Amincewa da Tambayoyi na A1C na Gaskiya a Mutum tare da Sauran Halitta Hemoglobin
Hemoglobin da ciwon sukari suna da dangantaka mai gudana. Glucose tattara a kan hemoglobin a cikin jinin jininku kuma ya tsaya a can har zuwa watanni uku. Adadin glucose a haɗe zuwa ga haemoglobin an gwada shi a gwajin A1c na hemoglobin kuma aka ruwaito shi kamar lambar EAG. Wannan lambar, duk da haka, yana da rinjaye fiye da yawan jini na jini, kuma don fahimtar matakanka yana da muhimmanci a fahimci wasu batutuwa.
Yaya cututtukan haemoglobin da cututtukan sukari suka shafi, kuma a yaushe ne jarrabawar A1c naka ba daidai ba ce?
Mene ne Hemoglobin?
Hemoglobin wata kwayar sunadarin sunadaran ne a cikin jinin jininka wanda ke ɗauke da oxygen daga cikin huhu zuwa duk sassan jikinka. Kusan dukkanin oxygen a cikin jininka ana ɗaukewa a kan hemoglobin, don haka yana da muhimmanci ƙwarai. Ya ƙunshi baƙin ƙarfe kuma shine abin da ke sa jigun jini ya mutu a launi. Yayin da kake da "jini maras nauyi" yana da saboda rashin isasshen ƙarancin jini a cikin jikinka na jan.
Yaya ake amfani da Hemoglobin don Gwaji don Ciwon sukari?
Lokacin da ka ci abinci, jikinka ya kara yawan carbohydrates cikin glucose ko sukari wanda yayi amfani da makamashi. Ya ƙare ƙare cikin jininka don ya iya ɗauka zuwa dukan sassan jikinka. Wasu daga cikin sukari da suka ƙare a jininka sun haɗa zuwa ga hemoglobin a kan jinin jininka kuma suna tsaya a can har zuwa watanni uku. Yawancin jikinka na red ana sake yin amfani da su bayan watanni hudu, don haka tantunanku suna nuna kawai tarihin watanni uku da suka gabata.
Idan kana da girman sukari a cikin jininka, kamar yadda mutane da yawa da ciwon sukari suke yi, to, mafi yawan sukari za su haɗa kai zuwa jinin jininku. Mafi girman ƙin sukari a cikin jininka, yawan sukari ya danganta ga haemoglobin.
Hemoglobin A1c Test da Ciwon sukari
Gwajin gwajin glucose na yau da kullum yana da mahimmanci a cikin kulawar ciwon sukari.
Amma, waɗannan gwaje-gwajen suna ba da hotunan glucose a cikin jini a lokacin gwajin. Sa'a daya daga baya, sakamakon zai iya zama daban. Wani gwaji da ake kira haemoglobin A1c (ko gwajin glycohemoglobin) ya ba da ra'ayi mafi tsawo akan matakan glucose ta hanyar auna yawan glucose ya hade zuwa haemoglobin akan rayuwar jikin jini, wanda shine kusan watanni uku. Anyi la'akari da gwaji na zinariya don fahimtar matakan glucose na tsawon lokaci a cikin jini kuma shawarar da Cibiyar Ciwon sukari ta Amurka ta shawarta. Ana amfani da ita azaman gwajin gwajin don ciwon sukari.
Hemoglobin Variants Shafi Ƙarar A1C
A gwajin A1c ba daidai ba ne a cikin mutane tare da nau'in siffofin haemoglobin. Wadannan gwaje-gwaje an tsara su ne ga mutanen da ke da hemoglobin A, mafi yawan yawan haemoglobin. Wadannan nau'o'in haemoglobin sune na kowa (an gaji) a cikin mutane da dama na Afirka, Rumundiya, da kuma asalin kudu maso gabashin Asia. Har ila yau, akwai nau'o'in haɓakar haemoglobin A. Haliglobin na al'ada ya ƙunshi biyu A sarƙoƙi ko sassan B biyu. Lokacin da ko wane daga cikin waɗannan sarƙoƙi sun ɓace (yanayin gadon) yanayin da ake haifar da shi shine thalassemia .
Hanyoyin hemoglobin sun hada da:
- Hemoglobin S (aka samu tare da sikila)
- Hemoglobin C
- Hemoglobin E
- Hemoglobin F - Hemoglobin F yana gani lokacin daukar ciki, cikin tayin kuma wani lokaci a ciki.
- Yawanci da yawa marasa bambanci irin su Hb D ko G, Hb J, da sauransu
- Haemoglobin carbamylated (samo a cikin mutane da gazawar koda)
Ba duka bambance-bambance na haemoglobin zai kai ga matsalolin kiwon lafiya, kamar yadda suke yi tare da cutar sikila, amma zasu iya haifar da sakamako mai kyau tare da gwajin A1c. Alal misali, mutanen da ke da suturar sikila - suna ɗauke da cutar sikila amma basu da alamun cututtuka na cutar. Za su, duk da haka, suna da ƙididdiga marasa kyau a kan gwajin A1c.
Muhimmancin Mahimmancin Yamoglobin da Ciwon sukari
Idan kana da bambancin haemoglobin, zai yiwu za ka sami wani labari mai kyau a kan gwajin HbA1c yana gaya muku da likitanku cewa jinin jini ya yi yawa, koda kuwa ba haka ba ne.
Saboda haka, za a iya ƙara yawan magungunan ciwon sukari ko kuma insulin dinka, don ƙoƙari ya kawo ciwon sukari a karkashin iko mafi kyau. Abin takaici, wannan karuwa zai iya haifar da yaduwar jini ( hypoglycemia ) wanda zai iya zama mai hatsarin gaske a wasu lokuta kuma yana gaggawa gaggawa.
Harshen kirki mai kyau yana iya sa ku da likitanku suyi imani da cewa kuna da ciwon sukari ko da kayi ba. Magunguna ko insulin za'a iya farawa, wanda, kamar yadda ke sama, zai iya haifar da hypoglycemia. A hankali, ganewar asali na iya zama mai matukar damuwa, idan kun yarda kuna da yanayin da ba ku yi ba.
Wanene zai iya samun Bambanci?
Wanene ya kamata a jarraba ya gani idan suna da bambancin haemoglobin? Mutane da yawa suna iya samun haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka suna hada da wadanda:
- Shin Afirka ne, Ruman, ko Gabas ta Tsakiya ta kudu maso gabas
- Yi tarihin iyali game da wanda ke da haɓakar haemoglobin
- Idan kana mamaki da sakamakon binciken A1c ɗinka (alal misali, idan yana da girma kuma karatunka sun yi kyau)
- Idan karatun A1c yana da yawa
- Idan karatun A1c ya canza da muhimmanci tare da sauyawa a cikin lab ɗin da ke yin waɗannan gwaje-gwaje
Idan kana da bambancin haemoglobin, za a iya samun gwajin HbA1c. Ba dukkanin gwaje-gwajen da ke dauke da haɓakar haemoglobin ba, kuma likitanku na bukatar yin jarrabawar ku a inda aka dauki wannan la'akari.
Yaya Saurin Halittar Hemoglobin?
A cikin babban binciken da aka yi game da yawancin jama'ar Arewacin Amirka, kashi 3.77 cikin dari na mutane sun sami samun bambancin haemoglobin. Daga cikin waɗannan, bambance-bambancen sun hada da:
- HbS ( yanayin sikila ) - 2.85 bisa dari
- HbSS ( cutar sikila ) - kashi 0.03
- HbC hali - 0.61 bisa dari
- HbCC cutar - kashi 0.01
- HbSC - kashi 0.04
- HbE - 0.13 bisa dari
- HbD ko G - 0.6 bisa dari
- HbS B-thalasemia - 0.1 bisa dari
- HbF na ci gaba - kashi 0.01
- HbMontgomery - kashi 0.01
Alpha thalassemia ya kasance a kashi 3.82 bisa dari na wadanda ke da sifofin haemoglobin.
Sauran Ayyukan Da Za Su Yi Magana da Harshen Harshen A1C
Tun da matakan da aka samu na haemoglobin A1c sun dogara ne akan jinin jinin, duk wani abin da ya dame tare da (rage) rai na jinin jini zai iya haifar da sakamako mara kyau. Alal misali, asarar jini saboda aikin tiyata ko lokacin hasara mai tsanani ko kuma yanayin da ya faru kamar anemia na jini zai iya haifar da ƙananan karatu. Matsayi na rashin ƙarfin baƙin ƙarfe zai iya haifar da ƙananan karatun, yayin da matakan maye gurbin zai iya haifar da matakai masu girma. Idan har ka sami jini, to matakanka kuma ba daidai ba ne. Hemoglobin A1c matakan zai iya zama da wuyar fassarawa mutane tare da gazawar koda saboda wasu dalilai.
Rafin Ƙasa a kan Matsanancin Halitta da Hemoglobin A1C Levels
Halin da aka samu na haemoglobin A1c yana da mahimmanci a ƙayyade yawan jini na jini a kan tsawon lokaci. Abin takaici, haɓakar haemoglobin zai iya yin wannan gwaji ba daidai ba, saboda haka rage daidaito.
Idan matakan A1c ba su zama daidai da ƙwaƙwalwar glucose na yau da kullum, musamman idan kana daga Afirka, Rumunan, ko Gabas ta Tsakiya ta kudu maso gabashin Asia, yi magana da likitanka game da yin gwaji mai sauƙi don ganin idan kana da bambancin haemoglobin. Sanin cewa kuna da bambance-bambance, likita zai iya tabbatar da cewa an gwada jini a cikin wani lab wanda yayi amfani da hanyoyin da waɗannan bambance-bambance basu shafi ba.
> Sources:
> Little, R., La'ulu, S., Hanson, S., Rohlfing, C., da R. Schmidt. Hanyoyi na Rare HbA1c mai Sauƙi Bambance-bambancen HbA1c a Hanyoyi guda takwas. Journal of Ciwon sukari Kimiyya da fasaha . 2015. 9 (4): 849-56.
> Lorenzo-Medina, M., De la-Iglesia, S., Ropero, P., Noqueira-Salqueiro, P., da J. Santana-Benitiz. Hanyoyin Halitta na Hemoglobin a kan Hemoglobin A1C Darajar da aka Yi amfani da Hanyar Kasuwancin Liquid-High Liquid. Journal of Ciwon sukari Kimiyya da fasaha . 2014. 8 (6): 1168-1176.
> Hanyoyi mai suna Hemoglobin na iya haifar da bambancin mahimmanci a cikin Hemoglobin A1c kamar yadda ake nunawa ta hanyar Liquid Chromatography da hanyoyin Enzymatic a cikin marasa lafiya na ciwon sukari: Nazari na Giciye. Annals na Clinical Biochemistry . 2016 Aug 5. (Epub gaba da bugu).