( synovium ). Sel na synovium suna samar da ruwa mai tsabta wadda ke ciyar da furotin kuma yana taimakawa wajen rage rikicewa yayin motsi.
Guringuntsi - Ƙarshen kashi wanda ya kafa haɗin gwiwa an rufe shi da guringuntsi . Tayare na al'ada ne mai santsi, m, da kuma kare daga ƙarshen kashi. Kayan gwal yana kunshe da collagen, ruwa, da proteoglycans. Guringuntsi yana aiki ne a matsayin mai haɗari kuma ya rage rikicewa tare da motsi na haɗin gwiwa.
Ligaments - Ligaments suna da wuya, igiyoyin fibrous ko kaya na nama wanda ke haɗa kashi zuwa kashi.
Ligaments sun hada da collagen da filastan fibers. Labaran filasta suna bada izinin haɗin haɗi don samun wani tayi. Ligaments kewaye da kuma tallafa wa gidajen, barin motsi a wasu wurare.
Tendons - Tendons ne m, fibrous band na nama cewa haɗa tsoka zuwa kashi. Tendons ne da farko sanya daga collagen. Ana samo takalma a cikin rami (watau ƙuƙwalwar ƙwararriya) wadda ta ba da damar tendons don motsawa kyauta. Harshin gyaran kafa yana da nau'i biyu: wani shinge mai laushi da ƙuƙwalwar ƙwararriya.
Bursae - Bursae ƙananan ƙananan jaka ne waɗanda suke aiki a matsayin matashi da ƙananan sauƙi a tsakanin sassan jikin jiki masu kusa kamar kashi, tsokoki, tendons, da fata. Ana samun Bursa a cikin jiki. Bursae ya bambanta da girman girman su a jikin. Akwai kimanin 160 burushi a cikin jiki.
Cututtuka na Musculoskeletal
Cututtukan ƙwayoyin cututtuka sun hada da arthritis , bursitis , da tendinitis , a tsakanin wasu. Sakamakon farko na cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta sun hada da ciwo, ƙyama, kumburi, iyakar iyakar motsi, rauni, gajiya, da rage aikin jiki. Wani masanin ilimin lissafi na kwararren likita a cututtukan zuciya da cututtukan rheumatic. Masanan ilimin likitancin likita suna bi da yanayin ƙwayoyin cuta.
Sources:
Merck Manuals. Kasusuwa. Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/bones
Merck Manuals. Ƙungiya. Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/muscles
Merck Manuals. Ligaments. Alexandra Villa-Forte, MD.
http://www.merckmanuals.com/home/bone-joint-and-muscle-disorders/biology-of-the-musculoskeletal-system/ligaments
Kelley's Textbook na Rheumatology. Tsarin na tara. Elsevier.