Cutar Parkinson na faruwa ne lokacin da wasu kwayoyin jijiya (wanda ake kira layi) wanda ke cikin wani sashi na kwakwalwarka yana daina aiki daidai ko mutu. Wadannan neurons kullum suna samar da wata muhimmin ƙwayar kwakwalwa da ake kira dopamine, wanda ke taimakawa wajen sarrafa aikin muscle.
Lokacin da ba ku da isasshen dopamin saboda waɗannan naurorin ba su samar da shi ba, ba za ku iya jagorancin ko sarrafa ƙwayoyin ku ba kullum.
Wancan ne saboda yankin kwakwalwarka wanda yake gina wadannan ƙananan ƙananan kwayoyin halitta (wani ɓangaren kwakwalwa da aka sani da jarrabawar tarawa) ba zai iya aikawa da siginar zuwa sakonni na gaba da ake kira "relay tashar" na kwakwalwa ba.
Nazarin ya nuna cewa marasa lafiyar Parkinson na da asarar 80% ko fiye na kwayoyin halitta na kwayoyin halitta a cikin kwayar halitta. Wannan rashin dopamine yana haifar da mummunan ƙwayoyin cuta da ke cikin cutar Parkinson.
Mene ne ke haifar da asarar kwayar cutar a cikin Parkinson?
Masana kimiyya basu san dalilin da yasa kwakwalwa ke shiga cikin sashin kwayoyi na kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ba don hana dopamine, amma akwai dabarun da yawa.
Genetics na iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a wasu lokuta na cutar Parkinson. Wasu daga cikin 15% zuwa 25% na wadanda aka gano tare da Parkinson na da dangi wanda ke da yanayin, yana nuna alamar jinsi mai yiwuwa. Bugu da ƙari, akwai wasu nau'in cututtukan Parkinson da ke gudana a cikin iyalai, kuma an gano wasu daga cikin kwayoyin da ake ciki.
Amma mafi yawan mutanen da cutar ta Parkinson ba su da wata kyakkyawan tarihin iyali na yanayin, don haka masu bincike suna kallon sauran wurare saboda yanayin.
Ka'idoji akan Tushen Dalili
Ɗaya daga cikin ka'idar da ke haifar da cututtukan cututtukan Parkinson - hallaka layin kwayar halitta wanda ke haifar da dopamine - yana riƙe da cewa kwayoyin suna lalacewa saboda fuka a jiki.
Hanyoyi masu rauni sune marasa lalacewa, masu lalata kwayoyin halitta ta hanyar halayen halayen sunadaran jiki a cikin jiki.
Sakamakon yaduwar kwayoyin halitta tare da kwayoyin maƙwabtaka (musamman karafa kamar ƙarfe) a cikin tsarin da ake kira oxyidation. Ana tsammanin yin sulhu yana haifar da lalacewar kyallen takarda, ciki har da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Yawanci, ana kiyaye lalacewar kyauta ta hanyar antioxidants, sunadaran da ke kare kwayoyin daga wannan lalacewar.
An gano marasa lafiya da cutar ta Parkinson sun kara yawan ƙarfin kwakwalwa na baƙin ƙarfe, musamman a cikin gwaji, kuma sun rage matakan ferritin, furotin da ke cikin jikin da ke kewaye da baƙin ƙarfe kuma ya ware shi, don haka kare lafiyar jiki daga gare ta.
Wani ka'ida ya hada da magungunan kashe qwari da sauran gubobi. Wasu masanan kimiyya sun nuna cewa cutar ta Parkinson zai iya faruwa yayin da mummunan yanayi a cikin yanayi ya rushe ƙananan da ke yin dopamine. Akwai yawan toxins (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6, -tetrahydropyridine, ko MPTP, daya ne) wanda zai iya haifar da alamun cutar cutar ta Parkinson.
Ya zuwa yanzu, duk da haka, babu wani binciken da ya ba da hujja mai tabbatar da cewa maye gurbin shine dalilin cutar.
Duk da haka wata ka'ida ta bayar da shawarar cewa cututtukan Parkinson na faruwa ne a lokacin, saboda dalilan da ba a sani ba, al'ada, ƙididdigar shekaru da yawa na samar da kwayoyin halitta na samar da kwayar halitta ta gudu a wasu mutane.
Wannan ka'ida tana goyan bayan ra'ayin cewa muna sannu-sannu da ƙarancin hanyoyin da ke kare ƙanananmu yayin da muka tsufa.
Mutane da yawa masu bincike sun yi imani cewa haɗuwa da waɗannan abubuwa guda hudu - lalacewar rashin ciyayi , ƙarancin muhalli, jigilar kwayoyin halitta, da kara tsufa - za'a iya nunawa a ƙarshe don cutar.
Sources:
Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Sakamakon takardar shaidar gaskiya.
Parkinson's Disease Foundation. Ma'aikatar Muhalli da kuma Parkinson: Menene Mun Koyi? takardar gaskiya.