Ra'ayin da ake so a lalacewa zuwa ga Jima'i, Romance, da Ƙarin Abinci
Duk abin da kuka ji, ba ku son kome da zuciya ɗaya. Kuna son daga zurfin yankinka na kwakwalwarka, da hypothalamus, da ƙananan mahaifa, da sauran wuraren da ke cikin kwakwalwa.
A cikin shekarun da suka gabata, masana kimiyya sun shiga taro da mawaki, masu falsafa, masu zane-zane, da sauransu suna ƙoƙari su fahimci hanyoyi na ƙauna.
Masana kimiyya don bincika yadda kwakwalwa yake jin dadin kwarewa daga gwaje-gwajen dabba don nazarin gargajiya zuwa hanyoyin dabarun rediyo, irin su nauyin halayen radiyo na magnetic (fMRI) da kuma hoton mai daukar hoto (PET) .
A cewar Dr. Helen Fisher, ɗaya daga cikin masu bincike a cikin yanayin yanayin ɗan adam, ƙauna za a iya raba shi zuwa manyan manyan sassa uku na kwakwalwa: jima'i, romance, da kuma abin da aka makala. Kowane tsarin yana ƙunshe da wata hanyar sadarwa daban-daban a cikin kwakwalwa, ta ƙunshi nau'ikan tsarin, hormones, da neurotransmitters a matakai daban-daban na dangantaka.
Jirgin Jiki
Lust mai tushe mai yawa daga hypothalamus, wani ɓangare na kwakwalwa wanda yake iko da irin wadannan bukatu kamar yunwa da ƙishirwa. Halin hypothalamus an haɗa shi da tsarin kulawa mai zaman kanta wanda ke sarrafa mana zuciyarmu da kuma yadda muke gaggawa numfashi. Musamman masu karɓa a kan hypothalamus don hormones irin su testosterone - wanda ya kasance a cikin ku, mata - wuta kashe haɗi zuwa kowane nau'i na halayen jiki.
Sakamakon haka mai karfi ne, sababbin kayan aiki don haifuwa.
Ƙungiyar Romance
Wannan shi ne mai aikata laifin da yawa a cikin dare da yawa. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa masoya ke fafatawa runduna, kogin ruwa, ko tafiya daruruwan miliyoyi don zama tare. A cikin kalma, suna da girma. Nazarin hoto yana tabbatar da sabbin masoya suna da yawancin ayyuka a cikin yanki na kwakwalwa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, irin wannan tsarin da aka kashe a mayar da martani ga haɓaka layin cocaine.
Wadannan yankuna suna ambaliya tare da kwayar neurotransmitter dopamine, wani sinadarai da ke motsa mu zuwa ga wani sakamako mai yawa. Sauran sunadarai da suka shafi damuwa da tashin hankali sune maɗaukaki, kamar cortisol, phenylephrine (aka samu a cakulan), da kuma norepinephrine . Wani mai kira neurotransmitter da ake kira serotonin yana da ƙarancin ƙaunar soyayya. Serotonin na iya zama ƙasa a cikin mummunar cuta, damuwa, da damuwa. Sakamakon haka shine biyan bukatun da ake so, rashin fata mai kyau, har ma da irin jaraba.
Tsarin Ƙaunar
Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wasu mutane sun haɗu tare lokacin da mahaukaciyar haɓaka ta tafi. A cikin dabbobi, kayan da ke da alhakin sune gurguntaccen abu da sanyaya. Abin sha'awa shine, wadannan sunadarai masu kwantar da hankali suna ɓoyewa da irin wannan hypothalamus wanda ke bunkasa sha'awar mu.
Wasu na iya ganin tsarin da aka sama a matsayin irin ci gaba a cikin dangantaka. Farko na farko ("hey, shi ko cute"), sa'an nan kuma romance ("Zan rubuta waƙar ƙauna"), to, aure (calmer da cozier). Yayinda yake da gaskiya cewa wadannan bangarori na kwakwalwarmu da zumuncinmu sun canza a tsawon lokaci, yana da mahimmanci mu tuna cewa ba su rabu da kome ba kuma sukan yi hulɗa a cikin hanyoyi masu muhimmanci. Alal misali, oxytocin da vasopressin suna da alaka da tsarin sakamako na dopamine.
Zai yiwu wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da kyakkyawan ra'ayin da za a sake sabuntawa a yanzu sannan kuma, don haka ƙauna zai iya fure.
Zuciya ko ciwon kai?
Harkokin dangantaka ya canza. A wasu lokuta sukan canza cikin wani abu da ke dindindin, kuma yawanci, basuyi. Yawancin mu tun kafin a yi aure, ta hanyar yin jima'i kafin saduwa "daya." Kuma ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa "wanda" ya zama tsohon ma'aurata.
Masu binciken da suka dauki hotunan kwakwalwa a cikin mutanen da suka wuce ta hanyar zane-zane sun canza a cikin yanki na kwakwalwa, kwakwalwa na kwakwalwa, da tsummoki, dukansu suna da hannu yayin da sakamako bai tabbas ba.
Duk da yake wannan yana iya karantawa sosai a cikin binciken, rashin tabbas ya faru ne bayan hutu. Sassan da ke cikin kobitofrontal cortex da ke dauke da halayen da ke damuwa da halayen kuma a cikin fushi yana da haske a farkon, duk da cewa wannan karin aiki zai iya ɓace lokaci. A shekara ta 2011, masu bincike sun wallafa ayyukan binciken MRI wanda ya nuna cewa kwakwalwar ba ta bambanta tsakanin zafi na kin amincewa da zamantakewar al'umma da kuma ciwo na rauni na jiki ba, ko da yake an kira waɗannan sifofin da hanyoyin. Ba abin mamaki bane, an sake canza canje-canje a cikin wasu cibiyoyin da ke ciki tare da manyan matsaloli bayan fashewa.
Tarin Juyayi
Ta yaya kuma idan juyin halitta ya taimaka wajen aiwatar da dabi'un mutum ta hanyar jima'i shine batun da yakan jagoranci kai tsaye ga muhawara. Alal misali, saboda mutane suna samar da miliyoyin mutane fiye da mata suna samar da qwai, akwai ka'idar cewa matakan dabarun mata za su fi mayar da hankali ga karewa da kulawa da ƙananan damar da ta samu, yayin da maza an "shirya su" don yadawa zuriyarsu da nisa.
Duk da haka, wannan ka'idar ta kasance mai sauƙi, kamar yadda ta kasa lissafta wasu dalilai. Alal misali, a cikin jinsuna inda kula da jariri yana buƙatar haɗin kai na iyaye, auren mata daya ya zama na kowa. Dokta Helen Fisher ta ba da shawarar wata ka'idar "shekaru hudu", wadda ta haifar da karuwanci a cikin shekara ta huɗu na aure zuwa ga ra'ayin cewa wannan shine lokacin da yaro ya wuce ta wurin mafi yawan matasan da suke da matsala kuma ana iya kulawa da su. don daya iyaye. Ka'idar "shekaru huɗu" tana da sauƙi. Alal misali, idan ma'aurata na da wani yaro, za a iya kara tsawon lokaci zuwa ga "shekaru bakwai".
Babu wani daga cikin wannan, duk da haka, ya bayyana waɗannan ma'aurata masu martaba wadanda suke tafiya tare tare tare da dukan rayuwarsu a cikin hutun shekarunsu. Yana da mahimmanci a tuna yadda yadda zuciyar mutum ke da wuya. Ayyukanmu, namuwarmu, da sauran rayuwarmu suna taimakawa wajen canza waɗannan sunadaran da cibiyoyin sadarwa. Ƙaunar soyayya tana nufin cewa tambayoyin game da ƙauna za su ci gaba da ba da sha'awa ga mawaƙa, masana falsafa, da masana kimiyya a shekaru masu zuwa.
Sources:
A. de Boer, EM van Buel, GJ Ter Horst, Ƙaunar ba ta da sumba kawai: hangen nesa ne a kan ƙauna da ƙauna, Neuroscience Volume 201, 10 Janairu 2012, Shafukan 114-124
Kross E, Berman MG, Mischel W, Smith EE, Wager TD (2011) Harkokin zamantakewar jama'a ya ba da alamun rashin daidaituwa ta jiki. Sanar Natl Acad Sci Amurka 108: 6270-6275. Abstract / FREE Full Text
Helen E Fisher, Aron, D Mashek, H Li, LL Brown. Bayyana kwakwalwar kwakwalwar kwakwalwa, sha'awar jima'i da abin da aka makala. Abubuwa na Jima'i, 31 Oktoba, 2002. (5): 314-9