Mutuwa yana da mahimmanci ne don kamuwa da cuta daga meninges - ruwan da kuma jikin da ke kewaye da kashin baya da kwakwalwa. Dabbobi daban-daban da ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta zasu iya shawo kan wannan sashin jiki kuma kawai wasu daga cikinsu za a iya hana su da alurar riga kafi.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na meningitis sun hada da ciwon kai, mai tsanani, babban zazzabi, vomiting, photophobia (rashin jin daɗi lokacin kallon hasken wuta), rikicewa, da irritability.
Ga iyaye da yawa, yana iya zama ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da ka fara tunanin lokacin da yaro ya taso da zazzaɓi da ciwon kai ko kuma wuyar wuyansa.
Shin babu maganin rigakafin namiji?
Saboda yawan kwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta na iya haifar da meningitis, wannan shine ainihin tambayar da yafi rikitarwa fiye da yadda ya fara bayyana.
Akwai maganin rigakafi da dama wanda ke cikin ɓangare na shirin rigakafi na yara don nau'o'in kwayoyin cuta. Tun da cutar da ke haifar da mumps zai iya haifar da ciwon maningitis, cutar ta MMR ta kare 'ya'yan daga wata hanyar ciwon kwayar cutar.
Akwai wasu nau'o'in nau'in ciwon kwayar cutar da ke dauke da kwayoyin cutar wanda ba a riga an ci gaba da maganin alurar riga kafi ba. Abin farin ciki, maganin ƙwayoyin cutar ta hanyar jijiyar jiki ba yawancin kamuwa da cuta ba ne kamar yadda ake yiwa maningitis.
Magunguna maza
Bugu da ƙari, don kare yara daga wasu nau'in cututtuka na yara, wadannan maganin suna dauke da maganin alurar rigakafi:
- Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) alurar riga kafi
- Meningococcal (Menactra, Menveo, Bexsero, da Trumenba) wadanda suka hana yawancin cututtukan Neisseria
- MenHibrix haɗu da maganin alurar riga kafi ga duka kungiyoyin Hib da ƙungiyar meningococcal C da Y ga wasu jarirai masu haɗari masu haɗari wadanda suke samun haɗari ga ƙwayar cutar meningococcal
- Pneumococcal (Prevnar) wanda ya hana yawan cututtuka na Streptococcus pneumoniae
Hib Vaccine
Bugu da ƙari ga kwayar cuta na meningitis, maganin rigakafi na kare shi ya kare yara daga ciwon huhu , kwayar cutar (cututtuka), da kuma epiglottitis da wasu cututtuka da cutar Haemophilus ta b bacteria.
Kafin amfani da rigakafi na Hib a shekara ta 1988, kimanin yara 20,000 suna fama da cutar Hib a kowace shekara, ciki har da lambobi 12,000 na kwayar cutar kwayar cuta. Matsalolin, wanda ya shafi kimanin kashi 30 cikin dari na yara, ya hada da kurkuku, sutura, makanta da kuma jinkirta tunanin mutum. Kuma kimanin kashi 5 cikin dari na yara da ke da kwayar cutar kwayan cutar da cutar ta hanyar cutar ta Ebola suka mutu.
Yara sun fara fara farawa na maganin cutar Hib sun fara lokacin da suka kasance watanni biyu, suna ƙarewa tare da karfin zuciya idan sun kasance 12 zuwa 15 watanni.
Magunguna na Meningococcal
Magunguna na meningococcal sun kare yara daga wasu nau'o'in kwayoyin cutar Neisseria meningitidis , wanda zai iya haifar da meningitis da meningococcemia, cutar ta hanyar jini.
Menomune shi ne farkon maganin alurar riga kafi a Amurka, amma an maye gurbinsa da sabon sababbin maganin maganin - Menactra da Menveo.
Wadannan maganin alurar rigakafi sun kare kanin serogroups A, C, Y, da W-135.
An bada shawarar cewa dukan yara su karbi Menactra ko Manveo lokacin da suke da shekaru 11 ko 12, tare da karfin zuciya lokacin da suke shekaru 16 zuwa 18. Wasu yara da suka kamata su sami maganin alurar rigakafi sun hada da matasa wadanda ba su da kashi (duk da haka ya kamata su rika samowa cikin sauri) da kuma kananan yara waɗanda ake zaton sun kamu da ƙananan cututtuka na meningococcal. Wadannan yara masu haɗari sun haɗa da waɗanda suka yi nasarar cire su, suna da lalacewa, ko kuma suna da wasu matsalolin matsalar rigakafi.
Trumenba da Bexsero su ne sabon maganin rigakafi na mutum wanda ke karewa daga Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. Wannan shi ne irin kamuwa da cutar meningococcal wanda ya haifar da annobar cutar a kwalejoji a kwanan nan, ciki har da Princeton da Jami'ar California, Santa Barbara. Ba'a buƙatar su a halin yanzu amma an bada shawarar su ga yara da yara masu haɗari masu yawa, ciki har da wadanda ke hadarin saboda fashewa.
Bisa ga CDC, "Za a iya tsara jerin maganin rigakafin MenB na matasa da matasa a shekarun 16-23 don ba da kariya ga dan kankanin cutar da cutar cututtukan B na srogroup. "
Pneumococcal Vaccine
Kodayake an yi la'akari da shi azaman maganin alurar rigakafi na kunne, yana da muhimmanci a tuna cewa sabon cutar maganin pneumococcal (Prevnar) yana kare yara daga cutar kwayar cuta, cututtuka na jini, da ciwon huhu.
Prevnar yana kare yara daga nau'i na 13 na kwayoyin cutar Streptococcus na huhu kuma an ba jarirai a matsayin jerin nau'i hudu da suka fara a watanni biyu.
Wasu yara tsofaffi masu ƙananan yara sun kamata su sami maganin rigakafin Pneumovax pneumococcal, ciki har da waɗanda ke fama da matsalolin tsarin cuta, matsalolin zuciya, da kuma asma.
Kwayoyin cuta ta jiki
Me yasa akwai maganin rigakafi daban-daban don kwayar cutar kwayan cutar?
Dalili ne saboda akwai kwayoyin daban daban da kwayoyi daban-daban da zasu iya haifar da meningitis.
Kuma koda tare da wadannan maganin rigakafi wanda zai iya hana asalin kwayoyin cutar kwayar cuta, ba za su hana wasu mawuyacin abubuwan da ke faruwa, irin su lokacin da kwayoyin E. coli ko Staphylococcus aureus ke haifarwa. In ba haka ba, yara masu lafiya ba su da mummunar haɗari ga ƙwayar cutar daga waɗannan kwayoyin cutar, duk da haka, yara da suka kamu da cutar ko kuma waɗanda ke da wasu matsalolin kiwon lafiya na iya zama.
Sources:
CDC. Amfani da Serogroup B Magunguna na Magunguna a Yara da Matasan Matasa: Shawarwari na Kwamitin Shawara kan Shirye-shiryen rigakafi, 2015. MMWR. Oktoba 23, 2015/64 (41); 1171-6
Mandell, Bennett, & Dolin: Ka'idoji da Kwarewar cututtuka, 6th ed.
Plotkin: Alurar riga kafi, 5th ed.