Kwayar Parkinson

An Bayani game da Cutinson's Disease

Ciwon kwayar cutar Parkinson ya taso ne sakamakon sakamakon mutuwar kwayar cutar kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwakwalwa. Dopamine ne mai muhimmanci neurotransmitter (manzon sinadaran a cikin kwakwalwa) wanda ke taimakawa wajen tsara aikin muscle. To, a lokacin da dopamin ya ƙare a cikin kwakwalwa, alamun bayyanar kamar girgizawa, haushi, da matsalolin tafiya.

> Kwayoyin samar da kwayar halitta a cikin kwakwalwa sun lalace a cutar ta Parkinson.

Yayinda cututtukan Parkinson ke amfani da su ne kawai a cikin motsi (masarufi), masana yanzu sun san cewa yana haifar da cututtukan da ba su da motsa jiki kamar matsaloli masu barci, ƙyama, da hasara.

Abin sha'awa shine cewa wadannan bayyanar cututtuka na iya haifar da bayyanar motar motar ta shekaru masu yawa, ko da shekarun da suka wuce.

Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa cutar Parkinson wata cuta ce mai rikitarwa. Amma ta hanyar koyon ilimin ilimin gabbai game da wannan cuta ta kwakwalwa, kun rigaya kan hanyarku don yin rayuwa da kyau (ko taimaka wa ƙaunatacciyar) ku zauna tare da shi.

Dalilin cutar Parkinson

Yayinda ainihin dalilin cutar cutar ta kwayoyin cutar ba a sani ba, masana sunyi imanin cewa yana haifar da haɗuwa da haɗuwa tsakanin kwayoyin halitta da yanayinta.

• Shin Kayayyakin Rayuwa na Parkinson ne?

• Yadda za a magance cutar ta fuskar fuska a cututtukan Parkinson

Misalan lalacewar muhalli wanda zai iya haifar da ci gaba da cutar ta Parkinson a cikin wani mutum mai cututtukan mutum shine magungunan kashe qwari ko yankunan karkara. Sauran cututtuka na cututtukan kwayar cutar Parkinson suna karuwa da shekaru da kuma jinsi (cututtukan Parkinson ya fi kowa a cikin maza).

Kwayoyin cututtuka na cutar Parkinson

Kwayoyin cutar kwayar cutar Parkinson na iya zama da dabara sosai a farkon wannan lokaci, watakila ma basu iya ganewa ba. Amma a ƙarshe magungunan suna cike da damuwa tare da lokaci.

Cututtukan cututtuka na kwayoyin cuta a cututtukan Parkinson

Hanyoyin alamar motsa jiki guda hudu na cutar Parkinson sune:

• Tremor
• Bradykinesia (jinkirin motsi)
• Rigidity
• Ƙasar rashin zaman lafiya (ma'anar rashin daidaituwa)

Raguwa a cutar rashin lafiyar Parkinson an kira shi a cikin lakabi da ake kira "murmushi" mai raɗaɗi saboda yadda ya bayyana-kamar dai mutum yana mirgine kwaya ko wani abu mene ne tsakanin yatsunsa da yatsa. Haka kuma an kwatanta shi kamar rawar jiki mai ƙarfi domin yana faruwa a lokacin da wani jiki (kamar hannun) yana shakatawa da kuma hutu. Lokacin da mutum ya shiga ƙungiyoyi masu mahimmanci, kamar kai ga gilashi, ƙarfin yana ragu ko ya ɓace. Za a iya samun haushi a wasu sassa na jiki kuma, kamar kafa ko jaw, kuma yawancin yakan kara tsanantawa ta danniya.

Yana da ban sha'awa a lura cewa yayin da ragowar tashin hankali ya faru a yawancin wadanda ke fama da cutar Parkinson, ba a cikin kowa ba.

Bradykinesia ya kwatanta ikon mutum na iya motsawa. Kamar yadda zaku iya tunanin, wannan zai iya zama ta musamman. Mutum na iya cigaba da wahala ta amfani da yatsunsa (misali, buɗe burodi ko rubutu) don yin amfani da kafafun kafa, yayinda za'a yi amfani da matakan ƙananan matakai.

Rigidity yana nufin tsohuwar jiki da kuma juriya ga shakatawa. Mutumin da yake da damuwa yana iya bazawa da makamai ba a lokacin da yake tafiya, ko kuma yana iya juyawa ko tanƙwara.

Rigidity zai iya zama mai raɗaɗi, wannan kuma zai iya taimakawa wajen matsalolin tafiya, musamman tafiya.

Wani alama na cutar ta Parkinson shi ne rashin lafiyar bayan -baya-jinin rashin daidaituwa lokacin da yake tsaye. Wannan bayyanar yawanci yakan taso daga baya bayan cutar cutar Parkinson. A cikin mutumin da ke fama da rashin lafiya a baya , ƙananan ƙarancin hannu zai iya haifar da su aukuwar.

Akwai wasu alamun alamun da ke dauke da kwayoyin cutar a cikin cutar Parkinson, kuma haɗin su yana da ma'ana, ma'anar cewa ba kowa yana samun irin wannan bayyanar ba ko kuma suna da nauyin daidai. Wasu daga cikin wadannan alamun alamun sun hada da:

• Ƙarƙashin idon ido
• Rage maganganun fuska
• Bayani da haɗiye matsaloli
• Hada yawan cin hanci
• Ayyukan daskarewa -inda mutum ya ji kamar ƙafãfunsu suna karuwa zuwa ƙasa ko kasansu ya daskare zuwa gagara

Abun-cututtuka marasa lafiya a Cikin cutar Parkinson

Yayinda bincike kan cutar ta Parkinson ya ci gaba, masana yanzu suna mayar da hankali sosai a kan wadanda basu da alamun kamuwa da cutar. Wadannan bayyanar cututtuka sun fi damuwa ga mutum fiye da alamun motsa jiki, kuma suna iya fara shekaru da suka wuce.

Misalan rashin alamar motsa jiki a cikin cutar Parkinson ya hada da:

• Ayyukan hallu (yawanci na gani) da / ko lalata
• Harkokin yanayi kamar baƙin ciki, damuwa, da rashin tausayi (asarar sha'awa da halayyar)
• Matsalar barci da kuma gajiyar rana
• Matsalolin da ke da hankali da kuma lalata
• Dysfunction na jiki (alal misali, raguwar saukar karfin jini lokacin da ke tsaye ko maƙarƙashiya)
• Rashin hankali kamar damuwa da tingling ko zafi
• Matsalar fata (alal misali, dermatitis na seborrheic)
• Rashin jin wari

Sanin lafiyar cutar ta Parkinson

Sakamakon ganewar cututtuka na Parkinson yana buƙatar kulawa da hankali sosai daga likita, yawanci likitan ne , saboda babu wani slam na gwajin jini ko kwakwalwa da aka gwada shi. Duk da yake ganewar asali yana da saukin hankali a wasu mutane, zai iya zama ƙalubale a wasu, musamman ma akwai wasu ƙananan yanayin kiwon lafiya wanda ke raba irin wannan alamar cutar tare da cutar Parkinson.

Idan likitanku ya kamu da cutar Parkinson, zai tambayi tambayoyi game da barci, yanayi, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, matsalolin tafiya, da kwanan nan kwanan nan.

• Yaya Yara Na Yarda Cutar Cutar Abinci daga Ni?

• Impact da Kula da Rigidity a Cutinson's cuta

Zai kuma yi nazari na jiki don bincika kwakwalwa, ƙarfin tsoka, da daidaitawa. Kada ku yi mamakin idan an yi nazarin gwaje-gwaje ko gwaje-gwajen jini don yin sarauta daga wasu yanayin kiwon lafiya.

Akwai wasu takamaiman ka'idodin da likita ya bi don gano cututtukan Parkinson. Alal misali, wani ma'auni wanda ke goyan bayan ganewar cutar cutar ta Parkinson shine idan mutumin da yake da kwayar cutar Parkinson-kamar bayyanar cututtuka yana da kyau a cigaba da bayyanar cututtuka bayan shan levodopa (magani da aka yi amfani da shi wajen maganin cutar Parkinson).

Duk da yake babu maganin cututtukan kwayar cutar Parkinson, labari mai dadi shine cewa akwai wasu hanyoyin maganin magance cututtuka don haka kai da ƙaunataccenka zasu iya rayuwa tare da shi.

Jiyya na kwayar cutar kwayar cutar

Ƙayyade lokacin da za a fara magani don alamun alamun motsa jiki ba koyaushe yanke yanke ko dai-yana dogara da mutum da kuma yadda ake haifar da alamun su. A gaskiya ma, kana iya mamakin sanin cewa a farkon farkon cutar ta Parkinson, bazai buƙaci magani ba.

Carbidopa-levodopa, wanda ke da alamun suna Sinemet ko Parcopa, shine maganin magani na Parkinson da yafi tasiri. Levodopa ya koma dopamine a cikin kwakwalwa, wanda ke taimakawa wajen sake dawo da tsoka. Carbidopa ya sa levodopa ya fi tasiri ta hanyar hana shi daga juya zuwa dopamine a waje da kwakwalwa.

Sakamakon wannan ƙwayar magunguna sosai shine cewa da zarar mutum ya kasance akan shi har tsawon shekaru, bazai zama mai kyau ba a kula da alamun motsa jiki - wannan shine ake kira sakamako "sanyewa". Bugu da ƙari, ƙungiyoyi waɗanda ba su da ikonka kamar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar tsohuwar jiki (mai kira dyskinesia) na iya faruwa bayan yin amfani da levodopa mai tsawo.

Magungunan kwayoyin halitta kamar Mirapex (pramipexole) da Requip (ropinirole) suna shayar da shafukan yanar gizo na kwastam na dopamine-a cikin kwakwalwa, suna yaudarar kwakwalwar suyi tunanin cewa yana da dopamine yana buƙatar samun jiki don motsawa. Magunguna na rashin lafiya sun fi tasiri fiye da levodopa, kuma suna da tasiri mai yawa kamar kwarewar jiki, tashin hankali na barci (barci mai tsada), da kuma dabi'un halayen kamar caca, cin abinci, cin kasuwa, ko halayyar jima'i.

Da aka ce, ana amfani da kwayar cutar dopamine a wasu lokuta na cutar kwayar cutar Parkinson, tare da jinkirta bukatar levodopa har sai daga bisani a cikin cuta. Wannan zai iya taimakawa wajen magance matsalolin levodopa na tsawon lokaci kamar tasirin "sanyewa" da kuma ƙungiyoyin motsa jiki.

Binciken masu hana hawan oxidase (mabudin MAO-B) sun hada da Eldepryl, Emsam, da Zelapar (selegiline) da kuma Azilect (rasagiline), waɗanda ke bi da alamar motar ta hanyar hana ƙwayar enzyme wanda ke hanawa kwayoyin dopamin a kwakwalwa. Wannan yana bada damar dopamine don rataya a cikin kwakwalwa.

Rashin ƙididdigar ƙwayoyin maganin oxidase shine cewa ba su da tasiri kamar levodopa ga mutanen da cutar ta Parkinson, kuma zasu iya hulɗa da wasu magunguna, kamar magungunan antidepress.

Hanya ita ce cewa wasu lokuta sukan iya amfani da cututtukan alamun motsa jiki a lokutan cutar ta Parkinson, da gaske sayen mutum kafin lokaci kafin fara levodopa.

Masu hana COMT kamar Comtan (entacapone) da aiki na Tasmar (tolcapone) ta ƙarfafa sakamakon levodopa a cikin kwakwalwa (don haka ana daukar su tare da levodopa). An yi amfani da su don bi da mutanen da suka fuskanci sakamako "sanyewa" akan kasancewa a kan levodopa tsawon lokaci. Kulawa da gwajin cutar hanta yana buƙatar idan mutum yana kan Tasmar (tolcapone).

Anticholinergics kamar Artane (trihexyphenidyl) da Cogentin (benzotropine) an umarce su don rage rashin jin daɗi ga mutane da cutar ta Parkinson. Suna aiki ta hanyar kara acetylcholine a kwakwalwa.

Halin da ke ciki shi ne cewa tsakaran kwayoyin halitta suna da mummunar tasiri irin ta hangen nesa, bakin bushe, riƙewa da fitsari, rikicewa, da rikicewa (musamman ma tsofaffi). Saboda wannan, ana ajiye su ga wadanda ke da cutar Parkinson a cikin shekaru 70.

Amfani (amantadine) wani maganin antiviral ne da ake amfani dashi a farkon cutar ta kwayar cuta don gudanar da fargaba da damuwa. Hanyoyi masu illa masu haɗari sun hada da bushe baki, ƙyama, ƙuƙwalwar fata, ƙwanƙwasa idanu, zauren gani, da rikice-rikice.

Kula da cututtuka marasa lafiya

Baya ga matsalolin matsalolin da ke tattare da cutar Parkinson sun kasance yawancin bayyanar cututtuka irin su matsalolin barci, matsalolin halayen, da sauye-sauye yanayi, wanda zai iya tasiri ga rayuwar mutum. Gaskiyar ita ce, akwai hanyoyin magancewa masu kyau don magance su.

Alal misali, ƙuntataccen abu ne a cikin cututtukan Parkinson, amma ana iya magance shi da magungunan maganin gargajiya, kamar maɓallin siginar maganin serotonin. Don lalata (tunani da matsalolin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya), Exelon (rivastigmine) na fata zai iya tsara.

Hanyoyin da ake ciki da kuma ƙwarewa zai iya zama damuwa ga mutum (da kuma ƙaunataccen su) tare da cutar Parkinson. Don magance wannan, mai ilimin neurologist na iya dakatar ko rage kashi na magani na Parkinson (alal misali, levodopa). Don ƙarin lokuta masu tsanani na hallucinations, za'a iya ba da magani na antipsychotic.

Anyi amfani da hanyoyin maganin farfadowa kamar maganganun magana, sana'a, da kuma jiki don inganta yanayin rayuwa a cikin cutar ta Parkinson.

Deep Brain Stimulation

An kwantar da hankalin kwakwalwa mai zurfi ga wadanda ke fama da cutar Parkinson wanda ba'a amfani dasu ba tare da magani ba. Yana da matukar tasiri ga mutanen da ke da ci gaba, da katsewa, da kuma wadanda ke da rikice-rikice (wanda ake kira dyskinesia) ko haɓaka ("bayyanar da warin"), wanda shine matsalolin yin amfani da levodopa tsawon lokaci.

Harkokin kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa yana haifar da wani neurosurgeon wanda yake kafa waya cikin zurfin kwakwalwa. An haɗa wannan waya zuwa na'urar da aka sarrafa baturi da ake kira neurostimulator, wanda aka sanya a karkashin fata a kusa da bakin murfin. Kwayoyin lantarki da aka samo daga neurostimulator (mai sarrafawa ta hanyar haƙuri) an yi imanin canza juyayi hanyoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta a cikin kwakwalwa wanda ke sarrafa motsi (ana haifar da ƙungiyoyi na al'ada maimakon magunguna, kamar raguwa).

Yana da muhimmanci a fahimci cewa wannan magani ba magani bane kuma baya hana cutar Parkinson daga ci gaba. Har ila yau, akwai haɗari masu tsanani, suna ba da shawara mai mahimmanci tare da likitancin mutum, likita, da iyali kafin suyi hakan.

Kalma daga

Cututtukan Parkinson ne ƙananan ƙwayoyin neurodegenerative ("mutuwa daga cikin kwakwalwan kwayoyin") cuta wanda ke tasiri ba kawai yadda mutum yake motsawa ba, amma kuma yadda suke tunani, ji, barci, har ma da wari. Duk da yake waɗannan bayyanar cututtuka za su iya katsewa, bisharar ita ce akwai hanyoyin da za a iya rage yawan tasirin su a kan rayuwarka.

> Sources:

> Cututtukan Jankovic J. Parkinson: siffofin asibiti da ganewar asali. J Neurol Neurosurg Sizai . 2008 Afrilu 79 (4): 368-76.

> Abincin Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Mene ne Cutinson's Disease?

> RB Postuma. MDS tsarin bincike na asibitocin MDS game da cutar ta Parkinson. Matsar da Cutar . 2015 Oktoba; 30 (12): 1591-601.

> Rao SS, Hofmann LA, Shakil A. Parkinson ta Cututtuka: Ciwon ganewa da jiyya. Am Fam Likita . 2006 Dec 15; 74 (12): 2046-54.

> Ƙaramar Aiki, Aikin MS. Magungunan magani na cutar Parkinson: marasa lafiya, hari, na'urori, da kuma hanyoyi. Neurotherapeutics. 2014 Janairu 11 (1): 47-59.