Ana gwaji gwajin HIV a matakai biyu. Na farko, an gwada gwajin farko. Idan tabbatacce ne, to, an sake gwada gwajin don duba lambobin ƙarya . Idan jarrabawar farko shine tabbatacciya sau biyu, to ana gwada samfurin ta hanyar gwaji na biyu, ƙayyadadden takaddama. Ana amfani da wannan gwaji don tabbatar da cewa gwaji na farko ba ya amsawa ga kamuwa da cutar banda HIV.
Yaya ake amfani da Siffofin HIV HIV a Hade
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za ku iya tunani game da irin gwajin HIV .
Wata hanya ita ce duba yadda hanyoyi daban daban suke aiki. Hanya ita ce ta dubi yadda ake amfani da gwajin HIV. Ana amfani da gwaje-gwaje na farko don bincika kowace alama ta HIV. Ana amfani da gwajin tabbatarwa don duba sakamakon gwajin farko. Makasudin wannan tsari shine ya rage haɗari na bincikar duk wanda ke tare da kwayar cutar HIV.
Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don gwajin HIV na farko
- EIA ko Enzyme ba da jimawa ba: Wannan jarabawar tana kallon kwayoyin cutar HIV. Duk da haka, yana da iyakokinta. Yawancin mutane suna fara samar da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin makon 6-12 na kamuwa da cuta. Amma wasu mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV za su iya kai har zuwa watanni shida don samar da maganganu masu dacewa don gwada gwaji akan gwajin EIA. Saboda haka wannan jarrabawar ba ta da amfani ga sababbin mutane . Tare da wannan gwaji, wani wanda ya kamu da kwayar cutar HIV ba zai iya gwada tabbatacce ba. Duk da haka, har yanzu suna iya shiga cutar HIV a kan wasu mutane. Suna iya, a gaskiya, kasancewa mai ciwo.
- ELISA ko Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: Wannan jarabawar ta kama da EIA. Yana kallon abubuwa guda daya, amma yana amfani da dabaru da sinadaran daban-daban.
- PCR ko Hanyoyin Cikin Girasar Magani : Wannan gwaji ta amfani da fasahar don kara RNA daga kwayar jini. A wasu kalmomi, yana ƙara ƙarin kofe na RNA. Wannan yana ba da damar gano RNA mafi sauƙi. Sabili da haka, PCR zai iya taimakawa wajen gano ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sabon kamuwa da cutar. Duk da haka, yana da tsada, cin lokaci, kuma ba a samuwa ba
Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi amfani da su don tabbatar da HIV
- Western Blot: Wannan ita ce hanya mafi amfani da ta tabbatar da sakamakon sakamakon gwaji mai kyau. Yana da gwajin gwagwarmaya wanda ya fi dacewa don maganin rigakafin kwayar cutar HIV fiye da gwajin EIA / ELISA. Duk da haka, yana da ƙari sosai. Abin da ya sa aka yi amfani dashi don tabbatarwa maimakon gwajin farko.
- RIPA: An gwada wannan gwajin jini a lokacin da matakan antibody ke da ƙasa. Har ila yau za'a iya aikatawa lokacin da sakamakon Yammacin Blot ba su da tabbas. Wannan gwaji yana da tsada, da wuya a yi kuma ba a yi amfani dashi ba.
- Jirgin immunofluorescence Assay. Wannan wani nau'i ne na gwaji na tabbatarwa wanda aka yi amfani dashi lokacin da sakamakon Yammacin Blot ya kasance ba a sani ba. Wani lokaci ana amfani dasu a maimakon Blot Yamma bayan gwajin ELISA.
- DNA / RNA Tambayoyi Masu Girma : Wadannan gwaje-gwajen sunyi kama da PCR. Ana amfani da su a wasu lokuta lokacin da sakamakon asalin yammaci bai sani ba. Ƙararruwar jarabawar sun zama ƙasa da tsada fiye da lokaci.
Ana iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje don ƙayyade nauyin hoto na hoto . Wannan shi ne yawan cutar da ke cikin jini. Ana yin amfani da gwaje-gwaje da kwayar cutar hoto ba tare da amfani da su ba don tantance cutar HIV. Maimakon haka, ana amfani da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen don saka idanu yadda magani yake. Duk da haka, akwai wasu bincike da ke nuna cewa duba kwayar cutar hoto a lokaci guda kamar yadda ake bincikar cutar HIV zai iya taimakawa wajen haɗa mutane zuwa likita don kulawa.
Sources:
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Nair SV, Kim HC, Fortunko J, Foote T, Peling T, Tran C, Nugent CT, Joo S, Kang Y, Wilkins B, Lednovich K, Worlock A. Aptima HIV-1 Kamar yadda Dx-A cikakke cikakke matsala ga duka ganewar asali da kuma kimantawa da HIV-1. J Clin Virol. 2016 Feb 4; 77: 46-54. Doi: 10.1016 / j.jcv.2016.02.002.