Cikakke ko rashin lafiya
Abubuwa masu tsinkaye na al'ada, wanda ake kira albinism, yana haifar da lahani a samar da pigment (melanin) a cikin fata, idanu, da gashi. Wannan shi ne saboda dysfunction na sel samar da melanin (melanocytes).
Irin nau'in albinanci wanda ya faru sau da yawa shine nau'ikan albinism (OCA) 1, 2, da 3, kuma yana da albinism. Sauran cututtukan da suke da albinism a matsayin alamun kwayar cutar Chediak-Higashi ciwo ne, ciwo na Hermansky-Pudlak, da kuma ciwo na Waardenburg .
Albinanci yana shafar maza da mata kuma ya fito fili daga haihuwa. Bincike ya nuna cewa nau'in OCA 1 ya auku a cikin mutum guda a cikin yawan mutane 40,000, nau'in OCA na 2 yana faruwa a cikin mutum guda a kowace 15,000, kuma yana da albinism a cikin mutum 1 da yawan mutane 50,000. Bincike bai rigaya gano yadda sau nawa OCA type 3 yake faruwa ba, ko da yake an tabbatar da shi kawai a cikin Afirka da nahiyar Afirka.
Abokan Albinism
Kullin OCA na 1 ne ya haifar da kwayar halitta a kan chromosome 11 kuma an gada shi a matsayin maɓallin motsa jiki, wanda ke nufin cewa mutum dole ne ya sami kashi biyu na kwayoyin cutar don cutar ta faru. OCA type 2 an lalacewa ta hanyar jigilar kwayar halitta akan chromosome 15 kuma an gada shi a matsayin wani abu mai mahimmanci. Kullin OCA type 3 yana haifar da wata halitta a kan chromosome 9 kuma an gada shi a cikin wani hanzari na hanzari. Albinism ya jiji yana haifar da wata kwayar halitta a kan X (mace) chromosome. Har ila yau mawuyacin rashin tausayi , ma'ana cewa namiji ya gaji X-chromosome mara kyau yana da albinism, amma mace za ta sami kashi biyu na X-chromosomes don cutar.
Bayyanar cututtuka na Albinism
Duk nau'ikan albinism suna da rashin alade, amma adadin ya bambanta daga nau'in zuwa rubuta.
- Kullin OCA 1 yakan haifar da rashin sinadarin pigment a cikin fata, gashi, da idanu, amma wasu mutane na iya samun nauyin alade. OCA irin 1 yana haifar da hankali ga hasken (photophobia), rage ƙananan gani, da ido na ido (nystagmus).
- OCA nau'i 2 yana haifar da kadan zuwa matsakaicin matsakaici na pigmentation a fata, gashi, da idanu. Har ila yau yana haifar da matsalolin ido kamar OCA type 1.
- OCA type 3 ya kasance da wuya a gane bisa ga bayyanar kawai. Ya kasance mafi sananne lokacin da aka haifi jariri mai haske a kan iyaye masu duhu. OCA type 3 kuma yana haifar da matsalolin ido , amma ba a matsayin mai tsanani kamar na OCA nau'in 1 ba.
- Obin albinism yana rinjayar kawai idanu, yana haifar da alamu kaɗan a cikinsu. Iris na iya bayyana translucent. Rage kullun gani, nystagmus, da kuma wahalar sarrafawa na ido zai iya faruwa.
Binciken Albinism
Albinanci yana wurin a haihuwar haihuwa, kuma yawanci ana gano shi bisa ga bayyanar jaririn. Idan ya cancanta, za a iya gwada gwajin kwayoyin don tabbatar da ganewar asali, amma wannan ba za'a yi ba.
Biyan Albinism
Babu magani ko maganin albinism. Tunda mutane da albinism basu da ƙwayar launin fata a cikin fata, suna buƙatar yin amfani da tsararraki mai ɗorewa kuma suna sa tufafi masu dacewa a waje don hana lalata fata ta hanyar ultraviolet. Yin amfani da tabarau za su rage alamar bayyanar hasken haske da kuma kare idanu. Wani masanin ilimin likita na mutum zai iya bi da sauran ido ko hangen nesa.
Kowane mutum tare da albinanci ya kamata a ga wani likitan ilimin lissafi a kai a kai don a kula da cutar ciwon fata. Albinanci ba zai canza rai ko rai ba ko kuma yana da wasu cututtukan lafiya.
> Source:
Boissy, RE (2003). Albinism. eMedicine, isa ga http: // www. emedicine.com/derm/topic12.htm