Ma'anar:
Bambanci yana nufin jerin matakan da kwayar halitta take wucewa zuwa girma. Yayin da kwayar halitta ke tasowa, zai fara nuna ainihin manufarsa da rawar jiki a jikin mutum, tsarin da aka sani da bambancin.
Sel na iya zama marar lalacewa saboda suna girma ne da sauri daga sabon farawa, irin su ci gaba da jaririn a cikin mahaifa; duk da haka kwayoyin da ba su da bambanci na faruwa a al'ada a cikin manya - alal misali, a cikin takalma da gabobin da ke maye gurbin tsofaffin kwayoyin halitta tare da sababbin, irin su kasusuwan kasusuwa.
Kwayoyi daban-daban sune abubuwan da muka koya game da ilimin halitta: kwayoyin jini, kwayoyin jini, ko ƙwayoyin cuta ko ƙwayoyin tsoka, alal misali. Bambanci shine tsarin da ke tsara sashin kwayar halitta, wanda ya ƙayyade ainihin tasirin tantanin halitta kuma ya haifar da halayen halayen da aka haɓaka ga manufar adult cell. Kwallon fata ba sabanin tantanin jini, misali. Tsararren mai girma, wanda ya bambanta yana da matsayi na musamman don wasa, tare da halaye na al'ada ko nau'in inda yake zaune.
Bambanci a Ciwon daji
A cikin ciwon daji, hanya na bambanta bazai faruwa ba kullum. Kwayoyin ciwon daji za su iya kasancewa a cikin wani lokaci na bambancin, zai iya zama ƙasa da ci gaba kuma bazai aiki ba da kuma kewaye, kwayoyin lafiya. A gaskiya ma, wasu lokuta wadannan kwayoyin suna da bambanci da yawa cewa, a karkashin wani microscope, basu ma kama da kwayoyin da suka samo daga.
Pathologists su ne likitoci waɗanda aka horar da su don nazarin kwayoyin halitta da kyallen takarda, irin su waɗanda aka gabatar a cikin samfurori na biopsy, don tabbatar da dalilin cutar. Yayi amfani dasu cewa masu ilimin likita sun dogara ga abin da ake kira morphology - yadda kwayoyin suna kallo a karkashin na'urar microscope: girman, siffar ko wadatar launi lokacin da ake amfani da dyes da stains na musamman.
Ana yin wannan har yanzu, kuma yana samar da muhimman bayanai game da bambancin, amma yanzu akwai wasu gwaje-gwaje da aka yi amfani da su. Wadannan gwaje-gwaje na iya gano ƙayyadaddun kwayoyin a waje da kwayoyin da za'a iya amfani da su a wasu lokuta don fada yadda bambancin tantanin halitta yake.
Bambanci a Cutar Cancer
Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da akwai nau'o'in lymphomas da yawa shine cewa kwayoyin halitta basu da matakai masu yawa na ci gaba, bambanci da maturation. Idan ka taba nazarin ci gaba da jini, ko hematopoiesis , ka sani cewa ba abu mai sauki ba ne - akwai matakan da yawa da iri daban-daban na sel.
A game da cututtuka na jini irin su cutar sankarar jini ko lymphoma , kwayoyin jini masu yaduwa ko lymphocytes suna cikin yadda ake "bambanta" su. Lokacin da ciwon daji ke faruwa, sau da yawa yana "kulle" tantanin halitta - da dukan 'ya'yanta masu rikitarwa - a cikin mataki na ci gaba wanda cutar ta fara.
Kwayoyin rarrabe maras kyau zasu iya zama kama da bayyanar da kwayoyin asali daga abin da suka ci gaba, amma bazai iya yin duk ayyukan da ake bukata na kwayoyin kwayoyin lafiya ba. Sel da aka raunana su ba su da girma, sun fi girma, kuma mafi mahimmanci ga chemotherapy.
Kwayoyin da ke da bambanta suna kama da kwayoyin halitta masu tsufa kuma don haka sukan saba raba da girma da sannu a hankali. Kwayoyin da suke da kyau sun bambanta, kamar takwarorin su na al'ada, sukan yi sannu a hankali.
A wasu lokuta, bayani game da bambanci zai iya rinjayar da alamar bayani kuma ya sanar da shawarar yanke shawara. Gaba ɗaya, "da bambanta" ya fassara zuwa ciwon daji na ƙananan, yayin da "talauci ya bambanta" yana fassara zuwa mummuna mafi girma.
Bambanci da Tsarin Cutar Canjin jini
An yi amfani da tsarin jinsin yawa don ciwon jini a tsawon shekaru.
Tsarin haɓakawa na yanzu, Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta 2008, tana dauke da abubuwa daban-daban domin la'akari da irin mummuna, kuma bambancin shine daya daga cikin waɗannan dalilai.
Idan za ta yiwu, waɗannan 'yan mallaka suna cikin "layi" a cikin:
- Myeloid neoplasms
- Lymphoid neoplasms
- Binciken tarihi / dendritic neoplasms
Bambanci a cikin kowane jinsi yana da muhimmanci. Alal misali, lymphomas su ne ciwon daji na lymphocytes, wanda ya fada cikin layi na neoplasm lymphoid. Akwai lymphocytes na B da kuma lymphocytes T. Bari mu ce ka san ciwon daji naka ne na layi na lymphocyte na B, ko kuma lymphoma B-cell .
Zaka iya samun ƙwayar lymphomas na B da yawa, wanda ya dace da matakai na al'ada na B da kuma girma. Hakanan zaka iya samun ƙwayar cutar lyukhoblastic da lymphomas na B lymphoblastic - waɗannan su ne ciwon daji na kwayar da ba a daɗewa da suka zama dangin B-cell.
Bambanci da Cutar Cancer na jini
Kyakkyawan lymphoma dabam dabam na iya zama da sauri da kuma mai saukin kamuwa da cutar shan-jiji wanda ke sa hankalin hanzarin rarraba kwayoyin halitta.
Wani misali na bambancin da za a iya amfani dasu a matsayin mai haƙuri yana faruwa ne a cikin cutar sankarar bargo, ko APL. Wannan malignancy ya bambanta da sauran nau'ikan AML a hanyoyi masu muhimmanci. Ɗaya daga cikinsu shi ne cewa, lokacin da aka lalata kwayoyin APL tare da chemotherapy, sun saki sunadaran da zasu iya haifar da kwayoyin halittar jini don su fita-da-iko, wanda zai iya zama m.
Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa za'a iya sarrafa kwayoyin APL don canzawa cikin kwayoyin halittu masu girma da wasu kwayoyi. Tun da wannan coaxing ne ainihin bambanci, wadannan kwayoyi suna kiransa jami'a daban-daban. Tun da magungunan bazai mutu ba tare da irin wannan farfadowa, sunadaran cututtuka sun kasance a cikin sel, kuma tsarin gudanarwa ba zai fita ba.
Updated Fabrairu 2016, TI.
Sources:
Vardiman JW, Thiele J, Arber DA, et al. Binciken 2008 na Ƙungiyar Lafiya ta Duniya (WHO) ta ƙayyade ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayar cutar sankarar mahaifa da ƙananan ciwon sankarar. Jinin jini. 2009; 114: 937.
Cibiyar Cancer na Amurka. Sauran kwayoyi don muraye sankarar myeloid m. Samun shiga Fabrairu 2016.
Gribbon, J., Loescher, L. Biology of Cancer in Yarbro, C., Frogge, M., Goodman, M., Groenwald, S. (2000) Ciwon daji Nursing: Principles and Practice 5th ed Jones da Bartlett: Sudbury, MA . shafi na 17- 35.