Tsarin kwayoyin halitta yana kunshe da gabobin da ke aiki tare don canza abincin, abin da ake samar dasu don gina jiki. Mafi mahimmanci, tsarin mai narkewa yana da tsalle mai tsayi wanda ya bude daga iyakar biyu. Abinci yana shiga a ƙarshen ƙarshen, sa'an nan kuma ya wuce ta cikin dogon tube a cikin jikin da ake kira gurguntaccen gastrointestinal inda za a iya amfani da abubuwan gina jiki wanda zai iya amfani dasu, kuma sauran da ba a yi digiri ba ne ya wuce daga karshen.
Tsarin narkewa yana da sauki kamar wancan. Tsarin kwayar halitta, wanda hanta ke daukar nauyin wani ɓangare, ya ƙunshi matakai masu muhimmanci da kuma rikitarwa a cikin jikin jikin jikin ku. Wannan tsari ya fara ne daga cin abinci.
Ainihin, mahimman ayyuka na gin GI shine haɗi da kuma kawo kayan abinci, ya ɓoye ruwa da kuma enzymes da ake buƙata don narkewa, sha samfurorin da aka fadi, da kuma kawar da lalata maras kyau. Duk da haka, don ƙarin fahimtar yadda kowane ɓangaren da ke cikin GI yana aiki tare, kuma yadda sauran kwayoyin daga tsarin daban-daban na jiki suka tilasta wa juna, yana da muhimmanci ga marasa lafiya na ciwon jijiji don gane da farko inda fili ya fara - bakin.
Gastrointestinal Tract
Hanyar gastrointestinal ita ce hanya mai tsawo ta hanyar jiki inda jikin ya wuce yayin da yake samuwa ta hanyar tsarin narkewa.
Yana aiki ne a matsayin ƙofar don abinci kamar yadda yake shiga bakin, da kuma hanyar da take kulawa ta hanyar pharynx da esophagus . Har ila yau GI Tract yana aiki a matsayin tafki na tanki yayin da ake cinye abinci a cikin ciki kafin jikin ya shafe shi kamar yadda ake amfani da kayan abinci zuwa sauran kayan jikin mutum don a rushe da kuma rarraba.
A ƙarshe, yana aiki a matsayin "mai lalacewa" kamar yadda kayan aikin da ba a digested sun fice a kasa na tube ta hanyar anus.
Duk wadannan ayyukan ba a kammala ta hanyar GI ba kadai. Harshen enzymes, glands, gishiri, hanta, gallbladder, da sauran kwayoyin halitta da ruwaye suna taimakawa wajen sarrafa abinci da kuma kai kayan abinci. Kowane kwaya yana haifar da hormones wanda ya gaya wa dukan tsarin jiki don aiki daidai. Sabili da haka, tsarin haɓaka yana haɗawa da alaka da sauran tsarin jiki. An haɗa shi da tsarin siginal kamar yadda kwayoyin ke ciki, irin su hanta, suna da alhakin kai da / ko sarrafa kayan abinci daga intestine zuwa kyallen takarda a cikin jiki duka. Wannan tsarin mai juyayi, wanda sau da yawa yakan shafi marasa lafiya hepatitis a yayin da akwai cuta, yana taimakawa wajen sarrafa ikon enzymes da za a saki, da magungunan ƙwayar ƙwayoyin cuta na tsarin narkewa. Wadannan tsokoki suna samar da motility don neman digiri da motsa abinci ta hanyar GI. Hanyoyin hormones da tsarin kulawa da jin dadin jiki da ke dauke da kwayoyin halitta sunyi aiki da gin na GI.
Inda ake samun Gwaji a cikin GI Tract
Ƙarshen farko na tsarin narkewa inda abinci ya fara motsa jiki shine baki.
Abun hakora a cikin bakin suna cajin da cinyewa da cinye abinci a cikin raguwar ragu. Suga, wanda shine abu mai laushi, an ɓoye shi kuma yana lubricate duk abin da zai kayar da tsarin narkewa. Saliva ya hada da enzymes wanda ya fara aiwatar da narkewa da carbohydrates da ƙwayoyin da za a kawo a cikin ƙasa a cikin digestive fili. Dogaro marasa lafiya ya kamata su fahimci cewa yana aiki a matsayin "m," kamar yadda yake riƙe da abinci tare a hanyar zuwa ciki. Kyautattun abinci da aka saka tare da salin ya zama wani shinge wanda ake kira bolus - wanda aka kai zuwa ga esophagus.
Akwai ƙwayoyin da ba sa hannu ba a cikin esophagus da suka bushe da kuma sanya abinci cikin ciki.
Yayinda ake cin abinci tare da glander salva wanda ya juya shi a cikin kullun kuma an haɗiye shi, zai motsa daga bakin zuwa pharynx. Fayilnx, ko kuma mafi yawancin da ake kira kirgu, yana yin gyare-gyare a cikin esophagus. Magunguna masu cutar hepatitis ya kamata su lura cewa ban da abincin abinci ga esophagus, pharynx kuma yana dauke da iska ga iska da larynx. Dangane daga pharynx zuwa ciki, sashen esophagus wani ɓoye ne wanda ke da ƙwayar murya wadda ke haifar da abincin ta hanyar raƙuman ruwa na tsokoki waɗanda ke yin kwangila. Wannan tsari an san shi ne peristalsis. A yayin da ake haɗuwa da juna lokacin da aka rushe bolus, toka mai tsokotsi a bayan bolus yana yin kwangila don kada ya dawo da bakin. Akwai tasirin rhythmic wanda zai rinjaye hanzari na sauri don zama turawa zuwa ciki. Hanyar peristalsis shine motsi daya kawai, don yadawa da kuma kiyaye abincin da ke tafiya zuwa ƙasa zuwa ciki.
Karin bayani:
Kararli TT. Ganin kwatancin ilimin halitta, ilimin lissafi, da kuma nazarin halittu na mutum da dabbobi masu amfani da su. Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1995 Yuli; 16 (5): 351-80.
Ménard D. Tsarin aikin ci gaban gastrointestinal ɗan adam: hormone- da kuma ci gaba da maƙasudin tsari. Can J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jan, 18 (1): 39-44.