Daidaitawar Rahoton Rahoton Yawan Da ake Rasu
Ƙungiyar Harkokin Tsaro ta Amurka ta bada shawarar ƙaddamar da gwajin HIV gaba daya ga dukan 'yan Amurke 15-65 a matsayin ɓangare na ziyarar likita na yau da kullum. Bugu da ƙari, mutanen da ke cikin haɗarin cutar HIV (misali, masu yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi , maza da suka yi jima'i da maza ) ana ba da shawara su jarraba su a kowace shekara.
Ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi sani da kamuwa da kwayar cutar HIV shine gwaje-gwaje masu sauri, wanda aka samo asali da mahimmanci a cikin gida.
Sun ba marasa lafiya damar samun sakamako a cikin minti 20, rage damuwa da wasu lokutan hana mutane su dawo don sakamakon su.
Yin amfani da fasaha irin su gwajin gwagwarmayar gargajiya, akwai gwaje-gwajen HIV mai sauƙi kuma ko gwada jini (yana buƙatar likitanka don yatsin yatsanka) ko kuma saliva (yana buƙatar buƙatar bakinka).
Akwai adadin gwaje-gwajen cutar HIV da aka amince da su yanzu don amfani da US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Wasu suna samuwa ne kawai a asibitin likitanka yayin da keɓaɓɓun (samfurin OraQuick In-Home HIV ) na iya saya a kan layi ko a kantin ka.
Daga cikin gwaje-gwajen da aka fi dacewa a cikin su shine:
Babbar Jagora Ching Hai ◆ Babbar Jagoran Cutar HIV-1/2 Testing Antibody
An gwada wannan gwaji mai sauri don amfani da jini mai zubar da jini, plasma da kuma ruwaye na jiji don gano kwayoyin cutar HIV-1 da HIV-2. Jarabawar tana kunshe da karamin gwaji. Yanayin gwajin a kan kwakwalwa yana cike da kwayar cutar HIV da 1 da kuma kwayoyin cutar HIV-2.
Ana amfani da samfurin gwajin (jini, plasma, ko ruwa mai laushi) ga kwarjin (a cikin yanayin da ke cikin ruhu wanda aka sanya shi a cikin bakin bakin) kuma an sanya shi a cikin bayani.
Idan samfurin yana dauke da kwayar cutar ta HIV, to yana danganta da wadanda sukaadaran sunadaran a kan gwajin gwaji na HIV wanda ke haifar da wani launi mai ja.
Lissafin layin launi da ke bayyana a yankin gwajin da kuma kula da yankunan kwalliyar suna nuna gwaji mai kyau. Dukkan gwaje-gwaje masu kyau suna buƙatar jarabawar jini. Dole ne a karanta gwajin gaggawa nan da nan fiye da minti 20 kuma baya bayan minti 40 bayan an saka samfurin a cikin bayani mai tasowa.
Nuna G2 HIV-1 Testing Antibody
Irin wannan jarabawar cutar HIV an yarda don amfani da kwayar cutar ko ƙwayoyin cuta. Yayin da jarrabawar kawai ta ɗauki minti 3 don bunkasa, gwajin ya fi rikitarwa fiye da OraQuick saboda yana buƙatar ciwon kwayar cutar ko ƙwayar cuta. Jarabawar tana kunshe da katako da wurin gwaji. Kamar OraQuick, duk wani kwayar cutar HIV da ke cikin gwajin gwajin ya danganta da sunadaran gina jiki a cikin gwajin, ya haifar da ja a bayyana. Idan samfurin ja ya bayyana tare da layin ja da aka yi amfani dashi a matsayin gwajin gwaji ana daukar tabbatacce, yana buƙatar gwajin tabbatarwa.
Ƙaramar Zinariya Uni-Zinariya ta Gwada HIV-1
An yarda da Uni-Zinariya a gare mu tare da jinin jini, plasma, ko kuma magani daga wani fanni ko tsutsa mai yatsa. Ya ƙunshi katako na rectangular tare da wurin gwaji, yankin kula, da kuma samfurin samfurin. Ana amfani da samfurin a cikin samfurin kuma an yarda ya sha, biye tare da jarrabawar gwaji ta wuce kula da wuraren gwajin.
Kamar yadda yake a cikin gwaje-gwaje na farko da muka tattauna, duk wani kwayar cutar HIV a cikin samfurori ya danganta ga sunadarin sunadarai a filin gwagwarmaya, haifar da layin ja.
An gwada gwajin gwagwarmaya idan sashin layi ya bayyana a duka bangarorin gwaji da yankin kula. Ana duba samfurin zama inganci idan samfurin samfurin yana da launi. Kamar dukkanin gwaje-gwaje masu sauri idan jarrabawar ta tabbata cewa an buƙatar gwajin tabbatarwa.
Kwancen kwayoyin cutar HIV-1 / HIV-2
Wannan gwaji ta HIV an yarda don amfani a kan kwayar cutar sankarar da ta ci gaba, jini duka, ko magani. Multispot yana kunshe da katako mai gwaji da biyar masu haɗuwa: Cakuda yana dauke da membrane wanda aka sanya ma'adinin micropart a cikin shafuka huɗu; biyu gwajin gwajin HIV-1; daya gwajin HIV-2; da kuma daya iko tabo don tabbatar da cewa samfurin ya isa.
Ana gwada gwajin don tabbatacce ga HIV-1 idan ginin da kuma ko dai guda biyu na cutar HIV-1 sunyi launin m, kuma suna da kyau ga HIV-2 idan gwanin iko da HIV-2 sun bayyana. Idan shunayya ya bayyana a cikin magungunan tabo, hanyar ta HIV-2, da ɗaya ko duka guda biyu na cutar HIV-1, ana gwada gwajin HIV mai matukar damuwa. A wannan yanayin, ana iya gwada samfurin ta hanyar ƙarin hanyoyin da zai ba da bambanci tsakanin HIV-1 da HIV-2. Jarabawar ba ta da kyau lokacin da iko kawai ya bayyana. Rashin madogarar sarrafawa yana nuna sakamakon da ba daidai ba, koda kuwa duk wani nau'in alamu.
Gwaje-gwajen Tashin Gaskiya Shin Abubuwa
Ɗaya daga cikin matsala tare da gwajin kwayar cutar HIV shine abin da ke faruwa na gwaje-gwaje masu kyau da gwagwarmaya . Duk da yake sababbin sababbin tsararraki sun inganta a kan sakamako masu kyau masu kyau, akwai damuwa game da yanayin gida na OraQuick na gwadawa (na hoto ).
Bisa ga sakamakon sakamako na mutum na III, mutum daya daga cikin gwaje-gwaje na OraQuick a cikin gida ya sake haifar da mummunan sakamakon, saboda a wani ɓangare ga ƙananan ƙwarewar samfurin. Kuma gwaje-gwaje na iya kuskuren kamuwa da cutar idan an yi a lokacin da ake kira window window , inda matakin da kwayoyin cutar ke da ƙasa sosai don a gano su. Ana yin amfani da rashin amfani da mai amfani azaman damuwa mai yiwuwa.
Duk da haka, ba da shawara ga kungiyoyi suyi jayayya cewa gwaje-gwajen irin wannan sa ikon a cikin hannayen mutum, samar da mafi girma ga mahimmanci da sirri.
A sakamakon haka, labs a Amurka suna juyawa zuwa ga yin amfani da hadewar gwaje-gwajen antigen / antibody (ciki har da Alere ƙayyade HIV-1/2 Combo ) wanda ba wai kawai ya rage tsawon lokaci ba amma, a wasu lokuta, yana ƙaruwa da sauƙi amsar daidai a farkon matakan (kamuwa) na kamuwa da cuta .
Sources:
Pant Pai, N. Balram, B .; Shivkumar, S .; et al. "Zane-zane na gaba da daidaituwa na gwajin HIV ta hanyar maganin kwayar cutar ta HIV tare da jigilar kwayoyin halitta tare da jigilar kwayoyin halitta. Cututtuka na Lancet cututtuka. Janairu 24, 2012; 12 (5): 373-380.
Mafarki, C. Louie, B .; Facente, S .; et al. "Gudanar da gwajin Rapid Point-of-Care da Laboratory gwaje-gwaje don m da kafa HIV infection a San Francisco." PLOS | Ɗaya. Disamba 12, 2013; DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0080629.
Cibiyar Abinci da Druggun Amurka (FDA). "Hankali na farko da aka yi amfani da shi - Yi amfani da Kitin HIV don Tabbatarwa." Bayanan Kiwon Lafiya na FDA. Silver Spring, MD; Yuli 2012. Takardar: UCM311690