Coccidioimycosis wata cuta ce wadda Coccidioides immitis ko Coccidioides posadaii , wanda aka fi sani da suna "Valley Fever". Yana da iyaka ga yankunan Amurka ta kudu, daga Texas zuwa kudancin California, da kuma arewacin Mexico, Amurka ta tsakiya, da kuma Kudancin Amirka.
Yayinda coccidioimycosis ke nunawa a cikin huhu (huhu), lokacin da ya yada bayan ƙwayar jiki (extrapulmonary) an dauke shi ne da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka ta Amurka (CDC).
Ƙimar Tashin hankali na Coccidioimycosis
Bisa ga CDC, yawancin yawan abin da ke faruwa a Amurka yana da mutum 44 daga 100,000. Duk da haka, mafi yawan waɗannan lokuta sun faru a jihohin biyu (Arizona, California), inda nauyin haɗarin zai iya tafiya har zuwa 248 da 100,000.
A 2011, sama da 22,000 sababbin cututtukan coccidioimycosis aka ruwaito ta CDC, karuwa goma daga 1998. A California kadai, yawan ya karu daga 719 a 1998 zuwa sama da 5,697 a shekarar 2011.
Wannan ya ce, a tsakanin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV, haɗarin bayyanar cututtuka na coccidioidomycosis ya ragu sosai tun lokacin zuwan haɗuwa da maganin cutar antiretroviral (cART) , yayin da maganin cututtuka na cutar ya kasance mai tsanani.
Hanyoyin Transmission
Coccidioides sun kasance a cikin ƙasa inda zai iya inganta spores spores a lokacin damina. Ana haifar da kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar yin amfani da waɗannan fungal spores, yawanci ba tare da mutum ko da yake sanin shi ba.
Da zarar cikin cikin huhu, dabbar za ta iya haifar da wasu spores, wanda ya haifar da nodules wanda zai iya ɓatarwa da kuma haifar da kumburi a cikin bronchi. A cikin rundunonin da ba a yarda da su ba-musamman wadanda suka kamu da kwayar cutar HIV tare da CD4 sunyi la'akari da kwayoyin 250 ko μL-wannan zai iya haifar da cututtuka mai tsanani. Naman gwari zai iya yada daga huhu a cikin jini, inda zai iya rinjayar wasu sassa na jiki.
Ba a daukar kwayoyin coccidioides daga mutum zuwa mutum.
Cutar cututtuka na Coccidioimycosis
Yawancin mutanen da ba su kamu da cutar ba su fuskanci wani bayyanar cututtuka ko sakamakon kamuwa da cuta. A wa] anda ke yin haka, bayyanar cututtuka suna da iyakancewar jiki da kuma gabatar da su tare da kamuwa da cututtuka irin su:
- Fever
- Ciwon kai
- Ƙara
- Ƙunƙun zuma
- Rawancin numfashi
- Hannu
- Myalgia (ciwon tsoka) da arthralgia (haɗin gwiwa)
- Wulo
Hakan zai iya ci gaba a cikin kimanin kashi 25 cikin dari. Rashin raguwa yana da tsattsauran ra'ayi zuwa ƙananan ƙarancin, wanda aka nuna ta hanyar launin jan nodules mai launin ƙwayar ko ƙananan nau'i. A wasu lokuta (kimanin 5-8%), kamuwa da cuta zai iya ci gaba zuwa wata al'umma marar rikici-samu ciwon huhu (CAP), wanda sau da yawa yakan magance ba tare da wani maganin rigakafi ba.
Duk da haka, a lokuta masu wuya, coccidioimycosis zai iya zama mafi tsanani, yana haifar da mawuyaci da cavities a cikin huhu. Da zarar sun watsar (watau yadawa fiye da huhu), zai iya lalata jiki, sakamakon haka:
- Skin ulcers da abscesses
- Jona da ciwo mai raɗaɗi
- Sukan raunuka
- Zuciyar zuciya
- Matsalar ƙwayar mahaifa
- Meningitis
Mutuwa ne mafi yawan barazanar rikici na coccidioimycosis. Yayinda yawancin mace-mace a Amurka suna dauke da low (0.07%), ga wadanda ke da ciwon HIV (CD4 a ƙarƙashin kwayoyin 100), mutum mai mutuwa zai iya zama kusan 70% har ma da magani mai dacewa.
Sanin ganewa na Coccidioimycosis
Coccidioimycosis za a iya bincikar su ta hanyar binciken microscopic jiki na ruwa, sputum, exudates (misali tura), ko kuma biopsies nama. Ana iya yin ganewar asali tare da gwajin PCR (jigidar polymerase chain), wanda ke ƙarfafa DNA daga samfurori na serological don tabbatar da kamuwa da Coccidioides .
Jiyya na Coccidioimycosis
A cikin wadanda ba su da kwarewa da kwayar cutar HIV (CD4 a kan 250 Kwayoyin / μL), coccidioimycosis yana kan iyakancewa kuma baya buƙatar takamaiman magani ba tare da kulawa ba.
Ga wa] anda ke buƙatar magani-ko dai saboda ci gaba da bayyanar cututtuka ko cutar ci gaba-maganganun maganganu masu mahimmanci ana la'akari da zaɓi na farko.
Daga cikin wadannan, ketoconazole ne kawai izinin FDA don maganin coccidioimycosis, ko da yake mafi yawan masana a yau ko dai fluconazole ko itraconazole. (Ka lura cewa ketoconazole, fluconazole, da kuma itraconazole suna da alaƙa da juna a lokacin haihuwa da kuma nono.)
Saboda mummunan rashin lafiya, an amfanar da amphotericin B wanda ake amfani da shi a matsayin ƙwayar magani. An gudanar da shi a cikin intravenously har sai an fara kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta, bayan haka bayan an yi amfani da kwayar cutar ta kogin ketoconazole na rayuwa, ana amfani da fluconazole ko itraconazole.
Ga marasa lafiya tare da meningitis na coccidioidal, amphotericin B za a iya gudanar da su cikin jiki (watau a cikin sararin da ke kewaye da kwakwalwa ko ƙwararru).
Rigakafin Coccidioimycosis
Yana da wuyar hana coccidioimycosis a yankunan da ke damuwa. Saboda mummunar matsalar rigakafi, farfadowa na prophylactic zai iya taimakawa wajen kawar da kamuwa da cuta. Babu maganin alurar rigakafi a halin yanzu. Idan kana zaune a wani yanki na ƙananan yanayi kuma ka yi imani da kanka ka kasance cikin haɗari, akwai wasu tsare-tsaren da za ka iya ɗauka:
- Yi garkuwar ƙura a lokacin yin aiki tare da ƙasa, ko ruwa ya rage ƙasa don rage naman gwari mai iska.
- Ka guji fita a waje yayin hadari ko iska mai iska.
- Yi amfani da matakan iska, irin su murfin HEPA , kuma shigar da taga mai banƙyama da hatimi.
- Idan aiki a gine-ginen gini, yi amfani da nauyin gyaran gyare-gyaren ƙirar N95.
Sources:
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC). "Haɓaka a cikin Coccidioidomycosis da aka ruwaito - Amurka, 1998-2011." Rahoton Mutuwa da Tsarin Kwararru (MMWR). Maris 29, 2013: 62 (12): 217-221.
Galgiani, J. "Coccidioimycosis." Jaridar Royal Society of Medicine Tropical and Hygiene. 2005; 41 (9): 1217-1223.
Pickering, L .; Baker, C. Kimberlin, D; et al. "Coccidioimycosis." Cibiyar Harkokin Ilimin Harkokin Ilimin Harkokin Yara na Amirka, Red Book: 2009 Rahoto ga kwamitin kan cututtukan cututtuka. Elk Grove Village, Illinois; 28th Edition: 266-268.
Masannat, F. da Ampel, M. "Coccidioidomycosis a cikin marasa lafiya da HIV-1 Inganta cuta a cikin Era of Potent Antiretroviral Far." Cututtuka na cututtuka na asibiti. Janairu 2010; 50: 1-7.
Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC). "Haɓaka a Coccidioidomycosis - United California, 2009." Rahoton Mutuwa da Tsarin Kwararru (MMWR). Fabrairu 13, 2009: 58 (5): 105-109.
Tsarin magana: kok-si-dee-oh-my-KOH-sis
Har ila yau Known As:
- Coccidioidal Granuloma
- Cocci
- "California Fever"
- "Desert Rheumatism"
- Posadas Wernicke cuta
- "San Joaquin Valley Fever"
Common Misspellings: coccidiomycosis