Formaldehyde wani wuri ne mai ban sha'awa, mai ƙanshi wanda zai iya haɗuwa da hotunan makarantar sakandare da rarraba gwanon ruwa, watakila saboda yadda aka yi amfani da ita a matsayin mai sa maye. Lokacin da aka hade shi cikin ruwa, abu ya zama formalin, bambancin sinadarai na formaldehyde.
Formalin shi ne wakili da aka samo a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na likita a duniya, yayin da yake "samfurin" samfurori na samfurori; Wadannan samfurori na rayuwa sun kasance "gyara tsari, tsarin paraffin" lokacin da formalin ke sanya giciye-haɗewa cikin kyallen takarda da ke adana samfurin, sa'an nan kuma ana amfani da suturar paraffin nama don samar da cikakken ƙarfi da ƙarfin don ba da damar samfurin ya kasance sliced da bakin ciki kuma an sanya shi a kan zane don kallon microscopic.
Yin amfani da formaldehyde da formalin baya iyakance ga magani ba, duk da haka, formaldehyde yafi kowa a cikin yanayi fiye da wanda zaiyi tunani. Jerin taƙaitaccen samfurori na samfurori da suka ƙunshi ko aka yi tare da formaldehyde sun biyo baya:
- Wasu kayan gine-gine, ciki har da kayayyakin gine-gine, irin su launi, plywood, da fiberboard
- Wasu glues da adhesives
- Tsaya-latsa takarda
- Turan takarda
- Wasu kayan haɓaka
- Masana'antu na masana'antu, germicides, da kuma disinfectants
- Masu kulawa a cikin tsararraki da kuma dakunan gwaje-gwaje na likita
Formaldehyde yana faruwa ne a cikin yanayi. A gaskiya, an samar da shi a ƙananan ƙwayoyin ta rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a matsayin ɓangare na al'ada na al'ada.
Yaushe An Yi Amfani?
Formaldehyde an fara sayar da shi ne a Jamus a cikin shekarun 1880, sannan daga bisani a Belgium, Faransa, da kuma Amurka. A tarihi, ana amfani da formaldehyde farko a matsayin magungunan likita, ko kuma wakili.
A yau, irin wannan amfani yana wakiltar kasa da kashi ɗaya daga cikin dari. Amfani a cikin sashi, wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1940 a Jamus yana daya daga cikin bukatun masana'antu na farko don sunadarai.
Me ake amfani dasu a yau?
An kiyasta cewa kimanin miliyan 3.6 na formaldehyde a kowace shekara ne masana'antun Turai kawai suke samarwa, don amfani da su a wasu masana'antu daban daban ciki har da gina, kayan motsa jiki, jiragen sama da kiwon lafiya.
A shekarar 2012, kasar Sin ta kasance mafi girma a duniya, sannan Amurka da sauran ƙasashe suka biyo baya. An kiyasta samar da samfurin formaldehyde akan fiye da ton miliyan 52 a shekarar 2017.
Formaldehyde yana da kyakkyawar abrasion da halayen zafi, don haka ana amfani dashi a cikin samar da manyan sassa na jiragen sama wadanda suka hada da kayan hawan dutse, shinge, ƙofar da taga da kuma sashi a cikin man fetur. Ana amfani da ƙananan resine na formaldehyde a cikin masana'antun masana'antun don taimakawa da kayan ado a cikin masana'anta da kuma hana launuka daga gudu lokacin da wanke kayan wanke.
Yaya aka bayyana mutane zuwa Formaldehyde?
A cewar Cibiyar Cancer na Amurka, hanyar da mutane ke nunawa ga formaldehyde shine ta hanyar haushi, duk da haka yana iya yiwuwa a fallasa ta fata ta hanyar cin abinci ko sha da ke dauke da formaldehyde. Formaldehyde wanda ya zo cikin haɗuwa da abin da ake kira mucosa na numfashi, kwayoyin da ke rufe bakin, hanci da ƙwayar hanyoyi, za a iya rushewa ta hanyar enzymes irin wannan kasa da kashi uku na shi ya shiga jini.
Duk iska mai iska da iska ta waje suna dauke da ƙananan formaldehyde kullum. Wadannan yawa yawanci basu da kashi 0.03 a kowace miliyan.
Cushewar motar wata babbar hanyar formaldehyde ne a waje, yayin da matakan formaldehyde na ciki sun karbi gudunmawar daga abubuwa kamar bishiyoyi da aka kunshe da bishiyoyin da ke dauke da formaldehyde resins, daji na cikin gida, da kuma kerosene. Hayaki na taba shi ma asalin formaldehyde, kuma akalla binciken daya ya gano matakan formaldehyde sun haɗa da DNA a cikin jinin jini na masu smokers idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba a san su ba.
Ta yaya Formaldehyde zai shafi lafiyar gaba daya?
Mutanen da aka fallasa su ta hanyar inhalation zuwa matakan a 0.0 zuwa 0.5 ppm an bayar da rahoton sun sami fushi da ido da ido, abubuwan da ke tattare da kwayoyin cutar, da kuma yawan haɗarin fuka da / ko rashin lafiya.
Eczema da canje-canje a cikin aikin huhu sun lura a matakan a cikin kewayon 0.6 zuwa 1.9 ppm. Rage nauyi na jiki, cututtukan gastrointestinal, hanta da kuma koda koda aka lura a cikin dabbobin da aka nuna su a fili zuwa 50-100 milligrams / kilogram / day (MG / kg / day) formaldehyde.
Can Exposure Formaldehyde Ya Sa Ciwon Cutar?
Abin takaicin shine, amsar wannan tambaya tana da "yes" a wannan lokacin. Wato, kungiyoyi daban-daban sun gane cewa akwai yiwuwar ci gaban ciwon ciwon daji saboda bayyanar formaldehyde, amma girman da kullun wannan hadarin bai bayyana ba. Ma'aikatar Lafiya da Ayyukan Dan Adam (HHS) ta ƙaddara a shekara ta 2011 cewa formaldehyde wani mutum ne da aka sani na carcinogen wanda yake da nasaba da binciken mutum da dabba.
Shin Exposuredehyde Exposure An Lance da cutar Kankarar Cutar Kanjamau da Wasu Cutar Kanjamau?
Duk da yake wannan caveat yana da alaka da cutar kanjamau - cewa ainihin kwayar cutar ciwon daji ke nunawa daga bayyanar formaldehyde wanda ba a sani ba- cutar sankarar bargo , kuma musamman wani nau'i na cutar sankarar bargo da aka sani da cutar sankarar myeloid , an ambaci ta fiye da 'yan kungiyoyi tare da bayyanar da na formaldehyde . Ga bayanin taƙaitaccen bayani game da hadarin daga formaldehyde daga Cibiyar Cancer na Amurka:
An nuna bayyanar da formaldehyde don haifar da ciwon daji a cikin gwajin gwajin gwaji. An nuna alamun da ake samu na formaldehyde a tsarin likita da na sana'a zuwa wasu nau'in ciwon daji a cikin mutane, amma sakamakon tasiri ga ƙananan kuɗi bai zama cikakke ba.
Har ila yau, ACS ta bayar da rahoton cewa, yawancin bincike sun gano cewa masanan da likitoci da ke amfani da formaldehyde sun kara yawan cutar cutar sankarar bargo, da kuma cutar sankarar rigakafi mai yawa: "Wasu nazarin ma'aikata masana'antu da aka bayyana a formaldehyde sun sami karuwar cutar cutar sankarar bargo, amma ba duka nazarin ba sun nuna haɗari da yawa. "
Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon Siyasa ta kasa ta ƙaddamar da cewa, bisa ga bayanai daga binciken a cikin mutane da kuma binciken bincike, bayyanar da formaldehyde na iya haifar da cutar sankarar bargo, musamman cutar cutar sankarar mahaifa, a cikin mutane.
Amfani na EPA ya ce: "Formaldehyde zai iya haifar da fushin fata, idanu, hanci, da wuya. Babban matakan yadawa zai iya haifar da wasu cututtuka. "Hukumar ta bada wasu matakai da matakan da suka dace game da matakan formaldehyde da hadarin:
- US EPA ta ƙayyade cewa samuwa ga formaldehyde a cikin ruwan sha a ƙirar 10 milligrams / lita (MG / L) na rana 1 ko 5 MG / L na kwanaki 10 bazai sa ran haifar da mummunan tasiri a cikin yara ba.
- Har ila yau, EPA ya ƙayyade cewa ba za a iya tsammanin yawancin rayuwar da ake yi wa 1 mg / L na formaldehyde a cikin ruwan sha ba zai haifar da wani mummunar tasiri ba.
Sauran hukumomi sun yi mulki kan bayyanar formaldehyde:
- Gudanar da Zaman Lafiya na Kasuwancin (OSHA) yana da iyakacin ɗaukar ma'aikata zuwa kimanin 0.75 ppm don aiki na awa 8, aiki na 40-hour.
- Ma'aikatar Gidajen Harkokin Gida da Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar {asar Amirka (HUD) ta kafa sharuɗɗa ga kayan aikin formaldehyde a cikin gidaje masu masana'antu wanda ba kasa da 0.2 ppm na plywood da 0.3 ppm don ma'auni. An tsara ka'idodin HUD don samar da iska mai iska na 0.4 ppm ko žasa a cikin gidaje masu sana'a.
Nazarin Nazarin Hanyoyin Hanyoyin Hanyoyin Cutar Lahani
Idan har hakika formaldehyde na taimakawa wajen cutar cutar sankarar bargo, to akwai yiwuwar wani abin da hakan zai faru da masana kimiyya zasu iya gani. Wannan shine batun da ya jagoranci binciken da aka wallafa a cikin watan Mayu na 2017 na Mahimman Bayani a Toxicology wanda yayi nazari akan tasirin formaldehyde a kan lafiyar ma'aikatan da aka bayyana a formaldehyde a daya daga cikin masana'antu biyu da ke amfani da su ko kuma samar da formaldehyde-melamine a Sin.
Binciken da ya gabata ya gano cewa irin wannan tasirin yana haifar da lalacewar jikin jini a cikin kasusuwa. A cikin binciken yanzu, masu binciken sunyi ƙoƙarin tabbatar da kasancewar wasu sauye-sauye na cellular a cikin jinin fararen jini a sakamakon amsawar formaldehyde. Ba su iya nuna bambance-bambance a cikin tantanin jini, granulocyte, platelet, da kuma kwayar jinin jini wanda ya dogara akan matakan formaldehyde. Daga cikin ma'aikatan formaldehyde-ma'aikata wadanda ba a fallasa su ba, babu wata ƙungiya da aka lura tsakanin kimanin adadi mai daraja na formaldehyde da kuma yawan yawan adadin chromosomes a cikin sel. Wannan binciken bai tabbatar da cewa formaldehyde na da lafiya ba, amma dai duk wani mummunan sakamako na formaldehyde ba zai haifar da canji a lamarin chromosome, akalla ba a gwajin gwaji ba.
Kalma Daga
Yayinda masana kimiyya ke ci gaba da gwadawa game da hadarin da ake ciki da bayyanar formaldehyde, akwai wasu abubuwa da za ku iya yi a gida don ƙoƙari ku ƙididdige ɗaukar ku. EPA ya bada shawarar yin amfani da kayan aikin itace "na waje-sa" har ma cikin gida. A bayyane yake, waɗannan samfurori sun sa ƙasa da formaldehyde saboda nauyin sunadarai na adhesives da ake amfani dasu.
Hakanan zaka iya tambayarka game da abun formaldehyde a maƙasudin sayan-lokacin sayi kayan gwaninta-ciki har da kayan gine-gine, sharuɗɗa, da furniture, da dai sauransu.
Ana iya rage matakan formaldehyde ta hanyar kyale shan taba a ɗakin. Har ila yau kuna son tabbatar da samun iska mai kyau. Kuma wani abu da za a yi tunani game da lokacin da aka tanada darajarka ita ce yanayin ƙarfin da aka rage da kuma rage yawan matakan zafi. Wasu mutane suna adana kuɗi ta hanyar dakatar da gidan lokacin da suka tafi, amma ba ka so ka bari yanayin gida ya zama maɗaukaki.
> Sources:
> Cibiyar Ciwon Ƙwayar Yammacin Amirka. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/formaldehyde.html
> Mundt KA, Gallagher AE, Dell LD, et al. Shin faɗakarwa na sana'a ga formaldehyde zai haifar da rashin lafiyar cutar da cutar sankarar jini-musamman chromosome na canzawa a cikin kwayoyin halittun myeloid na al'ada? Crit Rev Toxicol . 2017 Mayu 2: 1-11.
> Tambayoyi Tx don Formaldehyde. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts111.pdf