Wannan samfurin superbug ne wanda aka samu a Amurka
A lokacin mulkinsa, Shugaba Obama ya samu raunuka don bayar da umurnin. Tsarin doka na ba da damar shugaban kasa ya kafa manufofi ba tare da shigar da majalisa ba kuma amfani da muhawarar jama'a.
Yayinda wasu umarni na Obama suka haifar da rikice-rikice da rikice-rikice, ana amfana da amfanin wasu. Musamman a shekarar 2015, Obama ya ba da shiri na National Action Plan domin magance kwayoyin cutar ta Antibiotic.
A cewar gwamnatin Obama, a nan ne manufofin wannan zartarwar:
- Saura da gaggawa daga cikin kwayoyin cutar da kuma hana yaduwar cutar cututtuka.
- Ƙarfafa Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa daya don Yarda Gwagwarmaya.
- Ci gaba da bunkasa da amfani da Rapid da ƙwararren gwaje-gwajen Diagnostic Gwaje-gwaje don Bayyanawa da Fassara na Bacteria Tsaya.
- Hanzarta Shirye-shiryen Bincike da Binciken Sabbin Kwayoyin Kwayoyi, Sauran Harkokin Kifi, da Kwayoyi.
- Inganta Cibiyar Harkokin Gudanar da Ƙasa ta Duniya da Harkokin Tsarin Rigakafin Tsarin Kwayoyin cuta, Kulawa, Gudanarwa, da Cibiyar Nazarin Dabbobi.
Don saduwa da wadannan manufofi, shugaban ya nemi taimako ga kungiyoyi daban-daban, ciki har da Sashen Tsaro (DD), Ma'aikatar Aikin Noma (USDA), da Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Harkokin Kiyukan Dan Adam (HHS). A cikin watan Mayu 2016, wadannan kungiyoyin sun ba da labarai: mcr-1 E. coli aka gano a cikin wani mai lafiya a Walter Reed Medical Center a Amurka. Wannan mai haƙuri yana da kamuwa da urinary kamuwa da cuta wanda ya yi da'awar damar iya magance shi tare da sauran kwayoyin.
Colistin wata magungunan karshe ne a kare mu daga cutar. Mutane da yawa masanan harkokin kiwon lafiya, masu bincike, da kuma likitoci sun ji tsoron tsayin doki na wani lokaci. Bugu da ƙari kuma, mcr-1 E. Coli yana da damar canja wannan kwayoyin jure wa wasu kwayoyin ta amfani da kwayar cutar.
Me ya sa ya damu game da tsayayyar cutar daji?
Tun daga shekarar 1928, tare da gabatar da penicillin, maganin rigakafi sun ceci rayukan mutane da yawa a dukan duniya. Ba da daɗewa bayan gabatarwar maganin rigakafi, tsayayyar juriya tsakanin wasu nau'in kwayoyin cuta an lura. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, wannan juriya ya karu da kwayoyin cuta masu yawa, ko superbugs , sun zama mummunar barazana ga lafiyar jama'a da aminci.
Kwamitin CDC ya kiyasta kusan kusan miliyan biyu na cututtukan maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi da ke faruwa a kowace shekara a Amurka wanda ya haifar da mutuwar mutane 23,000.
Tare da fashewar kwanan nan a cikin juriya na multidrug , adadin magunguna da ke aiki akan wadannan kwayoyin sun rushe. Bugu da ƙari, maganin maganin rigakafin da ke magance kwayoyin tsabta zai iya zama tsada.
Mene Ne Colistin?
Colistin yana da nau'i na maganin rigakafin da ake kira polymyxins. Ana samun nau'o'in polymyxin guda biyu: polymyxin B da polymyxin E. Colistin shine polymyxin E da kuma mafi yawan amfani da su.
An fara amfani da Colistin a shekarun 1960; Duk da haka, amfani da wannan wakili an dakatar da shi da sauri saboda ya haifar da ƙananan neurotoxicity da nephrotoxicity. A wasu kalmomi, colistin ya lalata ciwon daji da kuma koda, haka nan.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan tare da tayarwar juriya na multidrug, dole ne mu sake dawowa da colistin don magance kwayoyin cutar da yanzu ke tsayayya da maganin maganin rigakafi. Colistin yana da mahimmanci tasiri amma yana aiki akan wasu kwayoyin pathogens, irin su P aeruginosa , zuriya Acinetobacter , da kuma Klebsiella . Bayan bayanin kula, duk wadannan nau'in kwayoyin halitta zasu iya haifar da cututtukan jini (sepsis) da cututtuka na huhu (ciwon huhu), cututtuka na urinary, fata da cututtuka, tare da cututtuka bayan tiyata. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan kwayoyin suna kama da mutane da yawa marasa lafiya kuma sunyi sulhu da tsarin tsarin.
Canja wurin Juyin Tsarin Tsarin Kwayoyin cutar ta Plasmids
Abin da ya sa wannan sabon damuwa mai wuya na E. Coli troublesome shi ne cewa zai iya canja wurin bayanin kayyadeccen kwayoyin halitta don jure wasu kwayoyin cuta ta hanyar plasmids (watau mcr-1 ko ƙwayoyin maganin polymyxin mai rikici a plasmid).
Kamar yadda aka ruwaito a Lancet a watan Nuwambar 2015, masu bincike na kasar Sin sun kasance farkon su gano wannan sabon jigilar. Masu bincike sun gano wannan kwayar kwayar cutar a lokacin binciken aikin yau da kullum na nazarin maganganu na antimicrobial tsakanin Escherichia coli da aka samu daga dabbobi a cikin samar da abinci.
A cikin tsaka-tsakin tsakanin ganowar Sin da wannan kwayoyin cutar da kwayar cutar dake cikin Walter Reed National Army Center, inda masu bincike na tarayya suka gano hakan, wannan mahimmanci ya samo a wasu ƙasashe, kuma yana nufin ya riga ya yada a duniya.
Abin farin ciki ne, binciken da Hukumar Neman Kulawa ta Tsarin Abimukura ta Duniya ta yi amfani da ita - aikin da aka hade tsakanin USDA, Lafiya da Harkokin Mutane (HHS), da kuma hukumomi na jihohi da na gida - suna nuna cewa cirewa daga collagen E. coli . Bugu da ƙari kuma, daga Salmonella da Klebsiella , wasu nau'ikan kwayoyin cuta, ba su nuna shaidar mcr-1 ba.
Canja wurin bayanin kwayoyin halitta tsakanin kwayoyin halitta mai kyau ne. Ba kwayoyin ba kawai za su iya canza bayanan bayanan bayanai don tsayayya ga 'ya'ya-ana kira su a matsayin watsa-tsaye-amma kwayoyin zasu iya canja wurin irin wannan bayanin ta hanyar canzawar gwargwado. A wasu kalmomi, ko da bayan an kafa kwayar halitta zai iya tattara bayanan kwayoyin daga wani kwayoyin.
Mafi mahimmanci, wannan tsari na gwargwadon gwanin kwalliya yana cike da kwayar cutar ƙwayoyin cuta, ko kuma ɓangaren ƙananan ruwa na kananan, madauwari, DNA guda biyu, wanda ya bambanta daga DNA na chromosomal. Plasmids sun ƙunshi bayanin da ya nuna alamar kariya ga kwayoyin, kamar juriya kwayoyin. Tare da gwargwadon gwargwadon jigilar jini, ƙwayoyin plasmids suna canjawa cikin kwayoyin.
Bari mu sanya jigilar kwayoyin jigilar kwayoyin jigilar kwayoyin halitta a cikin hangen nesa ta hanyar misali (albeit bit bit). Ka yi tunanin kun kasance a wata ƙungiya kuma wani mutum yana da ikon sihiri don tsayayya da cyanide. Wannan sihirin sihirin an sanya shi a cikin jinsinta kuma za'a iya raba shi ga 'ya'yanta. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ƙwarewar za a iya canjawa wuri zuwa wani mutum ta hanyar yin amfani da ruwan sanyi. Kafin ka san shi, kowa yana kwance abincinta. Bugu da ƙari kuma, wasu masu zanga-zanga a jam'iyyar suna da tsayayyar sihirin kansu don guba, wanda suke biye da wasu ta hanyar amfani da kansu. Kafin ka san shi, wasu masu tsauraran sun tayar da wani bangare na tsayayyar da ke taimaka musu magance nau'o'in nau'i.
Kammalawa
Abinda ke faruwa na yau da kullum wanda zai iya zama mai rikici zai iya jin dadi. A matsayin mutum, zaka iya yin bangaren ka don rage tsayayyar kwayoyin ta hanyar shan maganin rigakafi kawai lokacin da kake buƙata. Har ila yau, ya kamata ku tabbatar da kammala dukkan hanyoyin maganin maganin rigakafi, tun lokacin da aka dakatar da shi yana inganta ci gaban maganin maganin rigakafi. A ƙarshe, saboda ana iya gano mcr-1 E. Coli da sauran kwayoyin nama a cikin nama da ƙwayoyin kiwon kaji, yana da kyau koyaushe don cikakke abincinku kafin amfani.
Sources:
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Carroll KC, Hobden JA, Miller S, Morse SA, Mietzner TA, Detrick B, Mitchell TG, McKerrow JH, Sakanari JA. Fassara Genetics. A cikin: Carroll KC, Hobden JA, Miller S, Morse SA, Mietzner TA, Detrick B, Mitchell TG, McKerrow JH, Sakanari JA. eds. Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 27th . New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2015. An samu damar shiga ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2016.
Liu, Yi-Yun et al. Kaddamar da tsari na MCR-1 a cikin kwayoyin halitta da mutane a cikin Sin: nazarin kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta. A Lancet cututtuka cututtuka , Volume 16, Issue 2, 161 - 168.
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