Binciken Sabbin Ƙananan Nero a matsayin Mai Mahimmanci ga Hanyar tausayi
Me ya sa ya kamata motsin zuciyarmu ya kasance mai ban tsoro? Me yasa ganin ganin wani dariya ya sa mu so mu yi dariya? Ko kuka, saboda wannan al'amari?
A kan batun da ba'a da alaƙa ba, me yasa a duniya muke yi lokacin da wasu suka yi kuka?
Kayan daji na Mirror a cikin birai
Wasu masu bincike sun yarda da amsoshin tambayoyin da suke da irin waɗannan za a samu a cikin binciken "dabarar mirror." A cikin shekarun 1980 da 1990, wani rukuni na Italiyanci neurophysiologists a Jami'ar Parma suna nazarin aikin neu ta hanyar saka matasan kai tsaye a kan labaran masarautar macaque.
Hakan zai iya isa ga abinci, kuma wani neuron (ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta) zai ƙone. Abin sha'awa shine, masu bincike sun gano cewa wadannan kwayoyin sun harbe lokacin da biri ya ga dan Adam ya karbi wani abinci. Wannan ya haifar da ƙarin gwaje-gwajen da suka sami irin wannan "madubi" a cikin kimanin kashi goma cikin nau'i na ƙwayoyin hannu a wasu yankuna na gaba da kuma cortices na birai.
Kayan daji na Mirror a cikin 'Yan Adam
Daidaita aikin lantarki kai tsaye a saman kwakwalwa yana da ƙalubale fiye da yin haka a macaques. Tare da zuwan haɓakaccen haɓakaccen haɓaka na magnetic jiki , nazarin irin wannan hanyar sadarwa ya zama mai yiwuwa a cikin mutane. Ayyukan da ba a gudanar da aikin aiki ba sun nuna cewa akwai yankunan da suka haɗu tsakanin yankunan da ake aiki ta hanyar kallon wasu da ke fuskantar motsin zuciyarmu ko yin wasu ayyuka, da kuma ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa da suke aiki ("hasken haske") lokacin da muke shan wadannan abubuwan da kanmu. Alal misali, ɓangaren lobe na launi na iya haske a yayin da muka motsa, ko lokacin da muke kallon wani ya motsa.
A shekara ta 2010, masu bincike sun iya yin rikodin aikin lantarki na karfin kwakwalwa a cikin mutane da ke fama da tiyata. An sake gano aikin neuron na Mirror, wanda ke goyan bayan binciken binciken na fMRI.
Ƙwararraki
Akwai jita-jitar da yawa game da muhimmancin takalmin madubi.
Wasu masu bincike sunyi jayayya cewa tsarin siginan neuron zai taimaka mana mu fahimci manufofin wasu mutane, wanda zai iya taimaka mana mu hango ayyukan da wasu ke yi, kuma yana iya zama mahimmanci don nuna damuwa da motsin zuciyar wasu. Wadansu sunyi zancen cewa rikitarwa a cikin kwayoyin neuron tsarin na iya kasancewa tare da autism , duk da cewa gaskiyar wannan jingina dangane ya kasance da za a gani.
A gefe guda, masu bincike sun yi gargadin cewa yawancin ikirarin da aka yi game da nau'i-nau'i nau'i-nau'i ba su daina goyon bayan kimiyya a wannan lokaci. Suna jayayya cewa gajerun mirror na iya kasancewa alamun tsarin motar motsa jiki wanda aka haɗaka - wani nau'i na ƙaddamar da ƙwayoyin ƙarancin ƙwayoyin cuta - kuma wani abu ne na tunanin tunanin yau da kullum, maimakon direba mai kulawa. Akwai mahimman bayanai da ke tambaya game da ingancin madubi na bincike neuron. Manufar cewa samfurin mirror zai iya taimakawa fahimtar ayyukan da aka kalubalantar. Daya daga cikin manyan mahimmancin hujja shine ra'ayin cewa akwai wani abu na musamman ko na musamman game da ƙananan maharan da ke cikin wannan jigilar. Maimakon yin magana da "maƙallan mirror," yana iya zama mafi mahimmanci wajen fadin cibiyoyin sadarwa, kamar yadda babu wani abu game da mutum wanda yake da ikon da kansa ya fuskanci wani abu mai rikitarwa kamar tausayi.
Mirror System Maimakon Mirror Neuron
Tunanin cibiyar yanar gizo da ke taimakawa wajen nuna jin dadin jiki an kira shi "tsarin madubi", wanda shine yafi yawan yankuna a frontal da lobesal lobes a cikin mutane. Wasu ayyuka sun nuna cewa mutane suna kallon wani mutum da ke fama da ciwo, musamman ma idan wannan mutumin yana kusa da su, kuma yana da wuta a cikin ƙananan sutura da tsohuwar ƙwayoyin cuta - kwakwalwa wadanda suke da alaka da ciwo.
Layin Ƙasa
Hakanan, iyawar kwakwalwa ta kwaikwayi wani abu ba sabon abu bane. A gaskiya, yana da mahimmanci ga ilmantarwa, musamman ma lokacin da muke matashi.
Yara jarirai suna son suyi koyi da iyayensu, kuma don su ce, suna ɗauka suna sassaka ƙasa kamar Maman, irin wannan ƙwayayyen dole ne su ƙone don motsa wa annan makamai da kafafu. Ba'a da wuyar fahimtar kwakwalwar da ke da irin wannan nau'in don taimakawa fahimtar harshe ko halayyar. Zai yiwu, a ƙarshe, "mirror" shi ne ainihin hanyar da yawancin masu amfani da kwakwalwa a cikin kwakwalwa suna iya yin aikinsu na ilmantarwa da daidaitawa, bisa ga abin da suke ganin wasu suna yi a duniya da ke kewaye da su.
Sources:
Oberman, LM, Hubbard, EM, McCleery, JP, Altschuler, EL, Ramachandran, VS, & Pineda, JA (2005). Shaidun EEG na nuna kyamarar nauyin kwakwalwa a cikin kwayoyin cuta ta autism, Bincike na Brain Research , 24 (2): 190-8.
Pobric, G., Hamilton, AF (2006 Mar 7). Harkokin aiki yana buƙatar haɗin hagu na baya na hagu. Biology na yau, 16 (5): 524-9.
Rizzolatti, G., Craighero, L. (2004). Aikin madubi-neuron. Bincike na shekara na Neuroscience. 27: 169-192.
Sollberger, M., Rankin, KP, & Miller, BL (2010). Social cognition. Ci gaba da Kwarewa a Yau da Kullum , 16 (4), 69-85.
Théoret, H., Pascual-Leone, A. (2002). Samun Harshe: Yi kamar yadda Kayi Ji. Biology na yau, 12 (21): R736-7.