Kamar ƙauna da aure, kuma kamar gyada man shanu da jelly, zombies da kwakwalwa suna tafiya tare. Duk wanda ke yin wani zombie mai zurfi mai haɗari dole ne ya haɗa da kalma mai nishi, "braaaaaiiiiinns." Amma me ya sa aljannu suke buƙatar jiyya kamar yadda suke yi? Kuma me ke faruwa a cikin 'yan kwaminis na zombies?
Masu bincike Bradley Voytek, Ph.D., da kuma Tim Verstynen, Ph.D., sune mambobi ne na kungiyar Zombie Research Society, ƙungiya mai tausayi da ke da alaka da yin nazarin ainihin kwayar halitta don bayyana kwakwalwar zombi mai ban mamaki.
Suna kusantar da kwakwalwar zombi kamar masu binciken kwayar cutar kai tsaye ga kowane mai haƙuri: ta wurin lura da alamu da bayyanar cututtuka, sa'an nan kuma gano abin da ke cikin kwakwalwa dole ne ya lalace don haifar da matsalolin da ke cikin kwakwalwa.
Kamar yadda masu bincike suka bayyana, kuma zan sake maimaitawa a nan, wannan aikin ba shi da nufin yin wani abu don kauce wa bayyanar wadanda ke fama da cututtukan cutar ba, ko kuma kiran wadanda ke fama da wannan cuta "zombie-like". Maimakon haka, ƙoƙari ne na ƙarfafa tunani game da waɗannan matsalolin, da kuma ƙara fahimtar matsalolin da ke gudana.
Cutar cututtuka a cikin jijiyoyi na aljanu
Dokta Voytek da Dokta Verstynen sun tattara alamun da kwayoyin cutar suka samu a cikin wani ciwo da ake kira rashin lafiya-rashin nakasa (CDHD). Alamar cututtuka na wannan cututtuka na yaudara, da bayani mai mahimmanci, ciki har da waɗannan masu zuwa:
1) Zunubi-Rashin Gyara
Shin kun taɓa ganin farin ciki aljan?
A'a, zombies a fina-finai suna karuwa kamar mai shan haushi kuma suna iya fama da su daga irin wannan nau'i na farko, fushin da ba a iya sarrafawa ba. Kwayar da ke gaba shine yankin da kwakwalwa yake sarrafa motsin zuciyarmu, kuma wasu nazarin masu aikata laifuka sun nuna abubuwan da ba daidai ba a wannan yankin. Shahararrun shari'ar Phineas Gage ya shafi wani mutum mai ladabi wanda ya sami haɗari ga wannan yankin na kwakwalwa kuma ya zama mafi banƙyama da m.
Wataƙila aljanu sun sha wahala irin wannan neurodegenerative rabo.
2) A Walkmaker Walk
Ko da yake an kira su a wasu lokuta "gawawwakin mutuwa", aljanu ba sa tafiya kamar yadda suke da katako. Zanuba ba siffar alheri ba ne. Zuwabiyar zombie ya fi dacewa da ganyayyaki wanda za'a iya gani da lalacewar cerebellum, siffar mai launin fure-fure a baya na kwakwalwa. Amma abin da game da sauri zombies, kamar yadda gani a cikin fim din 28 Days Daga baya ? A cikin wannan nau'i na zombie, ƙwayar cerebellum mai yiwuwa ya fi dacewa.
3) Rushewar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na dogon lokaci
Kwayoyin bidiyo suna nuna saurin sauƙaƙe. Yana iya zama cewa zombies suna da irin anterograde amnesia. An nuna wannan ciwo a cikin fim din Memento kuma an samu lafiyar mai lafiya da ake kira HM bayan an cire magungunan hippocampi a cikin shekarun 1950, a kokarin kokarin dakatar da shi. Sakamakon ya kasance rashin yiwuwar tunawa da komai don fiye da mintoci kaɗan a lokaci daya. Wani rashi na bitamin zai iya haifar da ciwo na Wernicke-Korsakoff, wanda ke da alaƙa da asarar ƙira.
4) Yanayi na Harshe
Zanu ba su da kyau. A mafi kyau, suna iya furtawa, "ƙwararru." Bugu da ƙari kuma, ƙuƙwalwar ba ta da mahimmanci fahimtar dokokin kamar "dakatar" ko "a'a". Wani masanin ilimin lissafin jiki zai iya cewa azabar da ke fama da ita ta karbacewa da karɓa , ma'ana basu iya samar da fahimtar harshe ba.
Wannan yana iya nuna mummunar lalacewa ga haɓakar tsuntsaye (hagu a cikin kashi 90 cikin dari na mutane), ciki har da yankin Wernicke na yankin aphasia da kuma yankin Broca don ƙwararraki.
5) Kai / Sauran Jirgin
Yaya ne zamu iya gane mutanen da suka kasance a kusa? Maimakon haka, an ga tsohon abokinsu a matsayin abincin rana. Wata kila zombies na yaudara ne: sunyi shakkar abin da ba daidai ba ne. Alal misali misalin launi ne na Capgras, wanda aka yarda da wanda aka saba da shi an maye gurbinsu da wani mai sihiri. Wataƙila aljanu suna da wani abu mai kama da wannan damar izinin su ga siffar mutum, amma basu gane cewa jiki ba yana kusa da su.
6) Ya rage tsinkayar jin zafi
Duk abin da kuka jefa a zombie, zombie kawai rike zuwan. Ba kome ba idan an harbi wani zombie, rasa hannunsa, kuma ya kunna wuta - zai ci gaba. Yaya suke yi?
Wataƙila aljanu ba za ta ƙara jin zafi ba. Neuroanatomy na ciwo yana da hadari, amma ya haɗa da kwayar cututtuka na somatosensory a cikin lobe, wanda yake da duk abinda ke cikin jiki. Yankuna irin su insula da cinging cortex sun hada da mummunan sanannu ga jin zafi. Tun da ba a taba ganin zombies ba su da wata damuwa da maganin su, Dr. Voytek da Dokta Verstynen sun nuna cewa wannan hanya ce ta biyu wadda ta fi tasiri a cikin suturar zombie. Har ila yau, aljanu za su ji zafi, amma ba za su damu da shi ba.
7) Ƙirƙiri-Kulle Hankali
Zanubobi suna da hali don gyarawa. Lokacin da kake bin ka, sun kasance ba su san kome ba. Idan wani abu zai iya janye hankalin su - irin su wasan wuta da aka yi amfani da su a cikin George Romero ta Land of the Dead- kuna zaman lafiya na dan lokaci, kamar yadda zombies suna tunanin manta da kasancewarku na ɗan lokaci. Rashin iya kula da abubuwa fiye da ɗaya a lokaci guda zai iya faruwa tare da raunin da ya faru ga lobe na loiet. A madadin haka, rushewar haɗin ke tsakanin waɗannan lobes zai iya haifar da wannan nakasa.
8) Jaraba na jiki
Bukatar zombie ga jikin ɗan adam shine burin da ba a iya gani ba. Zombie za ta motsa ta hanyar wuta, ruwa, da sanyi mai ban mamaki, ƙananan haɗari da kuma abubuwan da suka wuce-don-rai don ciyar da yunwa marar sauƙi. Wadannan dabi'un suna kama da likitan magungunan ƙwayoyi da ake buƙatar gyarawa ta gaba, kuma wataƙila tana iya haɗawa da hanyoyi guda ɗaya a kwakwalwa. Kwayoyin sake sakewa daga kwayar halitta sun aika da rassan da suka fita daga tsakiya kuma suna tafiya zuwa cikin ƙwayar mahaifa a gaban kwakwalwa. Wannan hanya kuma yana da kyau a farkon farkon ƙaunar soyayya .
9) Yunwar da ba za a iya ba
Aljanu suna so su ci. A gaskiya ma, komai yawan abokanka ko 'yan uwanka a cikin zombie sun riga sun cinye, akwai wata alama a gare ku, ko da yaushe. Wannan na iya haifar da matsala a cikin hypothalamus, ɓangaren kwakwalwa wanda yake jagorancin tafiyarwa na ainihi irin su yunwa, ƙishirwa, kulawa da zazzabi, da barci. Tsakanin motsi na hypothalamus sarrafa jijiyayyu, jin dadin cewa isasshen isa. Idan wannan tsari ya lalace, zombie ba za ta taba jin dadi ba. Ƙarin bayani shine bayani na lobe. Damage ga lobe na jiki mai kyau, musamman, yana da alaƙa da halayyar da ya dace.
A ƙarshe, kwakwalwar zombi zata rasa mafi yawan yankuna na kwakwalwa da aka sani da ƙungiyoyi-wato, yankuna inda muke sanya ra'ayi mafi girma. A ka'idar, wadannan su ne yankuna da ke taimakawa wajen sanin lafiyar mutum. Da yawa daga cikin sassan da ake ciki sune wani ɓangare na kewaye da birnin Papez-wani yanki neuronal wanda aka tsara a tsawon shekaru 75 da suka gabata kuma yana tunanin za a hade da tausayi da ƙwaƙwalwa. Yana tunanin cewa wani mai cutar, irin su kwayar cuta ko prion da ke yadawa ta wadannan yankuna, zai iya haifar da ciwo kamar CDHD.
Dokta Voytek da Verstynen ba wai kawai masu bincike suke sha'awar yadda zombie ta yi aiki ba. Sauran, irin su Dr. Steven C. Schlozman a Jami'ar Harvard, sun rubuta a kan wannan batu, kuma sun yarda a kan yiwuwar ragewar lobe da cerebellum. Dokta Schlozman ya fi son maganganun nan mai suna "Naxic Neurodegenerative Satreatment Syndrome" (ANSD). Ko kuna kira shi ANSD, CDHD, ko zombism kawai, ma'anar ita ce yayin da irin wannan ciwo ba zai yiwu ba. Idan wasu sassan kwakwalwa za a rushe-watakila ta hanyar mai cutar kamar kwayar cuta ko prion-wanda aka azabtar zai iya nunawa a hanyar da ya dace da zombie mai ban mamaki.
Hakika, wannan ba daidai ba ne kamar yadda ake ta da matattu. Amma makasudin wannan ayyukan shine bambancin nau'i: manufar Cibiyar Nazarin Zombie ta yi amfani da wani rayuwa a cikin batun da mutane da yawa sun yi imani da cewa yana da mummunan rauni, kuma don haka ya sake farfado da sha'awa ga rashin lafiya ta hanyar jinin marasa lafiya - ba a maimaita cewa akwai wasu kayan jin dadi ba.
Sources :
AH Ropper, Samuels MA. Ka'idodi na Adams da Victor na Lafiya, 9th ed: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2009.
Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatomy ta hanyar Cutar Clinical. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002
M. Sollberger, K. Rankin, B. Miller (2010). Social cognition. Ci gaba da Kwarewar Neurol ta Rayuwa Duka, 16 (4), 69-85