Mataki Na farko zuwa Duk Kwararren Kwayoyin lafiya
Nazarin gwajin gwagwarmaya shine kimiyyar kimiyyar kimiyyar kimiyya kamar yaduwar kawanka cikin ruwa. Nazarin gwajin gwagwarmaya na iya haifar da yin alama don ganin ko ra'ayin yana yiwuwa. Ana iya amfani dashi don samun ƙarin haske game da farashi, lokaci, da kuma tasiri na tasirin kafin bincike a kan kotu, babban gwaji .
Nazarin gwajin ne ainihin ƙananan ƙararrakin gwagwarmaya da aka gabatar a kan lokaci mafi tsawo tare da ƙaramin mahalarta.
Suna ba da damar masu bincike su gano duk wani rashin daidaituwa a cikin nazarin binciken kuma suyi aiki da kinks wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin tsarin binciken.
Ana iya amfani da nazarin pilot a jarrabawar gwaje-gwaje don gwada ƙwayoyin maganin miyagun ƙwayoyi daban-daban, hanyoyi na gwamnati (kwayoyi, allurar), lafiyar miyagun ƙwayoyi , da kuma duk wani shinge wanda zai haifar da haɗin kai .
Sanya Nazarin Pilot
Ana yin amfani da karatun pilot ne daga maɓuɓɓuka daban-daban. Gudanar da kyauta da gwamnati, da na gwamnati, da kuma hukumomi masu zaman kansu ba su da yawa sun fi sau da yawa. Dangane da filin bincike, kudade zai iya fitowa daga masana'antun magunguna ko sauran masana'antu.
Yawanci, kungiyoyin kamfanoni ba su da asali na kudaden kuɗi kuma sukan shiga cikin lokacin da magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi yana da mafi girma ga kasuwa (kamar sabon maganin alurar rigakafin ko magani) ko kusa da shirye-shiryen kasuwa. Mafi yawan magunguna a yau sun fi samun damar yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ta hanyar sayen kamfani fiye da zuba jarurruka a ƙananan binciken, wanda bazai tafi ko ina ba.
Yawancin kudade na yanzu don bincike na gwajin gwagwarmaya ya fito ne daga hukumomin gwamnati kamar Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (NIH) ko kuma daga tallafin marasa tallafi da aka mayar da hankali kan wani bangare na bincike. Abubuwan da aka sani sun hada da Bill da Melinda Gates Foundation (HIV), da Susan G. Komen Foundation (ciwon nono), da kuma Michael J.
Cibiyar Fox (cutar Parkinson).
New Trends a Binciken Bincike
Samun samun kyautar NIH zai iya zama da wuya da kuma cinye lokaci, don haka zai iya ɗaukar masu binciken masu bincike daga binciken da suke fatan gudanar da aiki. Saboda wannan, yana da wuya ga ƙananan ƙungiyoyin bincike don samun kudade.
Mutane da yawa sunyi ƙoƙari su shawo kan wannan ta hanyar haɗawa da cibiyoyin, kolejoji, ko asibitoci na bincike wanda ke da albarkatu don ci gaba da irin wannan kokarin. Yin haka, duk da haka, sau da yawa yana buƙatar mutum ya sallama ko raba wasu haƙƙoƙin bincike.
Sakamakon haka, wasu 'yan kasuwa sun fara karbar jigilar mutane a matsayin hanyar da za su ci gaba da bincike yayin rike mafi yawancin, idan ba duka ba, da hakkinsu. Akwai misalai guda biyu da aka saba amfani dasu:
- Crowdsourcing ga kimiyya inda ake amfani da intanet a matsayin ma'anar abin da mutane zasu iya taimakawa kyauta don yin aiki ko bincike mai gudana, sau da yawa don dalilai masu zurfi.
- Crowdsourcing don kudi (crowdfunding) da abin da masu bincike gabatar da kai tsaye roko ga jama'a ta hanyar tarofunding sites kamar Kickstarter da TechCrunch. Yayinda yake tsayayya da tsarin basirar al'ada wanda ya buƙaci nazarin ɗan adam, kimiyya na tushen shaida, yunkurin tarwatsawa ya fi mayar da hankali ne wajen kama tunanin jama'a. Kudin jama'a na wadannan ayyukan shi ma ya fi yawa.
Misalan kimiyya da yawa sun haɗa da gayyatar membobin jama'a ko masana kimiyya don gudanar da bincike, bayar da jarabawar gwajin kwayoyin, ko gudanar da gwaje-gwajen kwamfuta don samun mafita.
Bincike mai zurfi, da bambanci, an yi bincike ne don yin amfani da hankali a zuciyar jama'a ba tare da samar da cikakken shaidar da ake buƙata don tallafawa da'awar kimiyya ba.
A shekarar 2014, Oakland, California Proficiency Immunity Project ya tada dala $ 460,570 don maganin rigakafin rigakafin kwayar cutar HIV wadda suka yi alkawarin ba da kyauta ga jama'a idan yana aiki. Duk da yake babu wata hujja da za ta nuna cewa manufar su shine wani abu marar gaskiya, to, babu wata hujja ta tabbatar da hakan.
> Source:
> Hayden, E. "Shirin maganin rigakafin kwayar cutar kanjamau na Crowd wanda ya tayar da hankali." Yanayi; buga Fabrairu 10, 2014.