Menene Neuroblastoma?

Kwayoyin cututtuka, jiyya, da kuma ƙwarewar Neuroblastoma

Idan yaronka ko dan uwan ​​da aka gano da neuroblastoma, me kake bukatar ka sani? Yaya yawancin irin wannan ciwon yaro na yara yake? Yaya za'a bi da ita kuma menene alamar ganewa?

Menene Neuroblastoma?

A matsayin daya daga cikin yawan ciwon daji na yau da kullum a jariri, neuroblastoma ciwon daji ne wanda aka samo a cikin yara. Ciwon sukari yana fara neuroblasts (kwayoyin jijiyoyin kare jiki) na tsarin kulawa na tsakiya.

Musamman ma, neuroblastoma ya ƙunshi kwayoyin jijiyoyin da suke cikin ɓangaren jin dadi. Kwayoyin masu tausayi da sassaucin zuciya sune bangarori biyu na tsarin kulawa na kwakwalwa, tsarin da ke sarrafa tsarin tafiyar da jiki wanda ba mu da mahimmanci muyi tunanin irin su numfashi da narkewa. Wannan tsarin mai tausayi yana da alhakin "gwagwarmaya ko gudu" abin da ke faruwa idan muka damu ko tsorata.

Wannan tsarin mai tausayi yana da wuraren da ake magana da shi kamar ganglia, wanda ke cikin sassa daban-daban na jiki. Dangane da inda a cikin wannan tsarin ne neuroblastoma ya fara, zai iya farawa a cikin glanders (kusan kashi uku na lokuta), ciki, ƙashin ƙugu, kirji, ko wuyansa.

Statistics Game da Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma ne mai yawan ciwon daji na yara , yana lissafin kashi 7 cikin dari na masu ciwon daji a cikin shekaru 15, da kuma kashi 25 cikin dari na cututtuka da suka bunkasa a farkon shekara ta rayuwa.

Kamar yadda irin wannan, shi ne mafi yawan irin ciwon daji a jarirai. Yana da yawa fiye da maza a cikin maza fiye da mata. Kimanin kashi 65 cikin 100 na neuroblastomas an gano su kafin shekaru 6, kuma wannan irin ciwon daji yana da wuya bayan da ya kai shekaru 10. Neuroblastoma yana da alhakin kashi 15 cikin 100 na mutuwar mutuwa a yara.

Alamai da cututtuka na Neuroblastoma

Alamun da alamun kwayar cutar neuroblastoma zasu iya bambanta dangane da inda suke cikin jiki da kuma ko ciwon daji ya yada zuwa wasu yankuna.

Alamar da aka fi kowa ta nuna shi ne babban ɓangaren ciki. Hakanan za'a iya faruwa a wasu yankuna inda ganglia suke ciki kamar kirji, ƙuƙwalwa, ko wuyansa. Zazzaɓi na iya kasancewa kuma yara zasu iya sha wahala daga asarar nauyi ko "rashin cin nasara."

Lokacin da ciwon daji ya yada (mafi yawancin gabar kasusuwan, hanta, ko kasusuwa) wasu alamun cututtuka na iya kasancewa. Bayanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a baya da kuma kusa da idanu (periorbital metastases) na iya haifar da idanun jariran su fara fitowa da duhu a karkashin idanunta. Masturbases ga fata zai iya sa bluish baki fata (ecchymoses) wanda ya haifar da kalmar "blueberry muffin baby." Riga a kan kashin baya daga ƙananan ƙananan ƙwayar cuta zai iya haifar da ciwon zuciya ko mafitsara bayyanar cututtuka. Rashin ƙananan ƙananan kasusuwa sukan haifar da ciwo kuma zai iya haifar da cututtuka (cututtuka na kashi wanda ya raunana saboda ciwon ciwon daji a cikin kashi).

A ina ne Neuroblastomas yada (Metastasize)?

Neuroblastomas zasu iya yadawa daga hanyar farko ta hanyar jini ko tsarin lymphatic.

Yankunan jikin da aka yada su ne mafi yawan sun hada da:

• Kasusuwa (haddasa raunin nama da ƙusarwa)
• Hudu
• Kwanuka (haddasa rashin ƙarfi ko numfashi)
• Bone marrow (sakamakon sakamako da rauni saboda anemia)
• Yankin Tsakiya (a kusa da idanu da ke haifar da bulging)
• Skin (haifar da bayyanar blueberry muffin)

Sanin asalin Neuroblastoma

Sakamakon ganewar cutar neuroblastoma yawanci ya haɗa da gwaje-gwajen jini da ke neman alamar (abubuwa da kwayoyin cutar ciwon daji ke ɓoye) da kuma nazarin hotunan.

A matsayin ɓangare na tsarin jinƙai mai tausayi, kwayoyin neuroblastoma sun ɓoye kwayoyin hormones da ake kira catecholamines. Wadannan sun hada da hormones kamar epinephrine, norepinephrine, da dopamine.

Abubuwa mafi yawancin lokacin da aka auna su wajen yin ganewar asali na neuroblastoma sun hada da homovanillic acid (HVA) da vanillylmandelic acid (VMA). HVA da VMA sune samfurori (samfurori) na norepinephrine da dopamine.

Sakamakon gwaje-gwajen da aka yi don kimanta ƙwayar cuta (da kuma neman matakan ganyayyaki) na iya haɗa da CT scans, MRIs da PET dubawa . Ba kamar CT da MRI ba, waɗanda suke "nazarin tsarin", ilimin PET yana "binciken" aiki. A cikin gwajin, an yi amfani da ƙwayar rediyo mai zurfi a cikin jini. Kwayoyi masu girma da sauri, irin su kwayoyin tumatir, daukan ƙarin sukari kuma za'a iya gano su tare da hotunan.

An yi amfani da maniyyi mai laushi mai mahimmanci kuma tun da yake waɗannan ciwace-ciwacen da aka yadu zuwa yadun nama.

Wani gwaji na musamman don neuroblastomas shine duba MIBG. MIBG yana tsaye ne don meta-iodobenzylguanidine. Kwayoyin neuroblastoma suna ɗauke da MIBG wanda aka hade shi tare da maida rediyo. Wadannan karatun suna taimakawa a kimanta yadun ganyayyaki na kasusuwan ciki har ma da ɓawon nama.

Wani gwajin da aka saba yi shi ne nazarin fahimtar MYCN. MYCN wata muhimmiyar mahimmanci ce ga ci gaban kwayar halitta. Wasu neuroblastomas suna da nauyin kari na wannan jigilar (fiye da 10 kofe), wani binciken da ake kira "MYCH amplification." Neuroblastomas tare da karuwar MYCN sun kasa amsawa ga jiyya don neuroblastoma kuma sun fi dacewa su hadu da wasu sassan jiki.

Neuroblastoma Screening

Tun da matakan gaggawa na vanine da kuma homocenillic acid suna da sauƙi a samo su kuma matakan haɓaka sun kasance a cikin 75 zuwa 90 bisa dari na neuroblastomas, yiwuwar nunawa duk yara ga cutar an tattauna.

Nazarin sun duba kallon gwaje-gwaje tare da waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, yawanci a cikin watanni 6. Yayinda yake nunawa yana karɓar karin yara tare da farautar neuroblastoma na farko, ba ya bayyana cewa yana da tasiri a kan yawan mutuwa akan cutar kuma ba a halin yanzu an bada shawarar ba.

Tsarin Neuroblastoma

Kamar yadda yake tare da sauran cututtuka, neuroblastoma ya rabu tsakanin matakai na da IV dangane da matsayi na yaduwar ciwon daji. Ƙungiyoyi sun haɗa da:

• Sashe Na - A mataki na cutar da ciwon kututtuka an gano, ko da yake yana iya yadawa zuwa ƙananan hanyoyi na lymph. A wannan mataki, za'a iya cire tsutsa a cikakkun lokacin aikin tiyata.
• Stage na II - An ci gaba da ciwon daji a yankin da ya fara kuma a kusa da ƙwayoyin lymph a kusa da shi, amma ba za'a iya cire tumar da cikakken aiki ba.
• Sashe na III - Ba za a iya cire ƙwayar da ƙwayar ba (ba shi da cikakke). Zai iya yadawa zuwa waƙoƙin lymph a kusa ko zuwa yanki, amma ba zuwa wasu yankuna na jiki ba.
• Mataki na IV - Mataki na IV ya ƙunshi kowane ciwon sukari na kowane nau'i tare da ko ba tare da kututtukan lymph wanda ya yada ga kashi, ƙashin kashi, hanta, ko fata.
• Sashe na IV-S - An tsara wani mataki na musamman na IV-S don ciwace-ciwacen da aka gano, amma duk da haka sun yada zuwa kasusuwa na fata, fata ko hanta a cikin jarirai kasa da shekara guda. Yawan kasusuwa na iya zama hannu, amma ƙwayar yana cikin kasa da kashi 10 cikin kasusuwa.

Kusan kashi 60 zuwa 80 cikin dari na yara ana bincikar su lokacin da ciwon daji ke da mataki na IV.

Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Neuroblastoma ta Duniya (INRGSS)

Tsarin Kayan Rashin Ƙungiyar Neuroblastoma na Ƙasa ta Duniya shine wata hanyar da aka bayyana neuroblastomas kuma ya bada bayani game da "hadarin" ciwon daji, a wasu kalmomi, yadda za a warke ciwon daji.

Yin amfani da wannan tsarin, ana kiran ƙwayoyin ciwon haɗari kamar haɗari ko ƙananan haɗari, wanda zai taimaka wajen jagorancin magani.

Dalili da Kwayoyin Risk don Neuroblastoma

Yawancin yara da neuroblastoma basu da tarihin iyali na cutar. Wancan ya ce, maye gurbin kwayoyin halitta ana zaton zasu zama alhakin kashi 10 cikin 100 na neuroblastomas.

Hanyoyi a cikin ALK (lymphoma kinase anaplastic) gene shine babban dalilin iyali neuroblastoma. An sake gano maye gurbin Germline a PHOX2B a cikin wani ɓangare na neuroblastoma na iyali.

Wasu abubuwa masu haɗari masu yiwuwa waɗanda aka kawo sun hada da shan taba na iyaye, amfani da giya, wasu magunguna a lokacin daukar ciki da kuma nunawa ga wasu sunadarai, amma a wannan lokaci bai tabbata ba ko waɗannan suna taka rawa ko a'a.

Jiyya ga Neuroblastoma

Akwai hanyoyi da dama don maganin neuroblastoma. Zaɓin waɗannan za su dogara ne akan ko aikin aiki yana yiwuwa kuma wasu dalilai. Ko dai ciwon shine "babban haɗari" kamar yadda INCRSS ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin zaɓin jiyya, kuma za a iya yin zaɓuɓɓuka bisa ga cewa kututture yana da haɗari ko rashin haɗari. Zabuka sun haɗa da:

• Tiyata - Sai dai idan neuroblastoma ya yada (mataki na IV), ana tilasta tiyata don cire yawancin ƙwayar cutar kamar yadda zai yiwu. Idan tiyata ba zai iya cire dukkan ƙwayar cutar ba, ƙarin magani da chemotherapy da radiation yawanci ana shawarar.
• Chemotherapy - Chemotherapy ya hada da amfani da kwayoyi wanda ya kashe kashe hanzari rarraba kwayoyin halitta. Saboda haka, zai iya haifar da sakamakon illa saboda sakamakonsa a jikin kwayoyin halitta wanda ke raguwa da sauri kamar su a cikin kututtukan kasusuwa, suturar gashi, da magungunan narkewa. Kwayoyin cutar shan magani da aka saba amfani dasu don sunyi maganin neuroblastoma sun hada da Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), Adriamycin (doxorubicin), Platinol (cisplatin), da etoposide. Ƙarin magunguna sukan saba amfani da shi idan an yi la'akari da ciwon sukari mai tsanani.
• Tsarin tantanin halitta na sassauki - Tsarin haɗari na chemotherapy da radiation farfadowa da aka biyo bayan ƙwayar cell din wani zaɓi don magani. Wadannan canje-canjen na iya zama ko dai autologous (ta yin amfani da sassan jikin kansa wanda aka janye kafin shan magani) ko allogeneic (ta amfani da sel daga mai bayarwa kamar iyaye ko mai bayarwa ba tare da dangantaka ba).
• Sauran jiyya - Ga ciwon daji wanda ya sake komawa, wasu nau'i na jiyya wanda za'a iya daukar su sun hada da maganin retinoid, immunotherapy , da kuma maganin maganin tare da masu maganin ALK da sauran jiyya, kamar amfani da kwayoyin da ke dauke da kwayoyin neuroblastoma da aka hade zuwa kwakwalwar kwayoyin halitta.

Aminci na ba da yaduwa daga Neuroblastoma

Wani abu mai mahimmanci da ake kira remissions remission may occur, musamman ga wadanda yara da ciwon ciwon daji wanda ba kasa da 5 cm (2 ½ inci a size,) ne mataki na ko mataki na II, kuma sun kasance kasa da shekara.

Rabawar da ba ta dace ba yakan faru yayin da ciwon sukari "ya ɓace" a kan kansu ba tare da wani magani ba. Duk da yake wannan abu ne mai wuya tare da wasu cututtuka, ba abu ne wanda ba a sani ba tare da neuroblastoma, ko dai don ƙwayoyin tumatir ko metastases. Ba mu da tabbacin abin da ya sa wasu daga cikin ciwon sukari suka tafi, amma yana iya alaka da tsarin rigakafi ta wata hanya.

Fahimtarwar Neuroblastoma

Maganin neuroblastoma zai iya bambanta ƙwarai tsakanin yara daban-daban. Shekaru a ganewar asali shine lambar factor daya da ke rinjayar hangen nesa. Yara da aka bincikar su a gabanin shekara daya suna da kyakkyawar ganewa, ko da ma matakan ci gaba na neuroblastoma.

Abubuwan da suke hade da maganin neuroblastoma sun hada da:

• Shekaru a ganewar asali
• Stage na cutar
• Sakamakon binciken kwayoyin halitta kamar fargaba da karawa
• Maganar ta maganin ƙwayar wasu sunadaran

Gano Taimako

Wani ya fada cewa abu ne mafi muni fiye da ciwon ciwon daji da kanka shine yaro yaron ya fuskanci ciwon daji, kuma akwai gaskiya da yawa ga wannan sanarwa. A matsayin iyaye, muna so mu tsayar da 'ya'yanmu zafi. Abin farin ciki, bukatun iyaye na yara da ciwon daji sun karu da hankali a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Akwai kungiyoyi masu yawa waɗanda aka tsara don tallafa wa iyaye waɗanda ke da yara da ciwon daji, kuma akwai mutane da yawa a cikin mutum da kuma kungiyoyin talla da kan layi. Wadannan kungiyoyi suna ba ka damar yin magana da iyayen da ke fuskantar irin wannan ƙalubalen kuma suna samun goyon bayan da suka zo daga sanin cewa ba kai kaɗai ba ne. Yi ɗan lokaci don bincika wasu kungiyoyin da ke goyan bayan iyaye da ke da ciwon daji.

Yana da mahimmanci a magana da 'yan uwa da yara da suke fuskantar matsalolin da ke da yarinya da ciwon daji yayin da basu da lokaci da iyayensu. Akwai kungiyoyi masu goyan baya da ma sauran sansanin da aka shirya don saduwa da bukatun yara da ke fuskantar abin da mafi yawan abokansu zasu kasa fahimta. CancerCare yana da albarkatun don taimaka wa 'yan uwan ​​da ke da ciwon daji. An sadaukar da SuperSibs don ta'aziyya da kuma karfafawa yara da ke da mahaifiyar ciwon daji kuma suna da shirye-shiryen daban don biyan bukatun waɗannan yara. Kuna iya so ku duba sansanin da kuma komawa ga iyalai da yara da ke fama da ciwon daji.

Kalma Daga

Neuroblastoma shine mafi yawan yawan ciwon daji a cikin yara a lokacin farkon shekara ta rayuwa amma yana da wuya a baya a lokacin yaro ko kuma girma. Abun cututtuka sun haɗa da gano wani taro a cikin ciki, ko alamu kamar "muffin blue" rash.

Da dama zaɓuɓɓukan magani suna samuwa ne kawai ga neuroblastomas wanda aka gano ko waɗanda suka sake dawowa. Sanarwar ta dogara ne akan dalilai masu yawa, amma rayuwa ta fi girma idan aka gano cutar a farkon shekara ta rayuwa, koda kuwa ta yada yadu. A gaskiya ma, wasu neuroblastomas, musamman wadanda a cikin jarirai, ba tare da magani bane.

Ko da lokacin da alamar sanarwa yana da kyau, wani neuroblastoma mai ganewa ne ga iyaye, wanda zai fi ganewa da kansu fiye da yadda 'ya'yansu ke fuskantar ciwon daji. Abin farin cikin, an yi bincike mai zurfi da cigaba a maganin cutar yara a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kuma ana samun sababbin hanyoyin magance cutar a kowace shekara.

> Sources:

> Berlanga, P., Canete, A., da V. Castel. Ci gaba da maganin kwayar cutar mai ciwo don maganin Neuroblastoma. Kwararren Kwararru kan Kwayoyin Kwayoyi . 2017. 22 (1): 63-75.

> Esposito, M., Aveic, S., Seydel, A., da G. Tonini. Maganin Neuroblastoma a cikin Tsarin Tsarin Halitta. Journal of Science Biomedical . 2017. 24 (1): 14.

> Cibiyar Cancer ta Kasa. Jiyya na Neuroblastoma (PDQ) - Shafin Farko na Lafiya. Updated 06/21/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/neuroblastoma/hp/neuroblastoma-treatment-pdq