Janar da Jinsin Jiki na Musamman Ana Amfani da su don Tattaunawar Arthritis
Ana amfani da gwaje-gwaje na jini don taimakawa wajen bincikar maganin ƙwayar cutar , saka idanu da tasirin maganin, da kuma yin amfani da aikin cututtuka. Duk da yake gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwajen kayan aiki ne masu mahimmanci, ba su da mahimmanci idan aka la'akari da su kadai. Don samar da cikakkiyar ganewar asali, dole ne a kimanta tarihin likita na likita, tare da gwajin gwaje-gwajen gwaji da nazarin hotunan.
Akwai gwaje-gwaje na jini da kuma gwajin jini na musamman wanda aka yi amfani dasu don kimanta cututtuka.
Gwaje-gwajen Jiki na Gida
Cikakken Ƙidaya (CBC)
Ƙididdigar jini cikakke shi ne gwajin jini wanda ya ƙididdiga adadin kwayoyin jini , jini da jini . Wadanda aka gabatar da su a jikin jini an dakatar da su a cikin plasma (lokacin farin ciki, rawaya mai rawaya, rabon jini). Ma'aikata na atomatik a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje suna ƙidaya yawan nau'in tantanin halitta.
White Cells
Kwayoyin salula sune yawanci 5,000-10,000 ta microliter na jini. Ƙara yawan dabi'u suna ba da kumburi ko kamuwa da cuta. Irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar motsa jiki, sanyi, da damuwa na iya bunkasa ƙananan tantanin halitta.
Red Cells
Ka'idoji na al'ada don jujjuyar salula sun bambanta da jinsi.
- Maza yawanci suna da dabi'un da ke dauke da kwayoyin jan kwayoyin halitta 5-6 a cikin microliter.
- Mata suna da ƙananan al'ada tsakanin 3.6-5.6 miliyan kwayoyin jan kwayoyin halitta ta microliter.
Hemoglobin / Hematocrit
Hemoglobin, abun dauke da baƙin ƙarfe wanda yake dauke da oxygen, ana auna shi a cikin cikakken jini. Halin hawan haemoglobin na al'ada shi ne 13-18 g / dl. Haliglobin na al'ada ga mata shine 12-16 g / dl.
Halin na ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin jini yana auna yawan adadin kwayoyin jan kwayoyin jini kamar kashi ɗaya na yawan jini.
Halayyar hematocrit na al'ada maza tsakanin 40-55% kuma halayyar hematocrit na al'ada mata 36-48%. Yawancin lokaci, hematocrit yana kusan sau 3 da haemoglobin. Ƙididdigar dabi'u suna nuna alamun anemia .
MCV, MCH, MCHC sune ƙananan ƙwayoyin salula wanda ke nuna nauyin girman halayen haemoglobin da kwayoyin launin jan kwayoyin halitta. Ƙididdigar na iya bayar da alamomi game da yiwuwar haddasa anemia.
Platelets
Platelets ne kayan aikin da suke da muhimmanci a tsarin gudanarwa . Magunguna da yawa da suke amfani da su a maganin arthritis na iya rage adadi na platelet ko shafi aikin platelet. Haliyoyin dabi'u na yau da kullum sun kasance daga 150,000-400,000 na microliter.
Bambanci
Kashi da kuma cikakkiyar adadin kowane nau'i na jini mai tsabta shine ake kira bambancin.
- Neutrophils suna karuwa a cikin cututtuka na kwayan cuta da ƙananan ƙumburi.
- Lymphocytes suna karuwa a cikin cututtukan cututtuka.
- Ana bunkasa monocytes a cikin cututtuka na kullum.
- Ana ba da izinin yin amfani da kwayoyin halitta a cikin allergies da sauran yanayi. Wani adadi mai yawa na eosinophils an sani da eosinophilia .
- Basophils , wanda yawanci 1 ko 2% na farin suna ɗaukar bambanci, yana da wuya a ƙara karuwa.
Kumburi
Hanyar ƙonewa zai iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin jini. Yawan kwayoyin launin red zai iya sauka, raƙuman farin tantanin halitta zai iya hawa, kuma ƙididdigar platelet na iya girma.
Duk da yake anemia zai iya biye da maganin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayar cuta wanda zai iya haifar da wasu abubuwa, irin su rashi jini ko rashi ƙarfe. Sai kawai lokacin da wasu ƙananan haddasawa suka ɓace ba zai iya likita ya fassara mawuyacin jini kamar alamar ƙonewa ba.
Faɗar sunadarai
Cibiyar sunadarai sune jerin gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani dasu don kimanta ayyukan ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Ƙungiyar gwaje-gwaje an yi a kan magani (sashi na jini ba tare da sel) ba. Sakaran lantarki, salts a cikin jini ko nau'in nama (misali, sodium, potassium, chloride), sune wani ɓangare na rukunin sunadarai. Akwai kuma gwaje-gwajen da ke zama alamun kula da haɗarin zuciya, ciwon sukari, aikin koda , da hanta .
Alal misali, mai haƙuri tare da matakin high creatinine zai iya zama rashin ciwon koda. Creatinine ne samfurin sharar da aka samu a cikin jini. Wasu nau'i na ƙwayoyin ƙwayar cutar ƙwayar cuta na iya rinjayar aikin koda. Wasu cututtukan arthritis zasu iya shafar aikin koda, ma. Uric acid wani gwaji ne da aka haɗa a cikin rukunin sunadarai na jini. Idan girman tayi, acidic uric na iya nuna alamar gout. Wannan abu ne kawai na misalai. A gaskiya, ilimin sunadarai yana ba da cikakken bayani akan yadda ake aiki da jiki.
Jarabawa na Musamman na Musamman
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)
Tashin ƙwaƙwalwar erythrocyte shine gwaji wanda ya shafi sanya samfurin jini a cikin bututu na musamman da kuma ƙaddara yadda yaduwar jinin jan jiki ya zauna zuwa ƙasa a cikin sa'a daya. Lokacin da kumburi ya kasance, jiki yana samar da sunadarai a cikin jini wanda ya sa sassan jikin jan jikin ya rushe. Magungunan tarin kwayoyin halitta sun fi sauri sauri fiye da kwayoyin ja. Ga masu lafiya, yawan kuɗin na al'ada har zuwa 20 millimeters a cikin awa daya (0-15 mm / hr ga maza da 0-20 mm / hr ga mata). Kumburi yana ƙara ƙimar muhimmanci. Tun lokacin da ƙonewa zai iya hade da yanayi banda arthritis, gwajin gwajin gwaji kawai an dauke shi ba takamaiman ba.
Faɗar Rheumatoid (RF)
Rheumatoid factor ne antibody samu a cikin mutane da yawa marasa lafiya da rheumatoid arthritis . Rheumatoid factor an gano a cikin 1940 ta kuma ya zama wani muhimmin kayan bincike a cikin yanayin rheumatology. Kimanin kashi 80 cikin dari na marasa lafiya na wutsiya na rheumatoid suna da nauyin jini a cikin jini. Babban halayen matsalar rheumatoid suna da alaka da cutar mai tsanani.
Rheumatoid factor zai iya daukar watanni masu yawa don nunawa cikin jini. Idan an gwada shi da wuri a cikin wannan cuta, sakamakon zai iya zama mummunan kuma sake gwadawa ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi a wata rana. A lokuta da marasa lafiya ke nunawa tare da alamu da alamun cututtuka na arthritis na rheumatoid amma suna da matsala ga matsalar rheumatoid, likitoci zasu iya ɗauka cewa wata cuta ita ce maganin ƙwayar maganin rheumatoid. Rheumatoid factor zai iya faruwa a sakamakon mayar da martani ga wasu cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta ko cututtuka, ko da yake yawanci a cikin irin waɗannan lokuta, maida hankali ya fi kasa da arthritis rheumatoid.
HLA bugawa
Kwayoyin jini na jini za'a iya tattake don HLA-B27. Wannan jarrabawar na kowa ne a wuraren likita inda aka yi dashi. HLA-B27 ma alama ce ta kwayoyin da ke hade da wasu cututtuka na wariyar launin fata, yafi magungunan jini da kuma Reiter na ciwo / Rigarrun Arthritis .
Antaniclear Antibody (ANA)
An yi gwajin ANA (antineclear antibody) don taimakawa wajen bincikar wasu cututtuka na rheumatic . Magunguna da wasu cututtuka, musamman lupus , suna samar da kwayoyin cutar zuwa tsakiya na jikin jikin. Ana kiran 'yan ta'adda antibodies ne kuma ana iya ganewa ta hanyar sanya likitan mai magani a kan wani zane-zane na musamman na microscope wanda ya ƙunshi kwayoyin da ba a gani ba. An kara wani abu da ke dauke da yaduwar kyamara. Rigar tana ɗaure ga magungunan a kan zane-zane, yana nuna su a karkashin wani microscope mai tsayi.
- Fiye da kashi 95% na marasa lafiya tare da Lupus suna da gwajin ANA mai kyau.
- 50% na marasa lafiya na wutsiya na rheumatoid sun tabbata ga ANA.
Marasa lafiya tare da wasu cututtuka kuma suna iya samun gwajin ANA masu kyau. Don tabbataccen asali, dole ne a yi la'akari da wasu sharuddan.
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
C-Reactive Protein yayi ƙaddamar da ƙaddamarwa na musamman na gina jiki wadda aka haifa ta hanta. Kwayar sunadaran ne a cikin kwayar cutar jini a lokacin lokuta na mummunan kumburi ko kamuwa da cuta.
A matsayin gwaje-gwajen jini, ana ganin CRP ba ƙayyadadden ba. Kyakkyawan sakamako shine nuni na m kumburi. A lokuta da cututtuka na cututtuka na flammatory, irin su cututtuka na rheumatoid da lupus, likitoci iya amfani da gwajin CRP don saka idanu da tasirin magani da kuma cututtukan cututtuka.
Lupus Erythematosus (LE)
Ba a yi amfani da gwagwarmayar LE ta jiki ba. Sakamakon bincikensa na farko ya bude dukkanin bangarori na magungunan anti-nukiliya, ko da yake. Matsalar - kawai kashi 50 cikin dari na marasa lafiya Lupus suna samuwa don samun gwajin LE masu kyau.
Anti-CCP
Anti-CCP (anti-cyclic citriciced peptide antibody) yana daya daga cikin sabon jini gwaje-gwajen da aka tabbatar da ganewar asali na rheumatoid arthritis. Idan antibody ya kasance a matsayi mai girma, zai iya bayar da shawarar cewa akwai haɗari mafi girma na lalacewar haɗuwa mai tsanani.
Anti-DNA da Anti-Sm
Lupus marasa lafiya sunada kwayoyin halitta zuwa DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Ana samun gwajin gwagwarmaya don samuwa na DNA. Yana da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci, musamman tun lokacin da ba a gano yawancin DNA a cikin mutane ba tare da lupus ba. Jarabawar kuma mai kyau kayan aiki ne saboda matakan da aka yi wa anti-DNA tashi da kuma fada tare da aikin cutar.
Lupus marasa lafiya kuma suna da kwayoyin cutar zuwa Sm (anti-Smith), wani abu a tsakiya na tantanin halitta. Har ila yau, an gano magungunan kwayar cutar Sm ne kawai a cikin marasa lafiya na Lupus. Jarabawar ba ta da amfani sosai wajen kula da aikin cututtuka, ko da yake.
Ƙarin
Shirin da ya dace ya zama wani tsari mai rikitarwa na sunadarai na jini waɗanda suke cikin ɓangaren tsarin tsaro na jiki. Wadannan sunadarai suna aiki har sai antibody yana daura ga antigen kuma yana kunna tsarin da ya dace. Wannan tsarin yana samar da abubuwan da zasu taimaka wajen halakar da kwayoyin cuta da kuma magance masu fashewa. Wadannan halayen suna cinyewa tare da barin matakan da bazuwa suke nunawa na rigakafi da samuwa. Lupus marasa lafiya sau da yawa suna nuna matakan rage yawan jimla . Jarabawar da za a iya gwadawa zai iya taimakawa wajen lura da aikin cututtuka na haƙuri na lupus.
Sources:
Kelley's Textbook na Rheumatology. Elsevier. Tsarin na tara.
Cibiyar Nazarin Arthritis ta Jami'ar Duke, David S. Pisetsky, MD, Ph.D.