Ga dalilin da ya sa babban matakin sodium mai girma ko babban abu ne.
Abubuwan da ke jikin mu sune wasu abubuwa masu muhimmanci a rayuwa. Suna shafar mu cikin hanyoyi masu zurfi. Dukkanin ƙarfin ƙwayar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa zuwa wutar lantarki mai kwakwalwa, daga abubuwan da ke cikin jikinmu na ciki har zuwa zuciyarmu, da sauransu, yana dogara ne akan masu zafin jiki kamar sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, da sauransu suna cikin wani yanki (kuma ku Ya yi tunanin cewa mai amfani da wani abu ne da kake dauka don taimakawa cikin tsutsa!).
A gaskiya ma, rayuwa kamar yadda muka san shi, bazai wanzu ba tare da waɗannan abubuwa waɗanda suke da wani ɓangare na ilimin kimiyya ba.
Bari mu shiga cikin ƙasa mai zurfi don gane dalilin da yasa wanzuwarmu ba zai kasance ba tare da waɗannan masu zaɓaɓɓu ba. Wadannan abubuwa masu sauki suna cikin gada wanda ya haɗu da mu zuwa haihuwar sararin samaniya. Gyara? To, a nan bayanin mai sauki ne. Abin da muke kira masu zaɓaɓɓu shine abubuwa masu muhimmanci (kamar sodium, potassium, ko magnesium) wanda ya kasance a lokacin alfijir na duniya.
Alal misali, magnesium ta samo asali ta hanyar nukiliya ta hada carbon akan taurari. A ƙarshe, da zarar tauraron ya fashe a cikin wani babban mashahurin sararin samaniya, magnesium yada a fadin duniya kuma a cikin ilimin kimiyya. Haka ne, akwai bit of stardust a cikin mu duka! A lokacin karni na 19 na Farisanci, Rumi ya rubuta rubutun rubuce-rubucen cewa, "mun zo ne daga ɓoye, taurari masu rarraba kamar ƙura", ya kasance gaskiya.
Electrolytes da koda
Bari mu bincika masu neman lantarki da kuma rashin lafiyar su daga hangen nesa. Abubuwa masu lalata suna da kyau a cikin jihohin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta saboda wani dalili mai sauki - shi ne koda wanda yawanci yana da muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye daidaito na yawancin masu rinjaye .
Sabili da haka, wadannan halayen suna haifar da nauyin koda , maimakon wani abu.
Ana iya ganin ƙananan ƙananan matakan masu zaɓuɓɓuka lokacin da kullun ke aiki, amma zai iya samun ƙungiyar sauran abubuwan da ba sa kai tsaye. Ƙarin bayani game da kowane mawuyacin hali da kuma kula da shi ba su da iyakacin wannan labarin. Duk da haka, a nan akwai taƙaitaccen bayani game da al'amurra da suka shafi matakan sodium maras kyau.
Hyponatremia: Ƙasar Jihar Sodium
Yawancin lokaci, matakin sodium a cikin jini na kasa da 135 meq / L an dauke shi da mahaukaci, kuma ake kira hyponatremia. Mahimmi biyu masu mahimmancin matakin sodium a cikin jini sune, (a) yawan sodium a cikin jini, da (b) adadin ruwa cikin jini. A yawancin cututtukan cututtuka, matakin ƙananan sodium ba matsalar matsalar rashin sodium ba ne, amma a gaskiya an wuce ruwa don yawan sodium (wadda ta ƙare don maganin sodium abun ciki).
Ka tuna, idan muka auna matakin sodium a cikin jini, ba shine cikakken adadin sodium ba, amma a gaskiya maɗaukakiyar da muke duban. Wato yana nufin ruwan da ke cikin jini zai shafi tasirin sodium. Yin fahimtar wannan ra'ayi yana da mahimmancin sanin dalilin da yasa sodium da ke cikin wasu cututtuka, kuma me yasa magani ba kullum shine "ci karin gishiri / sodium ba".
Wasu daga cikin mawuyacin sanadin ƙananan sodium sune kamar haka (wannan ba jerin cikakken ba ne):
- Rashin hakikanin sodium daga jini : Wannan zai iya faruwa daga zazzabin, zubar da ruwa, ƙwaguwa mai tsanani, da dai sauransu. Wannan yafi gani a cikin masu tsayi da nisa lokacin da hasara na sodium a gumi ya kara tsanantawa ta hanyar amfani da ruwa kawai ba tare da gishiri ba. ƙarawa digo a sodium. Wannan zai yiwu a cikin matsanancin hali ya haifar da sakamakon haɗari na rayuwa ciki har da haɗari.
- Ƙungiyar ruwa ta wuce haddi : Wadannan zasu hada da ciwowar zuciya ta zuciya, cirrhosis, da ci gaban koda.
- SIADH : Wannan yana nufin ciwo na rashin samar da hormone marasa dacewa. ADH, ko Harshen AntiDiuretic Hormone wani hormone ne wanda hypothalamus ya samar a cikin kwakwalwa, kuma yana sarrafa adadin ruwan da koda ya riƙe. Lokacin da yawan adadin ADH ya haifar, zai haifar da matakin sodium cikin jini don saukewa.
- Hormonal sa : low thyroid matakan, ko hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency
- Jihohi inda yawan ciwon ruwa zai iya zama batun : Wannan zai iya haifar da ƙananan polydipsia, inda yawancin ruwa zai shafe sodium a cikin jini, wanda zai haifar da shan ruwa. Haka kuma ana iya haifar da irin wannan yanayin tare da amfani da yawan giya mai yawa, wanda ake kira "beer potomania".
Jiyya na Hyponatremia
Da zarar an tabbatar da matakin sodium a kan gwada jini, magani zai dogara ne akan abin da ke haifar da karamin sodium, har ma da yadda sauri ya fara. Alal misali, a cikin jihohi na ruwa mai yawa a jikin jiki (kamar ƙwayar zuciya ta rashin ƙarfi ko SIADH), ƙuntataccen ruwa ko dabaru da suka dace don inganta haɓakar ruwa daga jiki. A gefe guda, a jihohi inda akwai ragowar gishiri / sodium a cikin jiki, maye gurbin sodium a cikin nau'i na gishiri ko a matsayin ɓangare na ruwa na IV. Tsarin gyarawa na iya zama haɗari, musamman idan hyponatremia ya ci gaba na dan lokaci.
Hypernatremia: A Matsayin Matsayi Mafi Girin Sodium
Matsayin jini na sodium da ya fi 145 m / L ake kira "hypernatremia". Mafi yawan hanyar hypernatremia shine tsayi a cikin sodium da aka halitta saboda matsalar kasa . Saboda haka, cututtuka da cututtukan cututtukan da ke hade da ciwon ruwa, ko ƙara yawan asarar jiki daga jiki (kamar ciwon sukari insipidus, yin amfani da diuretics, cututtuka da sauransu) na iya haifar da hypernatremia. Mutum mai yawan gaske yakan fara samun karfi na ƙishirwa lokacin da matakan sodium fara farawa cikin jini. Idan dai suna da damar shiga ruwa, dole ne a sauko da matakin sodium. Amma matsala ta taso idan mutane ba su da damar samun ruwa, ko kuma idan sun rasa ruwa daga kodan ko kullun, ko kuma idan basu iya jin ƙishirwa (kamar yadda zai faru a marasa lafiya). Tunda yawancin jihohin hypernatremia sun kunshi jin dadi, hanyoyin maganin sun hada da gwamnati na ruwa mai zurfi na ruwa, ko yin amfani da ruwa.
A nan kamar yadda wasu lokuta na asali na matakin sodium a cikin jini:
- Rashin ruwa mai yawa daga fata, kamar yadda zai iya faruwa daga karuwa ko ƙonewa
- Rashin ruwa daga gut / zawo
- Ciwon sukari insipidus, jihar da yawan ruwa ya ɓace a cikin fitsari
- Babu yiwuwar jin ƙishi saboda matsaloli tare da wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa wanda yake sarrafa ƙishirwa (wanda ake kira hypothalamus)
- Sake cike da sodium ko gishiri mai guba: Wannan zai iya faruwa daga gwamnatin da ba ta da haɗari da yawa da aka sanya saline ga marasa lafiya inda aka ba da salin "hypertonic" (alal misali, a cikin lokuta na rauni mai rauni). Tsarin yawa na cin abinci na gishiri zai iya haifar da wannan mahimmanci. A gaskiya, gishiri za a iya shawo kan fata a cikin jarirai, abin mamaki wanda aka gani a matsayin wani tsari na "salting" da aka aikata a ɓangarori na Turkiyya.
Mene Ne Ya Kamance Mafi Girma ko Low Sodium Shin a Kan Ka?
Hanyoyin cututtuka na matakan sodium masu haɗari sun dogara ne akan mummunar rashin ciwo, da kuma saurin ci gaba. Za su iya kasancewa daga mummunan bayyanar cututtuka kamar ciwon kai, da ƙananan cututtuka kamar ƙananan haɗari, ƙwaƙwalwa, gyaran zuciya, da dai sauransu. Ɗaya daga cikin mummunan wahalar matakin sodium mai ƙananan hali shine hadarin kama. Saboda haka, magani yana dacewa.
> Sources:
> Halawa I, Andersson T, Tomson T., Hyponatremia da kuma hadarin haɗari: wani binciken nazarin giciye. Epilepsia. 2011 Feb, 52 (2): 410-3. Doi: 10.1111 / j.1528-1167.2010.02939.x. Afub 2011 Janairu 26.
> Sanghvi SR, Kellerman PS, Nanovic L, Beer Potomania: Dalili mai tsabta na Hyponatremia a Babban Hadarin Matsaloli Daga Rapid Correction, AJKD, Oktoba 2007Volume 50, Issue 4, Shafuka 673-680.
> Ciwo na rashin amfani da kwayoyin halitta marasa kyau, medlineplus.gov, Updated Oktoba 2015.