Mene ne Abubuwan Ciniki guda biyar?
Ana rarraba asibitoci a hanyoyi da dama. Biyu daga cikin mahimmanci shine antigens da suke ɗaukar su da samfurin su.
Akwai nau'i-nau'i iri-iri a jikin mutum. Koyiyar antitotype, ko kuma ƙungiyar antibody, ta bayyana muhimmancin antibody a cikin jiki. Ana kiran kowane nau'i ta amfani da Ig *, inda Ig ke tsaye don immunoglobulin da * shi ne sanarwa ga takamaiman takaddamar.
Akwai alamomi guda biyar daban daban da aka gani a cikin mutane:
- IgG shine siffar antibody wanda yawancin mutane ke tunanin lokacin da suke magana game da kwayoyin cutar. Akwai siffofin da yawa na IgG da ke kewaya ta jiki da kuma amsawa ga kamuwa da cuta. IgG ya ƙunshi kawai Ig guda ɗaya. Shine kawai nau'in antibody wanda zai iya wucewa a cikin lokacin haihuwa.
- IgA ita ce samfurin antibody wanda ke samuwa a cikin yankunan mucosal, kamar bakin da farji. Ana iya samuwa a cikin salin, hawaye da nono madara. IgA ya kafa ta hanyar Ig na biyu.
- IgM yana daya daga cikin nau'i na farko na antibody da za a samar bayan da mahaifa ya shiga jiki. Tun da yake an haɗa shi da sama guda biyar na Ig, yana da matukar mahimmanci. A wasu kalmomi, yana da karfi sosai ga manufa. IgM yana da matukar muhimmanci a farkon matakan kamuwa da cuta.
- IgE ita ce antibody da ke da alhakin amsa rashin lafiyar. Lokacin da IgE ke ɗaura zuwa wani mai haɗari, zai fara nazarin histamine wanda ke haifar da alamun rashin lafiyar jiki. Wannan rukuni guda daya kuma yana taimaka wajen kare jiki daga tsutsotsi.
- IgD yana da mahimmanci a farkon farkon matakan amsawa. Bound zuwa B sel, ba ya gudana.
Da yawa daga cikin gwaje-gwajen STD , da kuma gwaje-gwaje ga sauran cututtuka, nemi neman maganin cutar da cutar maimakon cututtuka da kanta. Na dogon lokaci, wannan yafi dacewa da cututtukan cututtuka da kwayoyin cututtukan da ke da wuyar girma a al'ada .
Duk da haka, wannan ya canza yayin fasaha ya inganta. Alal misali, akwai gwaje-gwaje na kwayoyin nucleic acid, kamar LCR da PCR, waɗanda suke gwada kai tsaye don DNA. Yayinda waɗannan gwaje-gwaje suka zama mafi yawa, suna amfani da su wajen gwajin gwagwarmaya.
Har ila yau Known As: Abubuwan da ake kira Antibody suna sanannun zama azuzuwan. Ana iya amfani da waɗannan kalmomi guda biyu. Yayin da kamuwa da kamuwa da cuta, kwayoyin cutar kanjamau (manufa) za su samo asali ne daban daban. Irin wannan antibody samar ya dogara akan inda ake bukata a jiki
Misalai: Ana iya amfani da gwaje-gwaje daban-daban na herpes don gano bambancin cututtukan herpes da kuma cututtuka waɗanda ba a sani ba. An ƙayyade wannan ta hanyar gwadawa ga daban-daban jinsin magunguna da jiki zai iya haifar da cutar ta herpes. Gwajin IgM mai kyau yana nufin cewa kamuwa da cuta shine kwanan nan. Gwaje-gwaje na IgG suna magana ne akan kamuwa da cuta mai tsawo. Wannan shi ne saboda yana da tsayi don jiki don samar da IgG fiye da shi don samar da IgM.
Yana da muhimmanci a san cewa mafi yawan gwaje-gwaje na STD ba na ƙoƙarin gano abin da samfurin kwayoyin jikinka ke samarwa. Musamman, rubuta takaddun gwajin dabarun ba ta bambanta tsakanin IgG da IgM ba.
Maimakon haka, gwaje-gwajen herpes na musamman suna duba ko magungunan da ke dauke da kwayoyin cutar ta jikin jikinka yana yin jituwa ga HSV-1 ko HSV-2 .Amma suna neman daban-daban iri daban-daban maimakon nau'in antibody. Kwararrun gwaje-gwajen anti-type na STDs wanzu, amma ana kiran su musamman a gwajin IgG ko IgM.
> Sources:
> Liermann K, Schäfler A, Henke A, Sauerbrei A. Binciken da ake amfani da shi na cutar ta hanyar cutar ta hanyar IgG da IgM. J Virol hanyoyin. 2014 Afrilu 199: 29-34. Doi: 10.1016 / j.jviromet.2014.01.001.
> Van Der Pol B, Warren T, Taylor SN, Martens M, Jerome KR, Mena L, Lebed J, Ginde S, Fine P, Hanyar EW 3rd. Ƙididdigewa na musamman na cututtuka na ƙwayoyin cutar ta hanyar ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar amfani da samfurori da aka samo gwajin maganin nucleic acid. J Jarin Microbiol. 2012 Nov, 50 (11): 3466-71. Doi: 10.1128 / JCM.01685-12.