Sanin lokacin da za a jarraba da abin da sakamakon ya nufi
Kwayar Zika ta haifar da tsoro a dukan duniya a shekara ta 2015 lokacin da cutar ta hanyar sauro ta fadi a fadin kudancin Amurka da tsakiyar Amurka har zuwa kudancin Amurka. Yayinda cutar ta haifar da mummunan hali, rashin lafiya kamar rashin lafiya, zai iya zama mummunan idan ya faru a lokacin daukar ciki, wanda ke haifar da ƙananan hali zuwa rashin lahani, wanda ake kira microcephaly, wanda aka haifi jariri tare da ƙananan ƙananan kai da kwakwalwa.
A saboda haka dalili shine ganewar asali ya zama wajibi ne ga iyaye mata da suka kamu da cutar Zika ta hanyar ciwon sauro. Bugu da ƙari, saboda cutar za a iya wucewa daga mutum zuwa ga mata a lokacin jima'i, gwajin-hada hada haɗin jini da gwagwarmaya-zai iya gano abokin tarayya da zai iya hana watsawa.
Bayanai don gwaji
Yin sauro daga sauro, har ma a yankin da Zika cutar ke damuwa , ba lallai yana nufin cewa an kamu da ku ba. Kwayar cutar ta wuce wani nau'i na sauro wanda aka sani da Aedes aegypti , wanda za'a iya gane shi ta hanyar fararen fata na ƙafafunsa da kuma lakabi na lyre.
Ko da kuma idan kun kamu da cutar, ba lallai ba za ku sami wata alama ba . Idan kunyi haka, za su kasance mai sauƙi kuma za su iya hada da zazzabi, ciwon kai, haɗin gwiwa, ciwon tsoka, ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar jiki, kuma mai yiwuwar raguwa.
Idan kun yi imani cewa an bayyana ku ga cutar Zika-ko dai saboda kuna da alamar cututtuka ko kuka yi tafiya zuwa wani wuri mai haɗari-akwai gwaje-gwajen da za a iya bincikar kamuwa da cutar.
CDC shawarwarin
Da wannan aka ce, gwajin cutar Zika ba don kowa ba ne. Manufofin gwaji na farko shine hana hana kamuwa da cutar daga mahaifa zuwa yarinya a lokacin daukar ciki da kuma hana jima'i da cutar ta hanyar mace zuwa ga mace da take da juna biyu ko kuma zai iya yin ciki.
Don haka, Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC) ta bada shawara ga gwajin Zika ga ƙungiyoyin masu zuwa kawai:
- Kowane mutum, mace ko namiji, tare da bayyanar cututtuka da suka iya bayyanar da cutar, ko dai saboda suna zaune a cikin wani yanki, sun yi tafiya zuwa wani yanki na ƙarshe ko kuma sun yi jima'i da wanda ke zaune ko ya yi tafiya a cikin wani yanki.
- Mace masu ciki tare da Zika cutar bayyanar cututtukan da suka yi yiwuwa yadawa ga cutar
- Mace masu ciki ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka da suke zaune a yankin da Zika ke fama ba ko suna fuskantar haɗarin ɗaukar hotuna
- Mace masu ciki da suka kamu da cutar Zika kuma wanda tayin yana da alamun abubuwan rashin haɗari irin su microcephaly a kan duban dan tayi
Za a iya gwada gwadawa ga mata masu juna biyu ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka waɗanda suka kamu da cutar ba a kwanan nan amma ba a cikin hadarin ba. Zika cututtuka ya zama babban haɗari ga tayin a farkon farkon watanni uku har zuwa makonni takwas kafin zuwan ciki.
A gefe guda, gwaji ba a ba da shawarar ga maza ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka ba, marasa ciki marasa lafiya, ko a matsayin gwajin gwaji.
Idan ba za ka iya samun kasuwancin kasuwanci ba kusa da ka iya yin gwajin, kira gida ko jihar wanda zai iya mayar da kai zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje da aka yarda.
Labaran Lab
Akwai gwaje-gwaje daban-daban guda biyu da aka yi amfani da cutar Zika, wanda ke nema ga kafafun kwayar cuta da kuma sauran wanda ke neman shaida akan kamuwa da cuta ta hanyar kare sunadarai masu karewa da ake kira antibodies .
Wadannan gwaje-gwaje guda biyu suna aiki ne a lokaci guda don yin ganewar asali. Wannan shi ne saboda gwajin kwayoyin, wanda aka sani da RNA nucleic gwaggwar gyaran acid (NAT) , yafi ƙayyade a cikin ikon iya gane kwayar cutar amma ba mai da hankali (ma'anar cewa yana iya haifar da sakamako mara kyau ).
Ya bambanta, jarrabawar cutar ta immunoglobulin (IgM) ya fi sauki amma ba a takaice (ma'ana ba shi da ikon gane bambancin Zika daga ƙwayoyin cuta irin wannan).
Idan aka yi amfani da su, gwajin RNA NAT da IgM suna ba da cikakkiyar daidaito lokacin da aka gano Zika.
RNA NAT Testing
RNA NAT gwajin wani fasaha ne wanda ke hanzari kara yawan adadin kwayoyin jini a cikin jini, fitsari, da sauran ruwan jiki daga wasu dubban zuwa fiye da biliyan.
Ta hanyar yin hakan, Lab zai iya ganin kullun idan akwai wata shaida ta kwayoyin da ke dauke da kamuwa da cutar Zika. Idan ana zarginka da ciwon cutar Zika, dole ne a yi gwajin NAT akan duka samfurorin jini da fitsari.
Yin amfani da jarrabawan NAT shine wannan za'a iya aiwatar da jim kadan bayan bayyanar cututtuka sun bayyana. Da wannan aka ce, matakin RNA mai bidiyo mai sauri zai yi watsi da sauri kamar yadda tsarin rigakafi ya fara samun iko a kan kamuwa da cuta. Saboda haka, jarrabawar NAT tana da amfani kawai idan an jarraba shi a cikin kwanaki 14 na farkon bayyanar. (Banda kawai shine a cikin bayyanar mata masu juna biyu wanda RNA mai hoto ya iya ci gaba har zuwa makonni 12).
Saboda ƙuntatawar gwajin, sakamakon NAT ba daidai ba ne ya ware wani kamuwa da cutar Zika.
Gwajin IgM
Gwajin IgM na gwada jini ne wanda yake gano kwayoyin cutar da jiki ya haifar domin yaki da cutar Zika. Zai iya ɗaukar jiki har zuwa makonni biyu bayan da ya daukan hotuna don samar da maganganu masu dacewa don sadar da sakamako mai kyau. Jarabawa ma farkon zai iya haifar da sakamako mai kyau .
Ziki anti-matakan matakan tayi girma a cikin tandem da declines a cikin RNA. Saboda haka, gwajin IgM yafi amfani a farkon makonni 12 na kamuwa da cuta kuma wani lokaci ya fi tsayi. Ana iya amfani dasu don gwada ruwan sanyi a lokuta inda zika kamuwa da cuta ya haifar da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa.
Inda jarrabawar IgM na iya ɓacewa yana cikin ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar cutar Zika. Zika cutar ne daga cikin Flaviviridae iyali kuma yana da alaka da ƙwayoyin cuta da ke haifar da mummunan ƙwayar cuta , ƙananan zazzabi , da kuma jabu na Japan . Saboda haka, gwaji na iya dawowa wani lokaci ba daidai ba sakamakon. Wannan shi ne daga cikin dalilan da ya sa gwajin tabbatarwa yana da mahimmanci.
Saboda girman halayensa, ana iya la'akari da gwajin IgM mai banƙyama.
Ƙaddamar da Ƙaddamarwa na Plaque Neutralization
Gwajin gwagwarmayar plaque (PRNT) wani gwaji ne wanda ke daidaita matakan neutralizing kwayoyin cutar cikin jini. Cutar da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta kasance wata takaddama na immunoglobins wanda ke da ikon kashe cutar. Ba kamar sauran kwayoyin cutar da aka gano a gwajin IgM ba, tsauraran kwayoyin cuta zasu iya zama cikin jiki har tsawon shekaru, shirye su kai farmaki idan cutar ta taba bayyana.
An tanada PRNT don gwaji masu tabbatarwa wanda ba daidai ba ne, maras tabbas, ko damuwa.
Jarabawa a ciki
Bayanai don gwaji a ciki daban-daban ya danganta ne akan ko kai, a matsayin uwa, suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka kuma suna cikin hadarin kamuwa da cuta. CCD a halin yanzu yana bada shawarar:
- Idan kun kasance cikin ciki kuma kuna da alamomi na Zika, jarrabawar NAT da IgM za a iya yin sau ɗaya a cikin makonni 12 na bayyanar cututtuka.
- Idan ba ku da bayyanar cututtuka amma ana tsammanin an bayyana ku, ya kamata a jarraba ku a cikin makonni biyu zuwa goma sha biyu na dawowa ko daga cikin yanki na ƙarshe ko kuma yin jima'i da mutumin da aka bincikar da cutar Zika.
- Idan kun kasance cikin ciki kuma ku zauna a cikin yankin da akwai hadarin da ke faruwa, ya kamata ku sami gwajin IgM a lokacin ziyararku ta farko da kuma ƙarin ziyara guda biyu.
- Idan wani duban dan tayi ya nuna alamun haifawar haihuwa daidai da cutar Zika, za a ba ku duka gwaji na NAT da IgM. Za a iya yin gwaji na NAT na ruwa mai amniotic.
Binciken Bambanci
Saboda cutar Zika tana kama da kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta da / ko alamar cututtuka ga sauran kwari da cututtuka marasa kwari, wasu ƙananan ƙila zai buƙaci a yi watsi da shi idan gwajin gwagwarmayarka ba kome ba ne. Suna iya hada da:
- Chikungunya cutar
- Dengue
- Leptospirosis
- Malariya
- Parvovirus
- Rubella
- Rickettsial kamuwa da cuta
- Yellow Fever
Idan Ka Yi Gwaji
Kyakkyawan sakamakon Zika zai tabbatar da cewa kana da cutar. Don hana hana kwayar cutar zuwa abokin tarayya, za kuyi ko dai ya kamata ku guje wa jima'i ko amfani da robaron roba a kwakwalwa har tsawon watanni shida. Gaskiya ne wannan idan abokinku yana ciki ko a cikin shekarunta.
Idan ka sami sakamako masu kyau a lokacin daukar ciki, ba dole ba ne cewa baby zai sami lahani na haihuwa ko kuma cewa za ka sami rashin kuskure. Mafi yawan wadannan cututtuka ba su haifar da ko dai daga cikin waɗannan matsalolin ba. Maimakon haka, za a yi amfani da kayan aiki don saka ido ga ci gaban jaririn ku kuma duba duk wata alamar matsala.
Idan an haifi jariri ba tare da wani lahani ba, za a yi gwaje-gwaje da yawa don tabbatar da duk abin da ke ciki, ciki har da:
- Zika cutar gwajin a haihuwa
- Gwajin gwajin kafin fitarwa daga asibiti
- Hanyoyin dan tayi a cikin wata daya na haihuwa
- Binciken ido a hankali a cikin wata daya na haihuwa
- Wani kwakwalwa mai kwakwalwa ta kwakwalwa ta hanyar amsawa (ABR) a cikin wata haihuwar haihuwar daya don kimanta jijiyar jijiyar jariri
Idan an haifa jaririn da wani nau'i na kowane irin, ko ƙananan ko babba, masu ba da shawara za a yi wa masu bincike, masu bincike, da kuma sauran kwararrun da za su iya magance lafiyar jaririn ku. Za'a buƙaci ayyukan raya kasa da sauran ayyukan tallafi banda sabis na tallafin iyali.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka (CDC). "Zika da ciki: Bincike & Jarabawa | Ciwon Cutar Ebola ta Zama Ciki." Atlanta, Jojiya; sabunta ranar 16 ga Afrilu, 2018.
> CDC. "Ziki Virus: Gwaje-gwajen Tambayoyi na Zika Virus." Updated Disamba 12, 2017.
> Petersen, E; Polen, K .; Meaney-Delman, Dana; et al. "Sabuntawa: Jagora na Tsayawa ga Masu Taimakon Kula da Lafiya da ke Kula da Halin 'Yancin Mata na Zama Zama da Zama Zuwa Cutar Zuka - > United > States, 2016." MMWR. 2016; 65 (12): 315-22. DOI: 10.15585 / mmwr.mm6512e2.