Harkokin Chromosome a cikin cutar sankarar bargo da Lymphomas
Bayani
Tsarin wuri wani nau'i ne na canza canji a cikin tsarin chromosome da ke faruwa a yayin da ɓangaren ɓangaren chromosome ya karya kuma ya tsaya ga wani chromosome. Wadannan "maye gurbi" suna da mahimmanci da yawa na lymphomas da leukemias .
Abubuwa
Masananmu suna adana dukkanin bayanan da muka gado daga iyayenmu. Muna da kashi 23 na chromosomes - 1 daga iyayenmu da kuma 1 daga kakanninsu - don cikakkun kimanin 46 chromosomes.
A kan kowane chromosome akwai daruruwan kwayoyin halittar mutum wanda ya tsara duk wani abu daga launi da idanunmu ga sunadarin sunadarai wanda ke tsara rarraba kwayoyin jikinsu a jiki.
Lokacin da sassanmu suka raba, an yi kwafin kwafin mu na chromosomes. Wani lokaci wannan tsari ba daidai ba ne, kuma wani ɓangare na wani ɓangaren chromosome na iya kawo ƙarshen haɗuwa ga wani chromosome.
Idan muka yi magana game da canjin kwayoyin canji a cikin ciwon daji, zai iya zama mai rikitarwa, saboda haka muna so mu tabbatar da bambanci daya a bayyane. Wasu canje-canjen halittu suna da mutunci kuma an kira su maye gurbin jinsi , irin maye gurbi ko sauran canjin halittar ku daga haihuwa, amma yawancin canjin da kuka ji game da su ana samun ko maye gurbi - abubuwan maye gurbi da canjin yanayi wanda ke faruwa a jikinku bayan haihuwa da kuma daga baya a cikin rayuwa.
Iri
Akwai nau'i biyu na sashe.
- Sanya ƙaddamarwa daidai - A cikin daidaitattun daidaituwa, an raba sassan guda biyu na chromosomes guda biyu, don haka babu ƙarin ko baceccen bayanan kwayoyin.
- Sanya ba tare da izini ba - A cikin fasalin da ba a daidaita ba, musayar ta ƙunshi ɓangaren ƙwayoyin chromosome kuma yana haifar da karin kwayoyin jini.
Ana nuna alamar ta hanyar amfani da ƙararrakin "t" tare da ƙwayoyin chromosomes guda biyu a cikin goge. Alal misali, za a nuna fassarar tsakanin chromosomes 9 da chromosome 22 da t (9; 22).
Ƙungiyar tare da Ciwon Cutar
Rashin fasalin wani nau'i ne na raunin cututtukan da zai iya haifar da wata al'ada ta al'ada don juyawa cikin kwayar cutar ciwon daji. Masana kimiyya basu san ainihin dalilin da yasa wadannan canje-canje suka faru ba, amma wasu halayen haɗari don ci gaba da lymphomas da leukemias sun san, kuma wasu bayyanar muhalli na iya kasancewa cikin lalacewar kwayoyin halitta. Wadannan canje-canjen zasu iya faruwa yayin da DNA a cikin jikinmu ya lalace ta hanyar ciwon haɗari ko ciwon hoto. Duk da haka, zasu iya faruwa ne sakamakon "kuskure" a cikin tsarin al'ada na rarrabawar sel, ma. Tun da sassanmu sun rarraba cikin rayuwar mu, da zarar "kuskure" a rabuwa zai faru ya kara tsofaffi. Wannan zato shine daya daga cikin dalilan da yasa yawancin cututtuka sukafi kowa mazan da muka samu.
Don fahimtar yadda canje-canje ya shafi hadarin ciwon daji zai iya taimakawa ya fahimci kadan game da yadda canji da maye gurbi ya haifar da ciwon daji . Ana tsammanin za'a iya yin gyare-gyare ta hanyar juya oncogenes (kwayoyin cutar shan-jini) a kan, ko kuma juya juyin kwayar cutar tumo zuwa matsayi. Kwayoyin murfin tumor sune kwayoyin da ke taimakawa wajen tafiyar da tsarin salon salula wanda, idan ba shi da iko, zai iya haifar da ciwon daji; sun yi aiki sosai kamar tsarin motsa jiki a cikin mota, yayin da haɓakawa sunyi kama da wani mai tasowa wanda aka makale a cikin matsayi.
Ga mafi yawancin, ƙaurawan da suka haifar da leukemias da lymphomas sune saboda canje-canjen da aka samu a cikin DNA, amma wannan ba koyaushe bane. Yawancin lokaci haɗuwa da canjin kwayoyin maimakon daya ko biyu da ke haifar da ciwon daji, kuma a wasu lokuta, wasu daga cikin waɗannan canje-canje zasu iya faruwa kafin haihuwa. Alal misali, a wasu yara da cutar cutar sankarar lymphocytic mai tsanani, canji na farko zai iya faruwa yayin da jariri ke cikin cikin mahaifa.
Cutar Canji na jini (Leukemias da Lymphomas)
Tsirarrayin Chromosomal suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jini. An kiyasta cewa sauyawa sun kasance a cikin kashi 90% na lymphomas kuma fiye da 50% na leukemias.
Wasu ƙaurawan da ke cikin jini sun hada da:
- t (8; 21) - Myeloblastic muriya cutar sankarar bargo tare da maturation
- t (9; 22), san shi ne "Philadelphia Chromosome" - Likitan cutar sankarar mahaifa na zamani (CML) da cutar cutar sankarar lymphocytic m (ALL)
- t (15; 17) - Lurar cutar sankarar mota mai wuya (APL)
- t (12; 15), t (1; 12) - Magungunan cutar sankarar mutelogenous m (AML)
- t (2; 5) - Anaplastic babban cell lymphoma
- t (8; 14) - lykhoma na Burkitt
- t (11; 14) - Mantle cell lymphoma
- t (14; 18) - lymphoma na follicular
Kalma Daga
Magungunan kwakwalwa sun gano ƙaurawar chromosome lokacin da suke yin nazarin kwayoyin halitta na biopsy. Irin wannan binciken yana taimakawa ba kawai don gano cutar ba, har ma don tsara farfado da hangen nesa da sakamakon maganin. Wasu alaguwa, alal misali, na iya nuna alamun cutar da ya fi dacewa da cutar shan magani. Duk da haka, kowane mutum ya bambanta, har ma mutane biyu da irin wannan fasalin na iya samun sakamako daban.
Sources:
Cibiyar Cancer na Amurka. Shin mun san abin da yake haifar da lymphoma ba na Hodgkin? Updated 01/22/16. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/non-hodgkinlymphome/detailedguide/non-hodgkin-lymphome-what-causes
Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Likitan cutar sankarar sankara Lymphoblastic - Lafiya na Lafiya (PDQ). Updated 12/10/15. http://www.cancer.gov/types/leukemia/hp/child-all-treatment-pdq#link/_67_toc
Nambiar, M., da S. Raghavan. Ta yaya DNA ta rabu a lokacin yunkurin chromosomal? Cibiyar Acid Research ta Nucleic . 2011. 39 (14): 5813-5825.