Ɗaukaka Ɗaukaka Taimakawa Ƙarin Ɗaukaka Ƙaƙa
A shekara ta 2017, shirin duniya kan cutar rashin lafiya mai kwakwalwa (GOLD), kwamitin kundin duniya na masana likitoci, ya sabunta shawarwari game da ganewa da kuma kula da cutar cututtuka (COPD) .
Tun da sakinta na farko a shekara ta 2012, kwamitin ya yi canje-canje a kan yadda likitoci ke nufi su kusanci cutar, sauƙaƙe ma'anar da kuma canza yanayin da aka gwada lafiyar cututtuka da kuma magance hanyoyin shan magani.
Yayin da masana kimiyya ke ci gaba da samun fahimtar sakamako mai dadewa da tasiri na maganin COPD, an mayar da hankali zuwa ga mai haƙuri, tare da magance jiyya ga mutum amma maimakon mataki na cutar.
Canje-canje a cikin Magana
Daga cikin manyan canje-canje a cikin sabuntawar 2017 shine ma'anar COPD kanta. A baya, cutar ta bayyana ta musamman ta hanyar matakanta, daga hanyoyin da zafin kumburi da irin yadda cutar ta ci gaba.
Babu sauran. A madadinsa, kwamitin na GOLD ya bayyana COPD a matsayin "lafiyar jiki, wanda ba zai iya hanawa ba kuma wanda zai iya ganowa wanda yake nuna alamun cututtuka na numfashi da kuma ƙuntataccen iska ... yawanci yakan haifar da tasiri ga ƙwayoyi ko gas."
Babu cutar da aka kwatanta a cikin sharuddan kwarewa ko hanyoyin cututtuka ko cututtuka marasa lafiya . Maimakon haka, an rushe shi cikin sauƙi-da-tasiri: yadda yaduwa ga wani abu mai banƙyama (kamar cigare) zai iya haifar da rashin lafiya na numfashi.
Duk da yake wannan canji na iya zama abin bala'i, yana rinjayar daya daga cikin manyan matsaloli na bincikar maganin COPD. Ya yarda cewa mutanen da ba su da wata shaida ta asibiti na ƙuntataccen jirgin sama na iya samun alamun bayyanar cututtuka, wani lokaci mai tsanani.
Saboda haka, maimakon yin la'akari da sakamakon maganin bayyanar cututtuka, likitoci sun mayar da hankali a kan hanyar, sakamako, da kuma halayen haƙuri don jagorantar hanyar magani.
Canje-canje a fahimtarmu game da ci gaban cututtuka
Har ila yau, rikici ya kasance fahimtarmu game da ci gaba da cutar. Yayin da muka fi tarayya da COPD tare da shan taba (da kwamitin kwamitin na GOLD ya sanya shi "mai kaifin kansa"), gaskiyar ita ce ba duka masu shan taba ba suna samun COPD kuma ba duka mutane da COPD masu shan taba ba ne.
Shafin da aka sabunta na GOLD ya yarda cewa har yanzu ba mu san ko wane wuri ba game da wanda yake samun COPD kuma wanda ba shi da. Bugu da ƙari, yana nunawa si cigaba, kwamitin na GOLD ya gane wasu abubuwan da suka dace da cutar, ciki har da:
- Rashin girma na huhu a lokacin gestation da yara
- Bayyanawa ga magunguna masu guba a cikin saitunan sana'a
- Daban-daban na gurɓin iska
- Matsayi na tattalin arziki mara kyau
- Ƙauraran gidajen da aka yi
- Bayyana ga masu konewa (ciki har da wuta da mai dafa abinci)
- Sauran cututtuka na huhu (irin su ciwon daji ko cututtuka)
- Maganin ƙwayar cuta mai banƙyama, watakila yiwuwar zama ko sakamakon sakamakon ciwo mai rauni ko ciwon jini
Abin da wannan kawai ke gaya mana ita ce, har sai mun fahimci yanayin da ke ciki na COPD, muna bukatar mu dubi cutar-da kuma cututtukan cututtuka-daga hangen nesa fiye da siga da cigare kadai .
Canje-canje a Ayyukan Kulawa
A baya, an tsara tsarin tsare-tsaren ta gwajin da aka sani da post-bronchodilator FEV1 . Bisa ga sakamakon, cutar mutum zai karu kamar yadda A (m), B (matsakaici), C (mai tsanani), ko D (mai tsanani). Za a yi wa magani asali bisa tsari.
A cikin shekara ta 2012, kwamitin na GOLD ya sake nazarin ka'idodin don tabbatar da ƙaddamar da ABCD ta hanyar nazari akan sakamakon binciken, ciki har da FEV1 da tarihin mutum na ƙwaƙwalwar COPD .
Matsalar tare da waɗannan hanyoyi guda biyu ita ce sun kasa fahimtar cewa alamun COPD ba su dace da kullun ba.
Ɗaya daga cikin hannu ɗaya, mutumin da ba shi da shaidar da ta rufe jirgin sama na iya samun alamun COPD mai tsanani. A wani ɓangare, mutumin da ke da alamar ƙuntataccen matsakaici zai iya samun 'yan alamun kaɗan kuma ya sarrafa lafiya.
Saboda wannan, sabon jagororin sun bada shawarar cewa magani na maganin COPD ya kamata a shiryar da shi kawai ta hanyar bayyanar cututtuka na mutum. Bugu da ƙari, ƙaddarar ya kamata ya zama tushen ƙwarewa ta hanyar haƙuri.
Da dama likitoci sun riga sun fara yin wannan ta yin amfani da gwajin gwajin COPD (CAT) wanda aka tambayi mutum don yayi la'akari da tsananin bayyanar cututtuka ko rashin lafiya a kan sikelin zero zuwa biyar. Jarabawar ba wai kawai tana nufin tabbatar da mummunan bayyanar cututtuka ba amma yadda "mummunan" ko "mai kyau" mutum ya gane rashin lafiyarsa. Wadannan bayanai zasu iya taimakawa likita ya hango yadda mutum zai magance magani, wanda zai iya hada da magani, motsa jiki, abinci, da kuma shan taba .
Ta hanyar sauya mayar da hankali zuwa ga mai haƙuri, ka'idodin da aka sabunta na GOLD sun nuna muhimmancin samun kwarewa da hukunci a kan jagorancin magani fiye da biyaya ga wani littafi mai dacewa guda ɗaya.
> Source:
> Roversi, S .; Corbetta, L .; da kuma Clini, E. "Gudanar da shawarwari na 2017 ga marasa lafiya COPD: zuwa ga mafi dacewa," COPD Research and Practice. 2017; 3: 5. DOI: 10.1186 / s40749-017-0024-y.