Yanayin Zaɓin Gurasarku

Kowace shekara an riga an bada maganin rigakafin mura don kare mu daga mura. Ƙungiyar Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka na Amurka (CDC) tana ba da shawarar cewa duk wanda ya kai tsawon watanni 6 zai yi alurar riga kafi akan mura a kowace shekara. Domin shekaru da yawa akwai maganin ciwon mura daya kawai - irin labaran gargajiya da ya hada da nau'i uku na cutar mura. Duk da haka, akwai nau'ukan da yawa don kare kanka daga mura. Koyi game da irin maganin alurar rigakafi daban-daban da kuma gano abin da zai iya dacewa da kai da iyalinka.

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Ƙungiyar Flu Shooting

Rashin kamuwa da cutar kamar yadda muka san shi shekaru da yawa shine maganin alurar riga kafi wanda aka girma a cikin ƙwaiyen kaza. Ya kasance cikin nau'i uku na cutar mura (nau'i biyu na mura A da kuma wani nau'i na mura B) waɗanda masu bincike suka yi imani sunyi rashin lafiya a lokacin wannan kakar mura.

Yana daukan kimanin watanni shida don yin maganin alurar rigakafi, wanda ke nufin cewa za a zaba wannan damuwa zuwa karshen ƙarshen kakar bara.

An gudanar da shi azaman ƙwayar intramuscular (IM) in hannu ko cinya. Yarin da ba su da shekaru 8 da haihuwa ba su taɓa samun ciwon rigakafin rigakafi ba kafin su buƙaci guda biyu a cikin makonni hudu baya. Sakamakon farko na maganin alurar rigakafi ne a matsayin "faramin" don haka tsarin lafiyar jiki ya san abin da zai nema. Hanya (na biyu) na bada izinin tsarin rigakafi don ƙirƙirar kwayoyin cutar da za su taimaka wajen yaki da mura ba tare da yanda yaron ya kamu ba idan an bayyana shi.

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Hanyoyin Fluguwa Quadrivalent

Ana gudanar da maganin alurar rigakafi na quadrivalent kamar yadda al'adun gargajiya na yau da kullum ya kasance. Bambanci shine cewa maganin alurar ƙwayar cuta yana dauke da nau'i hudu na cutar mura (nau'i biyu na mura A da nau'i biyu na mura B), a bayyane yake samar da kariya mai kyau akan mura.

Domin ba mu san ainihin abin da annobar cutar za ta sa mutane marasa lafiya a kowace shekara, ciki har da ƙarin ƙwayoyin cuta a maganin zai kara yawan damar da za a yi a cikin maganin.

Kamar yaduwar cutar ciwon sukari, ana ba da harbi mai yaduwa kamar kwayar cutar IM. Duk maganin alurar rigakafi na daukar kimanin makonni biyu don samar da rigakafi kuma ya zama mai tasiri.

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Intradermal Flu Shot

Rashin kamuwa da cutar ta intradermal ya bambanta da sauran cututtuka na ƙwayar cutar saboda an yi masa allura cikin fata maimakon tsoka. Yana amfani da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar da ta fi ƙuƙwalwar gargajiya don yana bukatar shiga cikin ƙananan launin fatar maimakon ƙin shiga cikin tsoka.

Irin wannan maganin alurar rigakafi ya amince don amfani da tsofaffi tsakanin shekarun 18 zuwa 64. Mutanen da suke samun maganin alurar rigakafi sun nuna rashin jin zafi fiye da raunin gargajiyar gargajiya amma suna iya samun wasu illa mai lalacewa irin su inganci, redness, da kumburi a allura shafin.

Kwayar cutar ta Fluzone ta kamu da ƙwayar cutar ta kamu ne, saboda haka yana dauke da nau'i hudu na mura.

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Mafi Maganin Gurasar Magunguna

Akwai hakikanin maganin alurar rigakafi daban-daban guda biyu da ke samuwa ga tsofaffi don ƙirƙirar maganin cutar ta hanyar mura. Ɗaya daga cikin maganin rigakafi mai mahimmanci daya kuma ɗayan shine mummunan fashewa da aka yi tare da adjuvant. Adjuvant wani abu ne wanda ke taimaka wa jiki ya haifar da maganin gaggawa ga cutar.

Dukkanin wadannan maganin suna da ma'ana, ma'ana suna dauke da nau'i uku na mura. An yarda da su duka don amfani a cikin shekarun shekara 65 da haihuwa.

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Madacciyar Fluccin Fluccin Flucewa

Magunguna masu yawa na maganin alurar rigakafi sun ƙunshi wani sashi wanda ake kira thimerosal a matsayin mai kiyayewa domin hana rigakafi tun lokacin da ake maganin maganin alurar riga kafi.

Kodayake babu wata haɗari da ke hade da amfani da thimerosal a maganin alurar riga kafi, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka don maganin alurar rigakafin da basu dauke da wannan sashi ba . Kwayoyin maganin ƙwayar cuta guda ɗaya ba su ƙunshi thimerosal kuma suna "kyauta marasa kyauta".

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Intranasal Flu Vaccine (FluMist)

Har zuwa shekara ta 2016 zuwa shekara ta 2017, cutar kanjamau da ake kira FluMist ita ce zabin da aka fi sani a cikin maganin rigakafi ga yara. Ana gudanar da shi azaman ƙuƙwarar hanci - squirt mai sauri a kowace rana kuma an yi ka.

Masarar rigakafi ta FluMist tana amfani da cutar cutar ta hanyar rashin aiki. An yarda don amfani dashi a cikin yara fiye da shekaru 2 da basu da ciwon fuka ko tarihin raye-raye. Ana iya amfani dashi a yara da manya har zuwa shekaru 49.

A shekara ta 2016, kwamitin Shawarar Kan Kwayoyin rigakafi (ACIP) ya bada shawarar cewa ba za a yi amfani da allurar rigakafin ƙwayar mura ba saboda damuwa game da ingancinta. Shawara zai iya canjawa a nan gaba, amma a wannan lokaci, Ba'a bada shawara ga FluMist don amfani azaman maganin alurar riga kafi.

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Jet Injected Flu Vaccine

An yi amfani da maganin alurar rigakafi ta hanyar jigilar kwayar cutar ba ta amfani da allura ba. Ana gudanar da shi ta amfani da karamin motar likita "wanda ke amfani da matsin lamba, raƙuman ruwa na ruwa don shiga cikin fata maimakon madogarar hypodermic," ta CDC.

Wannan maganin alurar rigakafi ne wanda ya ƙunshi nau'i uku na ciwon mura - kuma an yarda don amfani da manya tsakanin shekarun 18 zuwa 64.

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Nama Gurasar Gurasar Cutar Guda

Lokaci ne da mutanen da ke da abincin hawan daji su guji maganin alurar rigakafi. Rahotanni na baya-bayan nan sun nuna cewa kusan kowa da kowa tare da ƙwayar ɗan kwari yana iya yin alurar riga kafi tare da maganin alurar rigakafin gargajiya. Hanya na rashin lafiyar maganin alurar rigakafi ba mafi girma a cikin mutanen da ke da ƙwayar kwari fiye da yadda suke a cikin mutane ba tare da rashin lafiyar nama ba.

Duk da haka, idan kana da damuwa game da rashin lafiyarka ko yiwuwar rashin lafiyar jiki, akwai cututtuka na rigakafin ƙwayar cutar da basu ci gaba da ƙwayar ƙwai ba kuma basu dauke da gina jiki mai gina jiki ba.

Akwai alurar rigakafi masu ƙwayar cutar da suke da juna biyu da kuma quadrivalent. Wadannan alurar rigakafi ne ke samuwa ta hanyar daban daban fiye da sauran alurar rigakafi. Ana iya samar da su fiye da sauri fiye da maganin rigakafin gargajiya na gargajiya, suna sa su zama mai kyau a cikin yanayin cutar pandemics. Saboda ba su girma a cikin qwai ba, ba su da wata hadari ga wadanda suke tare da hawan daji. Ana yarda da maganin alurar rigakafi na Flublok da sau hudu a cikin mutane masu shekaru 18 da haihuwa.

Wani maganin alurar rigakafi na kwai ba shi ne maganin alurar rigakafi wanda ke amfani da kwayar cutar da ke girma a cikin al'ada. An yarda don amfani a cikin shekaru 4 da haihuwa.

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A kan Horizon: Flu Vaccine Patch

Kodayake ba a samuwa ga jama'a ba tukuna, gwaji na asibiti sunyi alkawarin samun cutar alurar rigakafi . Wannan maganin alurar rigakafi mai kula da kansa ya sanya a hannun kamar sutura kuma cire minti kaɗan. Ya ƙunshi daruruwan micro-needles wanda ya rushe a kan aikace-aikacen.

Ba maganin alurar riga kafi ya kamata a firiji ko gudanarwa ta hanyar likita mai horar da likita kamar yadda cutar ta ke yi yanzu. Samun maganin rigakafin gida tare da irin wannan fasaha yana da ban sha'awa ga masu samar da kiwon lafiya, jami'an kiwon lafiya, da masu bincike.

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Yanayi na gaba: Ƙwararriya ta Duniya

Kwayoyin maganin rigakafi na yau da kullum suna da rauni sosai duk da cewa masu kiwon lafiya da jami'an kiwon lafiya a fadin kasar da kuma fadin duniya sun bada shawarar su. Gaskiyar cewa dole mu yi alurar riga kafi a kowace shekara kuma wadannan maganin alurar rigakafi suna da tasiri sosai a cikin waɗannan ƙananan rates.

Mutane suna fahimta ba sa so su dauki lokaci don samun maganin alurar da zai yiwu ko bazai aiki ba. Dole ne mu yi la'akari da kowace shekara game da abin da cututtuka na mura zai iya sa mutane su kamu da wannan rashin lafiya. Wani lokaci za mu sami dama kuma wani lokacin ba muyi ba.

Akwai darussan karatu a halin yanzu wanda zai iya canza makomar rigakafi ga dukanmu. Ƙungiyoyin masana kimiyya da yawa suna neman yadda za su ci gaba da maganin alurar rigakafi don su kasance mafi tasiri kuma ba za'a ba su a kowace shekara ba saboda za su kai ga wani ɓangare na kwayar cutar da ba ta canza ba. Ko da yake wannan ba zai yiwu ba tukuna, zai iya samuwa a cikin nesa mai nisa.

Kalma Daga

Ko da yake akwai zaɓuɓɓuka masu yawa, ba dukansu ba ne daidai ga kowa da kowa. Kowane yana da ƙayyadaddun yanayin da zai sa ku, ɗayan ku, ko wani danginku ya cancanci shi. Idan kuna sha'awar wani maganin alurar rigakafi, tattauna shi tare da mai bada sabis na kiwon lafiya.

> Sources:

> Advancing zuwa wani ƙwayar cuta ta duniya | NIH: Cibiyar Nazarin Allergy da cututtuka na kasa. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/universal-flu-vaccine.

> CDC. Magunguna da kuma mutanen da ke da ƙwayar ƙwayoyi. Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. http://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/egg-allergies.htm. An buga Satumba 2, 2016.

> CDC. Babban Facts Game da Yanayin Cutar Vaccine. Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/keyfacts.htm. An buga Oktoba 30, 2017.

> Cutar rigakafi - Amurka, shekara ta 2017-18 * | Hanyoyin Lafiya (Flu) | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/protect/vaccine/vaccines.htm. An buga Oktoba 17, 2017.