Canja a cikin Jiyya na Cutar Parkinson ta cuta
Lokacin da kake ko wani wanda kake so yana da cutar kwayar cutar Parkinson (PD), zai iya ganin cewa sababbin jiyya ba su da wani wuri a sarari. Amma lokacin da kake la'akari da tarihin ci gaba da sababbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankula ga PD, akwai dalilin sa zuciya. Yayinda PD ya kasance sananne ne ga dattawan, ba a yi nazari sosai ba har sai lokacin zamani (wanda masanin Islama mai suna Averroes ya nuna).
PD ba a fahimta sosai a duniyar duniyar ba saboda ba mutane da dama sun rayu cikin 60s ko 70s a wannan lokacin. Saboda haka PD dole ne ya kasance mafi sauki a zamanin duniyar yadda yake a yau. Binciken kimiyya na PD bai fara ba sai James Parkinson ya wallafa 'Essay a kan shayarwa' a 1817. Tun daga wannan lokaci, alamu da alamun kwayar cutar PD sune aka gane shi ne ciwo ko kuma samo alamun bayyanar cututtuka wanda ke da ma'ana. A cikin shekarun farkon shekarun karni na 20, annobar cutar ta kamu da duniya. Wasu wadanda ke fama da wannan annoba sun ci gaba da nuna alamun PD kuma ana nazarin ƙirar su, don haka sun inganta ilimin likitanci. A cikin shekarun 1940 da 50s, an yi amfani da maganin neurosurgical don magance PD. A shekara ta 1960, an gano kwayar cutar a cikin ƙwararrun mutane tare da PD. A 1961 zuwa 1962, muna samun gwajin farko na gwagwarmayar levodopa. A shekarar 1968, kwayoyin levodopa sun kasance don amfani.
Wannan hakika ya kasance babban nasara a magani ga PD. Maganin Levodopa yayi aiki sosai ga wasu marasa lafiya da zasu rayu cikin al'amuran al'ada. Ba da da ewa ba a gano cewa levodopa yana da mummunar illa mai ban sha'awa kuma ba zai iya hana ci gaba da cutar ba saboda haka an gina sababbin kwayoyi don magance wadannan cututtukan da kuma rage jinkirin cutar.
Bromocriptine da kuma MAO-B mai hana deprenyl an ci gaba a cikin 1970s. An haɓaka kamuwa da ciwon gine-gine, da kuma kariya da cutar antioxidant a shekarun 1980. A halin yanzu, an gabatar da kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwa a cikin ƙarshen shekarun 1980, kuma ana amfani da fasahar neurosurgical a cikin 80s da 90s. FDA ta yarda da amfani da kwakwalwar kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwa ta tsakiya don maganin wulakanci a shekara ta 1997. An yarda da sababbin magunguna , pramipexole da ropinirole don amfani a wancan shekarar. An amince da Tolcapone da Entacapone a cikin shekara ta 1998. A cikin shekarun 1990s, an gano yawancin cututtukan kwayoyin da aka yi a PD. Tabbatar da wadannan cututtukan kwayoyin halitta zai haifar da sababbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali a cikin 2000s. An gabatar da farfado da kwayar cutar PD a shekarar 2005. A cikin shekarun 90s da farkon 2000s, nasarar da aka samu a cikin kwayoyin halittu ta nuna cewa sababbin hanyoyin kwantar da hankula ba za su zo ba tukuna ba tare da irin wannan farfadowa ba tukuna.
A shekara ta 2006, an gina sabon mai hana MAO-B da ake kira rasagiline. A cikin wannan shekarar kuma, an fara sabbin sababbin hanyoyin farfadowa na PD, wanda ake kira antiapopototicrapy. Ana tsara shi don hana yawan mutuwa daga kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta. Apoptosis yana nufin 'mutuwar kwayar halitta' wanda ke faruwa a tsakanin kwayoyin kwayoyin kwayoyin kwayoyin kwayoyin kwayoyin kwayoyin kwayoyin cutar PD.
Kuma magungunan anti-apoptotic ya kamata su hana wannan shirin na mutuwa. A yau wadannan kwayoyi suna har yanzu bincike. A shekara ta 2007 an samar da takalmin dopamine (rotigotine) don samar da kwayar jini zuwa jini a cikin hanyar da ta fi dacewa don haka rage sakamako masu tasiri. A cikin shekarun da suka gabata na karni na 20, an yi amfani da kowane irin kwayoyi don magance magungunan motsa jiki na kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin cutar PD kamar matsalar damuwa da tunanin mutum, matsalolin barcin, matsalolin yanayi da sauransu.
Yanzu lura cewa da zarar PD aka gane a farkon shekarun 1960s a matsayin ɓarna na maganin dopamine metabolism, sababbin sababbin hanyoyin maganin kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin cutar kwayoyin cutar PD.
Kamar yadda kowane shekaru goma suka wuce, hanyar kirkirar kirki ta kara girma kamar yadda a shekarun 2000s muna da irin wannan sabon tsari wanda zai iya samuwa - daga wani sabon farfadowa na sabon tsarin farfadowa ga farfadowa mai mahimmanci - wanda ya kasance mai yiwuwa 'yancin kai a duk lokacin da cutar take samun sauki kuma mafi kyau. Har ila yau, ina da tsammanin cewa za a samu ha] in gwiwar jami'o'i, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, don rage ci gaba da cutar.
Sources
> Wiener, WJ da Factor, SA (2008). Tsarin lokaci na Parkinsons Cutar Tarihi tun 1900. A: Cutar Parkinson: Ciwon Bincike da Gudanarwa na Clinical: Edition na Biyu Edited by Stewart A Factor, DO da William J Weiner, MD. New York: Ƙwararrun Magunguna na Demos; > pps >. 33-38.