Duk da matakin ƙwararren ƙwararraki, Maganganun ƙarya suna sanya damuwa
A watan Yulin 2012, Cibiyar Abinci da Drugura ta Amurka (FDA) ta ba da izini ga gwajin cutar HIV ta HIV , wanda ke samar da masu amfani da shi na farko, kan gwaji na kwayar cutar HIV wanda zai iya samar da sakamakon sirri a cikin minti 20. Shirin na FDA ya yi maraba da yawancin kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu, wanda ya dade suna nuna amfanar gwajin gida a yayin da 20% na miliyoyin Amurka miliyan 1.2 da ke fama da kwayar cutar HIV ba su san komai ba.
Babban a cikin muhawara don tallafawa gwajin gida:
- Yawancin kamfanoni masu yawa a Amurka suna da kariya ko ƙetare, haifar da wadanda suke so ko bukatar gwadawa su tsaya. Gwaje-gwajen gida zai iya taimakawa wajen magance wannan matsala, samar da mafi yawan haɗari tare da ƙwarewar rinjaye, iko da sirri .
- A cikin amincewarsu da wannan samfurin, FDA ta bayyana cewa, a cikin gida-gwajin "zai taimakawa ta hanyar taimakawa ... ta hanyar taimaka wa mutane da yawa masu cutar su fahimci yanayin HIV da haka kuma ta rage karuwar cutar HIV."
- Hanya na awa 24 tare da ma'aikatan horarwa zai taimaka wajen tabbatar da amfani da samfurin daidai; cewa masu amfani sun fahimci iyakokin gwajin (ciki har da lokacin da ake kira window ), kuma cewa wadanda suka karbi sakamako mai kyau suna kiran wani asibitin dake kusa ko likita.
A watan Satumbar 2013, masana'antun OraQuick sun ruwaito cewa "fiye da mutane 200,000 yanzu suna san irin cutar HIV" a sakamakon samfurin, tare da masu bincike na masana'antu suna tsammanin samun karuwa a tallace-tallace kamar yadda fahimtar masu amfani suka karu.
Duk da haka duk da muhimmancin gwajin gwaje-gwajen, yawancin karatun sun nuna damuwa game da tsarin gida, da tambaya game da daidaitattun abubuwan da samfurin ke ciki, da tasirinsa game da kulawa da haƙuri da halayen halayen.
Ta Yaya Daidai ne Gwajin Kwancen HIV yake?
Bisa ga rahoton FDA, jarrabawar OraQuick Rapid In-Home ba ta da lafiya da sauƙi kawai, amma yana da basira da ƙayyadaddun abubuwa kimanin 95% -slightly kasa da 99,3% da kuma 99.8% da aka gani tare da zane-zane- kula da kaya da likitoci da dakunan shan magani suke amfani dashi.
Duk da haka, ba kamar gwaje-gwaje masu auna ba, ana san cewa ana iya samun mummunar mummunar ƙirar a cikin gida-kashi 7%, yana nufin cewa ɗayan daga cikin gwaje-gwaje 12 zai ceci "alamar bayyanar" ba daidai ba. Duk da yake wannan ba dole ba ne ya sace yiwuwar samfurin, zai haifar da ƙaddamar da daidaito na hakikanin gwaje-gwajen da aka ba da damar yin amfani da samfur da kuma / ko jarabawar gwajin HIV.
Ɗaya daga cikin binciken da Jami'ar California ta gudanar a shekara ta 2013, San Francisco ya kammala cewa gwajin gwagwarmaya kamar yadda OraQuick ya yi a cikin shekaru hudu sun iya gane 86% na kwayoyin cutar HIV, wanda ya fi kasa da abin da aka gani a gwaji. Bugu da kari game da duk da haka shi ne gaskiyar cewa samfurin yana da daidaituwar kashi 54% kawai don tabbatar da serostatus a lokacin m (farkon) mataki na kamuwa da cuta .
Tare da karin tabbacin cewa yin amfani da shi a lokacin m kamu mai tsanani zai iya rage ci gaban tafkuna masu tasowa inda aka san cutar HIV don ya ɓoye (ko "nacewa") a shekarun da suka gabata, buƙatar gwaje-gwaje tare da matsayi mai zurfi na farfadowa ya zama muhimmi-musamman a cikin haske na kira ga gwaji na duniya da gwaji a gida da kuma a duniya .
Yayinda akwatin kunshin OraQuick ya riga ya sanar da masu amfani game da hadarin gwajin da ba a taɓa jarabawa ba, ya kamata a kara karfafawa a kan inganta cigaba da kayan aiki, maimakon fahimtar mabukaci, don shawo kan waɗannan gazawar lissafi.
Shin gwajin gida za ta inganta ingantaccen haɗin haƙuri don kulawa?
Daga manufar manufofin, daya daga cikin manyan manufofi na gwaji a gida shine ƙara yawan marasa lafiya da ke hade da kulawa da HIV a Amurka. Wannan manufa ne mai ban sha'awa da aka ba cewa kawai 437,000 daga cikin 'yan Amurka 874,000 da aka gano da kwayar cutar HIV sun shiga likita, bisa ga binciken da Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Rigakafin {asar Amirka ta wallafa.
Duk da yake mafi yawan bincike sun nuna karbar karɓar jama'a a cikin gwaje-gwajen gida, akwai ƙananan bayanai don sanin ko marasa lafiya suna danganta kansu don kulawa saboda sakamakon gwajin.
Kodayake yawancin karatu a Afirka sun nuna karuwa a cikin haɗin bayan bayan gwaji-gida-ta hanyar kimanin 300% a wasu lokuta - an gudanar da su bayan an yi gwajin shawarwari na gwajin kafin gwaji.
Ba tare da irin wannan tsarin da ake aiki a Amurka ba, ana iya sa ran hakan a nan ko kuma, mafi mahimmanci watakila, shin yana da bambanci?
Yawancin sun yarda cewa zai kasance da wuya a duba cikakkun bayanai ba saboda yawancin gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje ba su bayar da rahoton sakamakon haɗuwa don kulawa bayan gwaji. Abin da muka sani shine, jarabawar kwayar cutar ta HIV, a ciki da kanta, ta ragu a cikin wasu mabuƙatu masu mahimmanci-mafi mahimmanci a rage yawan halayen halayen halayen da aka gani a waɗanda suke gwaji.
A cikin binciken da Cibiyar Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Jami'ar Columbia, Columbia University ta wallafa, yawancin marasa lafiya 5,000 sun karbi takardar bayani ko kuma taƙaitaccen gwagwarmaya a gaban gwajin gwaji. Bayan watanni 12, an sake gwada marasa lafiya. Abin mamaki, 11.1% na ƙungiyar bayanai-kawai sun sami STD , yayin kusan kusan adadi marasa lafiya (12.3%) sun sami STD bayan an ba da shawara na takaice. Abubuwan da aka gano sun kasance daidai a cikin dukkanin asibitin tara da aka yi amfani da su bayan sunyi la'akari da shekarun da suka yi, jinsi da kabilanci.
Kasuwancin Kwamfuta ta hanyar shirin HIV / STD na Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a, Seattle da King County sun ci gaba da tallafawa wannan ƙaddamarwa, suna nuna cewa a cikin gida na gwaji na iya kara yawan cutar HIV tsakanin maza da suka yi jima'i da maza (MSM) daga asalin kashi 18.6% zuwa ko'ina a tsakanin 22.5% zuwa 27.5%.
Duk da yake babu wani abin da ake nufi don nuna cewa a cikin gida na gwajin HIV zai shawo kan kokarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, yana ƙarfafa bukatun ƙarin bayani game da amfani da ƙuntatawa na gwajin HIV, a gida da magunguna.
Sources:
Cibiyar Abinci da Druggun Amurka (FDA). "Hankali na farko da aka yi amfani da shi - Yi amfani da Kitin HIV don Tabbatarwa." Bayanan Kiwon Lafiya na FDA. Silver Spring, MD; Yuli 2012. Takardar: UCM311690.
Jaridar Wall Street. "OraQuick (R) Aikin Jirgin Cutar HIV Ya Gana Sabuwar Manufar Gidan Gida -" Rayuwa. Kamar yadda muka san shi (TM) "Yada gwajin gwajin HIV a cikin kungiyoyi masu girma." Rahoton watsa labarai ranar 30 ga Satumba, 2013.
Mafarki, C. Louie, B .; Facente, S .; et al. "Gudanar da gwajin Rapid Point-of-Care da Laboratory gwaje-gwaje don m da kafa HIV infection a San Francisco." PLOS | Ɗaya. Disamba 12, 2013; DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0080629.
Pai, N. Sharma, J. Shivkumar, S; et al. "Gudanar da Kulawa da Ƙwarewar Ba tare da Kulawa Ga HIV a Yanayin Kyau da Ƙananan Rahotanni: Binciken Tsaro." PLOS | Daya . Afrilu 2, 2013; DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pmed.1001414.
Macpherson, P .; et al. "Gidajen gida da kuma farawa na ART bayan gwajin gwajin HIV: jarabawar rikice-rikice ba tare da bambanci ba don bunkasa dangantaka da ART a Blantyre, Malawi." Taro na 20 game da Magungunan Tsuntsaye da Hanyoyi (CROI); Atlanta, Jojiya; Abubuwa 95LB, 2013.
Metsch, L ;; Giya, D .; Gooden, L .; et al. "Hanyoyin gwagwarmayar haɗari na haɗari tare da gwajin HIV sosai game da hadarin samun suturtawar jima'i: jarrabawar AWARE ta gwaji." Jaridar Ƙungiyar lafiya ta Amirka. Oktoba 23, 2013; 310 (16): 1701-1710.
Katz, D .; Cassels, S .; da kuma Sketler, J. "Sauya Gwajen Gizon Bincike Tare da Gida-Yin Amfani da Gwaninta na iya Ƙara Rigaka tsakanin HIV tsakanin Seattle Maza maza da ke da jima'i da maza: Shaida daga Halin Lissafi." Kwayoyin cututtuka da aka yi da jima'i. Janairu 2014; 41 (1): 2-9.