Wadanne Ayyukan Capillaries na Role Suna Kunna a cikin Yanayin Watsa Labarai?
Capillaries su ne mafi ƙanƙan jini a cikin jiki, suna haɗa karamin ƙararrawa zuwa ƙarami. Wadannan jiragen ruwa ana kiran su "microcirculation".
Tsarin Capillaries
Capillaries suna da matukar bakin ciki, kimanin 5 micrometers a diamita, kuma sun hada da kawai nau'i biyu na sel; wani launi na ciki na sel na endothelial da ɗakin murya na cellucin epithelial.
Su ne ƙananan cewa jinin jinin ya buƙaci ya gudana ta hanyar fayil guda. Idan duk wanda yake cikin jikin mutum ya haɗa shi a cikin fayil guda ɗaya, layin zai faro fiye da 100,000 mil. An kiyasta cewa akwai kudaden biliyan 40 a cikin jikin mutum. Kusa da wannan Layer na sel shine wani abu da ake kira dabarar ginshiki, wani nau'in gina jiki wanda ke kewaye da capillary.
Capillaries a cikin Circulatory System
Ana iya ɗauka Capillaries a matsayin babban ɓangare na wurare dabam dabam. Jinin ya bar zuciya ta hanyar aorta da jigilar hanzari wanda ke tafiya zuwa sauran jiki da kuma huhu. Wadannan manyan jigos ɗin sun zama ƙananan arterioles kuma sun kasance a takaice don su zama gado mai launi. Daga capillaries, jini yana gudana a cikin ƙananan raƙuman ruwa sa'an nan kuma a cikin veins, yana gudana cikin zuciya.
Ayyukan Capillaries
Hanyoyin suna da alhakin gudanar da sufuri da musayar gasses, ruwaye, da abubuwan gina jiki a jiki.
Gas Exchange
A cikin huhu, oxygen ya yada daga alveoli zuwa capillaries da za a hade zuwa haemoglobin kuma za'a ɗauka cikin jikin. Carbon dioxide (daga jini mai cike da jini) daga bisani yana gudana daga capillaries zuwa cikin alveoli don a kwashe cikin yanayin.
Ƙarya da Kayan Gwari
Hakazalika, ruwaye da na gina jiki suna yadawa ta hanyar adadin ƙwaƙwalwa a cikin jikin jikin, kuma an cire kayan sharar da ƙwayoyin da za'a kawo su ta hanyar veins zuwa kodan da hanta inda za'a sarrafa su kuma an kawar da su daga jiki.
Nau'in Capillaries
Akwai nau'i-nau'i na 3 na farko:
- Ci gaba - Wadannan capillaries basu da kullun kuma suna bada izinin ƙananan kwayoyin su wuce. Sun kasance a cikin tsoka, fata, mai, da nama.
- Fenestrated - Wadannan capillaries suna da kananan pores wanda ke ba da damar kananan kwayoyin ta hanyar kuma suna a cikin intestines, kodan, da kuma endocrine gland.
- Sinusoidal ko discontinuous - Wadannan capillaries suna da manyan bude pores-manyan isa don ba da damar jini jini ta hanyar. Sun kasance a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa, kwayoyin lymph nodes, da ƙwararru, kuma suna, ainihin, "mafi kyawun" na capillaries.
- Tsarin jini-kwakwalwa - A cikin tsarin duniyar da ke tsakiya shine capillaries sun hada da abin da aka sani da shafar jini-kwakwalwa . Wannan shamaki yana ƙuntata ikon yin guba (kuma, rashin alheri, da yawa daga cikin ma'aikatan chemotherapy) don shiga cikin kwakwalwa.
Tafiya ta jini ta hanyar Capillaries
Tun da jini ya gudana ta hanyar capillaries tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen rike jiki, zaka iya mamaki abin da ya faru a yayin da canjin jini ya sauya, misali, idan jinin jini zai sauke ( hypotension .) Ana yin gyare-gyare na gadgeti ta hanyar abin da ake kira autoregulation, don haka idan jinin jini zai sauke, ya gudana ta hanyar capillaries zai ci gaba da samar da iskar oxygen da kayan abinci ga kyallen jikin jikin.
Tare da motsa jiki, an tattara wasu gadaje masu ganyayyaki a cikin huhu don shirya don ƙarin yawan buƙata na oxygen a jikin jikin.
Yaduwar jini a cikin capillaries ana sarrafawa ta sphincters precapillary. Tsinkayyar rigakafi ne ƙwayoyin kwayoyin da ke kula da motsin jini tsakanin arterioles da capillaries.
Capillary Microcirculation
Dokar motsin ruwa a tsakanin capillaries da suturar tsakiya na tsakiya kewaye da shi an kiyasta ta hanyar ma'auni na sojojin biyu: matsa lamba na hydrostatic da osmotic matsa lamba.
A gefen gefen capillary, matsa lamba na hydrostatic (matsin da yake fitowa daga zuciya don yin jini da kuma rubutun arteries) yana da girma.
Tun da capillaries suna "rushewa" wannan matsa lamba yana amfani da ruwa da kayan abinci a kan ganuwar capillary kuma sun fita cikin wuri na tsakiya da kyallen takalma.
A gefen gefen capillary, matsa lamba na hydrostatic ya sauko sosai. A wannan lokaci, shi ne matsa lamba na ruwa a cikin capillary (saboda kasancewar salts da sunadarai a cikin jini) wanda ya jawo ruwa zuwa cikin murya. Har ila yau, matsalolin osmotic ana kiransu matsa lamba ne kuma yana da alaƙa da ruɓaɓɓen samfurori daga cikin kyallen takalma kuma a cikin capillary za a mayar da shi zuwa jini (sannan a ba da shi ga kodan a cikin wasu shafuka.)
Yawan Capillaries
Adadin capillaries a cikin nama zai iya bambanta yadu. Tabbas, an sanya huhu tare da capillaries kewaye da alveoli don karbi oxygen da kuma sauke carbon dioxide. A waje da huhu, capillaries suna da yawa a cikin kyallen takarda da suka fi aiki sosai.
A Capillaries 'Visually'
Ruwan fata - Idan ka taba yin mamaki dalilin da yasa launinka ya fara fari lokacin da ka sanya matsa lamba akan shi amsar shine capillaries. Rashin ƙarfin jiki a kan fata yana motsa jinin daga cikin murfin da ke haifar da blanching ko bayyanar ido lokacin da an cire nauyin.
Capillary cika - Doctors sau da yawa duba don "capillary cika." Ana gwada wannan ta hanyar lura da sauri yadda fata ya zama ruwan hoda bayan da aka saki sakon kuma zai iya ba da ra'ayi game da lafiyar kyallen takarda. Misali na wannan amfani zai kasance a cikin mutane da konewa. Hannun mataki na biyu zai iya bayyana karar murya don jinkirta jinkirin, amma a cikin digiri na uku ya ƙone, ba za a cika kullun ba.
Masu gaggawa na gaggawa sukan duba kullun murya ta hanyar turawa a kan ƙuƙwalwa ko ƙuttura, sa'an nan kuma sakewa da matsa lamba kuma suna jira don ganin tsawon lokacin da ake buƙatar ƙyallen ya sake fitowa ruwan hoda. Idan launi ya dawo a cikin biyu seconds (yawan lokacin da yake ɗauka don ɗauka capillary cika), ƙuduri zuwa hannu ko ƙafa yana da kyau. Idan kullun da aka yi amfani da shi yana ɗaukar fiye da biyu seconds, ana iya canzawa da ƙwayar magunguna da kuma la'akari da gaggawa. Akwai wasu saitunan da za'a cika mahimmancin murfin capillary kamar yadda aka yi a cikin ruwa.
Hanya na uku da kuma haɓakaccen haɗari - Kana iya ji likitoci sunyi magana game da wani abu da aka sani da "wuri na uku". Hanyoyin da aka iya amfani da shi na Capillary yana nufin ikon ruwa don fita daga cikin capillaries a cikin kayan da ke kewaye. Za'a iya ƙara yawan karfin ginin capillary ta hanyar cytokines (leukotrienes, histamines, and prostaglandins) wanda aka saki daga kwayoyin halitta. Ƙara yawan ruwa (na uku) a gida zai iya haifar da amya. Lokacin da wani ya kamu da rashin lafiya, wannan shimfidawa ta uku saboda lalacewa na lakabi na iya zama tartsatsi, yana ba da jikin su fatar jiki.
Lambobin jini na Capillary - Mafi yawan lokuta lokacin da aka zubar da jininka, mai fasaha zai dauki jini daga jikinka a hannunka. Har ila yau ana iya amfani da jini mai ɗaukar jini don yin wasu gwaje-gwaje na jini, kamar su masu kula da sukarin jini. Ana amfani da katako don yanke yatsan (yanke cutuka) kuma za'a iya amfani dasu don gwada jini da jini da pH.
Yanayi da ke tattare da Capillaries
Akwai hanyoyi da dama da ba a sani ba wanda ya ƙunshi capillaries. Wasu daga cikinsu sun haɗa da:
Ruwan giya na Port - "alamar haifuwa" - kimanin 1 a cikin 300 an haife su tare da "alamomi" wanda ya kunshi yanki na jan ko fata mai laushi wanda ke da alaka da launin fata. Yawancin giya na ruwan inabi suna da matsala mai kyau maimakon jin dadi, amma suna iya zubar da jini sau da yawa lokacin da suke fushi.
Macerar Capillary - ciwowar rashin ciwo ta hanyar cututtuka - Lalacin launi na Capillary na iya faruwa a matsayin ɓangare na ciwo da aka gaji a cikin kimanin 1 cikin 100,000 mutanen Turai. A cikin wannan ciwo, akwai ƙarin jini fiye da al'ada ta hanyar capillaries a kusa da fata, wanda zai haifar da dudu mai launin ruwan hoda da launin ja a fata. Mai yiwuwa ya faru ne kawai, ko mutane na iya samun wasu matsaloli na wannan ciwo kamar misalin magunguna (haɗuwa marar haɗi tsakanin arteries da veins) wanda, a lokacin da yake kwakwalwa, na iya haifar da ciwon kai da kuma kamawa.
Sashin ciwon sikila na jiki - Labaran da aka sani da ciwon sikila na capillary ya ƙunshi ƙananan nau'in sutura wanda zai haifar da haɗuwa da ƙwayar nassi da kuma ɓarna na katsewa saboda yaduwa cikin saurin jini.
Macular degeneration - Macular degeneration, yanzu babban dalilin makanta a Amurka, na faruwa na biyu don lalata a cikin capillaries na retina.
> Sources:
> Gidan Gida na Genetics. Maganin Capillary - Magungunan Malformation. An buga 11/08/16.
> Makarantar Magunguna ta {asar Amirka. Capillaries.