Idan ka taba ganin fim din 2011 "Contagion," ka sani akwai ainihin nail-biter. A cikin wannan, kuna bin wata annoba mai banƙyama da ke haifar da hanyoyi a fadin duniya yayin da jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a suka tsere don dakatar da shi. Hoton yana, a wasu lokuta, tsoro. Yana da gaba ɗaya plausible.
Ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya na jama'a suna lura da annoba a kowace rana, kuma yayin da aikin bai kasance a matsayin mai ban sha'awa kamar yadda Hollywood zata bayar ba, yana da muhimmancin aikin kiwon lafiya na jama'a - ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ayyuka 10, a gaskiya.
Tarihi
Magungunan likita da lafiyar jama'a suna haɗuwa da juna, amma sun kai ga lafiyar jiki daga hanyoyi daban-daban. Yayin da ake mayar da hankali ga likitoci akan maganin, magance, da kuma kula da mutumin da ke gabansu, kiwon lafiya na jama'a yana daukar ra'ayi mafi girma - na dukan al'umma. Idan aka yi kyau, lafiyar jama'a na iya cimma wani abu mai ban mamaki: babu komai. Babu annobar cutar. Babu damuwa da lafiyar jiki. Ba rayukan da suka rasa rayukansu. Yana da matukar tasiri - kuma wataƙila ba zai iya warwarewa ba - manufa, amma yana ƙunshe da muhimmin al'amari na lafiyar jama'a. Wato, rigakafin.
Ayyuka masu muhimmanci 10 sun tashi a farkon 90s tare da muhawara game da gyaran lafiyar lafiyar jiki. A lokacin kawai uku "manyan ayyuka" don kiwon lafiyar jama'a an gane su da yawa: kima, ci gaba da manufofin, da tabbacin. Duk da yake manyan manufofin jagorancin, sun kasance mai zurfi don amfani da su. Shugabannin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun so su ba da jagorancin jagorancin sassan kiwon lafiya da masu tsara manufofi da ke kula da lafiyar al'ummarsu. Sakamakon ya kasance sanarwa na hadin gwiwa wanda ya bayyana mahimman ayyukan da kowa ke aiki a lafiyar jama'a ya kamata ya yi aiki.
Ga abin da suka zo tare da.
Kula da Lafiya don gano da magance matsalar lafiyar al'umma
Wani muhimmin bangaren da ake bukata ga dukkan ayyukan kiwon lafiyar jama'a shine bayanai. Ba tare da shi ba, al'ummomi ba su san abin da ake buƙata ba, inda abubuwan da suka fi dacewa su yi ƙarya, ko yadda za a raba albarkatun yadda ya kamata. A cikin "Contagion," hukumomin kiwon lafiya na jama'a kamar Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka da Cibiyar Lafiya ta Duniya sun riga sun yi zafi a kan hanyar fashewa kafin mafi yawan mutane sun san cewa yana faruwa saboda tsarin kulawa a wurin.
Akwai tsarin a duk faɗin duniya don taimakawa da ƙararrawa idan abubuwa sun kasance. Duk da yake al'ada sun dogara ga abubuwa kamar rahotanni daga likitoci, gudanar da bincike, ko gwada samfurori na samfurori, intanet din ya samar da sababbin hanyoyi don magance annoba a farkon matakan, ko ma kafin su fara. Wani sabon filin da ake kira gano cutar dijital ya haifar don taimakawa masu sana'a na kiwon lafiya da masu bincike da sauri ta hanyar annobar cutar ta hanyoyi masu mahimmanci a kan kafofin watsa labarun ko kuma hada labarai na layi. Wadannan tsarin ba wai kawai suna neman cututtuka ba. Kula da halin da ake ciki a cikin al'umma yana nufin ma neman abubuwa kamar raunin da ya faru, cututtuka na kullum, da sakamakon haifuwar don ganin abin da ke faruwa-idan akwai.
Wannan sabis ɗin yana da muhimmanci. Bayan haka, kafin jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a su iya yin wani abu don inganta lafiyar al'umma, dole ne su fara gano abin da ya kamata a yi.
Bincike da bincika lafiyar lafiya da kuma lafiyar lafiya a cikin al'umma
Da zarar an tayar da alarms, jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun yi aiki don gano wanda ya fi tasiri da kuma dalilin da ya sa. Dukkanin ilimin kimiyya an riga an sadaukar da shi don bincika wadannan yanayin lafiyar. An kira shi annoba.
Magungunan ilimin halittu sun tattara da kuma nazarin bayanai don gano yadda ake rarraba cututtuka ko yanayin kiwon lafiya a cikin al'ummar da aka ba su, wace mahimman abubuwan da waɗannan lokuta suke da ita, kuma-mafi mahimmanci-yadda za a iya amfani da wannan bayanin don hana abubuwan da ke faruwa a nan gaba. Idan akwai salmonella fashewa, likitoci suna magana da waɗanda suka yi rashin lafiya, tattara bayanai game da abin da suka ci, da kuma rarraba abin da abinci ne mai yiwuwa kuskure sabõda haka, za a iya ja daga shelves.
Sanarwa, Ilmantarwa, da Karfafa Mutane Game da Lafiya
Da zarar masana harkokin kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun san abin da ke faruwa, wanda ke da tasiri, kuma-idan ya yiwu-yadda za a hana shi, to, sai su yada kalmar zuwa ga yawan jama'a.
Ɗaya daga cikin misalai mafi kyau na wannan sabis na musamman a aikin shine Back to Sleeping. Lokacin da annobar annoba a duniya suka fara gano matsayin barci a matsayin wani abu mai hadarin gaske ga rashin lafiya na mutuwa na jarirai, Cibiyar Nazarin Pediatrics da sauran jami'ai a Amurka ta kaddamar da yakin neman ilimi don iyaye su sa jariran su barci a kan bayansu, maimakon a kan ciki ko bangarorinsu. 'Yan ilimin yara sunyi magana da shi tare da iyalan marasa lafiya, an fitar da takardu, kuma masana sun shiga talabijin don yada kalma.
Kuma yana kama da aiki. SIDS ragu ya ragu fiye da kashi 50 a cikin shekaru nan da nan bayan kaddamar da yakin.
Shirya Hadin Abokin Hulɗa da Ayyuka don ganowa da magance matsalar lafiya
Ba da daɗewa ne rigakafin cutar da ingantaccen kiwon lafiyar da wani mahaluži ya yi a cikin wani wuri. Harkokin lafiyar jama'a ya dogara ne akan haɗin gwiwa da goyon baya ga masu yawa masu shiga tsakani don bincikawa, warwarewa, da kuma hana matsalolin kiwon lafiya. Wannan ya hada da mutane da kungiyoyi waɗanda bazai shiga cikin lafiyar kai tsaye ba, amma wanda goyon bayansa yana da mahimmanci don tattara cikakkun bayanai da karfafawa mutane suyi amfani da wasu canje-canje.
Alal misali, yawancin manufofin kiwon lafiyar sun juya zuwa ga kungiyoyi da kuma mutane don taimakawa wajen magance cutar HIV a cikin yawan mutane. Maimakon yin amfani da masu amfani da ƙididdiga don watsa bayanai masu mahimmanci, shirye-shiryen aiki a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar ƙira don isa ga waɗanda mafi yawan haɗari ga kamuwa da cuta. Bayan haka, wanene ya fi dacewa don taimakawa wajen kawo canji mai kyau a cikin al'umma fiye da mutanen da suka riga sun kasance?
Ƙaddamar da Dokokin da Shirye-shiryen da ke goyan bayan Ƙungiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Mutum da Ƙungiyar
Wasu daga cikin nasarori mafi girma na lafiyar jama'a na karni na baya ba wai ba daidai ba ne saboda ilimin daya-daya ko ƙananan ƙananan hukumomi. Sakamakon gyaran manufofi ne. Jagoran aminci na wurin aiki, ka'idojin belin wuri, da kuma ma'auni mafi ingancin ruwan sha, alal misali, duk sun haifar da ingantaccen haɓaka ga lafiyarmu da aminci.
Dole wajibcin maganin rigakafin makaranta, misali, ya yi matukar cigaba wajen kara yawan yawan maganin alurar riga kafi, kuma, a gefe guda, magance cututtuka na rigakafi kamar cutar kyanda da chickenpox. Ba wai kawai abubuwan da ake bukata sunyi aiki don kare 'yan yara ba, amma sakamakon sakamakon rigakafi masu girma ya sa ya fi wuya ga cututtuka su gudana-wani tsari da aka sani da rigakafin garkuwa - yana taimakawa wajen kare yawancin mutane a cikin al'umma.
Ƙarfafa Dokokin da Dokokin da Kare Tsaro da Tabbatar da Tsaro
Lambobin lafiyar sun taimaka wajen hana ciwon da ke ciwo ta hanyar buƙatar gidajen cin abinci don biyan wasu ka'idoji, amma zai kasance masu tasiri idan jami'an kiwon lafiya ba su fito don su duba ɗakin ba? Haka kuma za'a iya fadawa ga magunguna. Binciken kayan aikin masana'antu ta hanyar Abinci da Drug Administration na taimakawa rage haɗari cewa kayayyakin likita sun zama gurbata. Sharuɗɗa na iya haifar da ingantaccen kiwon lafiyar jama'a, amma idan an karfafa su.
Kaɗa mutanen da ake buƙatar Sabis na Lafiya na Lafiya
Kulawa da lafiya a Amurka shine tsarin ƙaddamarwa da kuma rikitarwa. Ko dai ba za ku iya ganin likita ba lokacin da kuke buƙatar bambanta dangane da abubuwa masu yawa, ciki har da shekarun ku, wuri, halin kuɗi, yanayin kiwon lafiya, da matsayin aiki. Hukumomin kiwon lafiya na jama'a sun taimaka wajen tabbatar da wasu daga cikin mafi yawan mutanen da ke fama da talauci a cikin al'umma suna iya samun damar kiwon lafiyar-da kuma samun dama ba kawai nufin shiga cikin likita ba. Har ila yau, yana nufin yana da sufuri zuwa kuma daga sabis na kiwon lafiya, ƙwarewar kulawa da aka bayar, da kuma fassarar kayan aiki na al'adu.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyi masu kiwon lafiyar jama'a suna taimakawa wajen haɗi mutane zuwa sabis ta hanyar cibiyoyin lafiyar jama'a. Duk da yake waɗannan cibiyoyin suna ba da kulawa ta hanyar kulawa da marasa lafiya da marasa lafiya, suna kuma samar da abubuwa kamar ilimin kiwon lafiya, shawarwari, da kuma ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Alal misali, Shirin Gudanar da Nuthiri na Musamman na Mata, Yara, da Yara - Kayan da ake kira WIC-sau da yawa suna amfani da su na kiwon lafiya a gida don kokarin tabbatar da cewa duk yara ba tare da samun kudin shiga ba su sami damar samun abinci mai gina jiki a farkon shekarun rayuwa .
Gudanar da Ƙwararrun ma'aikatan Kula da Lafiya da Jama'a
Magungunan yana canzawa kullum don daidaitawa da bincike na zamani da fasahohi masu amfani. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa likitoci na likita a Amurka suna buƙatar ɗaukar ɗalibai don ci gaba da zama a yau. Hukumomin kiwon lafiya na jama'a kamar Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka, da kuma sassan kiwon lafiya na gida, tare da haɗin gwiwar likita don bayar da ci gaba da ilimin ilimi a kan batutuwa daban-daban, ciki har da abubuwa irin su bidiyon ta'addanci da shirye-shirye na gaggawa-a, ko da amsawa ga halitta bala'o'i na ƙasa ne a karkashin lafiyar jama'a, ma.
Ƙara Bayyanawa, Amfani, da Ingancin Ayyukan Lafiya
Kamar yadda tasirin lafiyar jama'a ya kasance don ceton rayuka da kuma inganta lafiyar al'ummomin, akwai sau da yawa da za a iya aikatawa. Manufofin kiwon lafiya sun kasance a kusa da saka idanu da ƙwarewa akai-akai don tabbatar da cewa suna aiki, kuma shirye-shiryen da suke buƙatar kudade suna tantancewa don tabbatar da amfani da albarkatu da kyau da kuma yadda ya kamata.
Don yin wannan, hukumomi suna duban abubuwa masu yawa kuma suna ƙunshe da ɗayan manyan fannoni. Alal misali, tattalin arziki na kiwon lafiya, alal misali, zai iya taimakawa wajen kwatanta yadda tasirin da aka ba da aka yi. Masana ilimin cututtuka suna nazarin yanayin cututtuka tsakanin masu halartar shirin kiwon lafiya na musamman don ganin idan sun inganta. Masu nazarin halittu suna nazarin bayanai daga binciken da kuma bayanan likita don gano ko wasu alamun kiwon lafiya a cikin mutanen da aka ba su sun canza. Ba wai kawai sakamakon da waɗannan ƙididdiga suke taimakawa wajen inganta shirye-shiryen ba, amma za a iya amfani da hankalin da aka tara har zuwa farkon jerin sabis na sama.
Bincike don Sabbin Sahiyoyi da Shirye-shiryen Bincike ga Matsalar Lafiya
Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman hanyoyin da lafiyar jama'a ke yi don kare lafiyar da kare lafiyar al'umma shine ta hanyar yin tambayoyi, tattara bayanai, da kuma gano sababbin hanyoyin da za a magance matsaloli. Bincike na kiwon lafiya na jama'a da aka yi a kan fashewar motoci ya kawo mu mota da kaya masu aminci. Binciken da ke faruwa a kan anomaly ne ya jagoranci hada hawan fluoride cikin ruwan sha. Kyakkyawan fahimtar tsarin mu na rigakafi ya haifar da ci gaba da maganin alurar rigakafi wanda ya ceci miliyoyin rayuka da biliyoyin daloli.
Saboda haka babu, lafiyar jama'a ba daidai ba ne. Amma yana da ban mamaki.
> Sources:
> Cibiyoyin Kula da Cututtuka da Cututtuka. Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a da kuma Ayyukan Lafiya na Jama'a guda goma.
> Akwatin Wuta ta Community. Babi na 2: Sashe na 7. Ayyukan Kiwon Lafiya na Gida guda goma. Cibiyar Cibiyoyin Lafiya da Ƙwarewar Jama'a a Jami'ar Kansas.