Sabbin magungunan miyagun ƙwayoyi suna ba da jagorancin glycemic
An jiyya da ciwon sukari iri iri a cikin shekaru goma da suka wuce tare da gabatar da sababbin magungunan, magungunan magani, da kuma hanyoyin magance cutar. Wadannan ci gaba suna ba wa masu ciwon sukari wata hanya mai zurfi da ke tattare da hanyoyin kwantar da hankali wanda zai iya samar da kariya ga glycemic a kan dogon lokaci.
Magungunan da aka amince da su sun rushe ta hanyar miyagun ƙwayoyi, kowannensu yana ba da nau'o'i daban-daban na aikin.
DPP-4 Masu hana
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) masu hanawa suna aiki ta hanyar kulle DPP-4 enzyme wanda ya rushe hormone incretin. Karkatawa yana taimakawa jiki don samar da karin insulin idan an buƙata kuma rage yawan glucose da hanta ke samarwa lokacin da ba a buƙata ba. A halin yanzu akwai masu hana DPP-4 guda biyar da Hukumar Kula da Abinci da Drug ta Amurka (FDA) ta amince da su:
- Januvia (sitagliptin)
- Galvus (vildagliptin)
- Onglyza (Saxagliptin)
- Tradjenta (Linagliptin)
- Nesina (alogliptin)
Mimetics
Kamar yadda sunansu yake, aikin mimetics ne ta hanyar yin la'akari da aikin aikinsu don tada samar da insulin . Sun kuma rage jinkirin narkewa don glucose ya shiga cikin jini a hankali.
Akwai mimetics guda biyar da aka yarda da su a yanzu da FDA ta amince da su ta hanyar allurar rigakafi da kuma amfani da su a cikin mutanen da basu iya sarrafa jini da sukari tare da magunguna ba;
- Byetta (exenatide)
- Victoza (liraglutide)
- Tashin hankali (dulaglutide)
- Tanzeum (albiglutide)
- Lyxumia (lixisenatide)
Har ila yau, an san shi kamar agonists mai karɓar GLP-1 , ana amfani da kwayoyi a hade tare da magungunan magunguna kuma sun zo cikin kullun injector. Ba su da insulin ko za a yi amfani dasu a maimakon insulin.
Zaɓuɓɓugar Magungunan Sodium-Glucose-2 Maƙaryata
Masu ƙwayar sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SSGT-2) suna iya rage jini jini ta hanyar haifar da kodan don cire glucose daga jiki ta fitsari.
Akwai sauye-shiryen miyagun ƙwayoyi uku na FDA:
- Invokana (canagliflozin)
- Farxiga (dapagliflozin)
- Jardiance (empagliflozin)
Amylog Analogs
Analogs na Amylin sune nau'i ne na amylin hormone wanda ake amfani da su zuwa ƙananan matakan jini. Ana amfani da analogs na Amylin da allurar rigakafi kuma an yi amfani da su tare da insulin don yin amfani da glucose na jini. A halin yanzu akwai wani zaɓi na FDA-yarda:
- Symlin (pramlintide acetate)
Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas su ne magungunan ciwon sukari mafi magunguna da kuma, har zuwa 1995, kadai ne kawai don kula da ciwon sukari na iri 2. Sulfonylureas aiki ta hanyar motsawa da pancreas don saki mafi insulin cikin jini.
Akwai hanyoyi masu yawa na sulfonylureas; na biyu da na uku sun fi dacewa. Daga wadanda a yanzu sun amince da FDA:
- Farko na farko: Orinase (tolbutamide), Tolinase (tolazamide), da Diabinese (chlorpropamide)
- Ƙunni na biyu: Glucotrol (glipizide), Micronase (glyburide), da Diabeta (glyburide)
- Na uku-ƙarni: Amaryl (glimepiride)
Biguanides
Biguanides ya rage adadin glucose da hanta ke haifarwa yayin da jiki ya fi damuwa da insulin. Akwai sharuɗɗa guda biyu na FDA waɗanda suka dace da wannan magani:
- Glucophage (metformin)
- GLMDC XR (mikaccen izuwa metformin)
Masu maganin Alpha-Glucosidase
Masu maganin Alpha-glucosidase suna jinkirta canzawar carbohydrates zuwa glucose a lokacin narkewa. Wannan yana taimakawa wajen daidaita matakan glucose na jini kuma ya hana sugars daga tayi girma. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu da aka amince da ita ta FDA:
- Precose (acarbose)
- Glyset (miglitol)
Thiazolidinediones
Thiazolidinediones yana da hankali ga tsoka da ƙwayoyin mai mai karfin insulin. Dukansu suna fuskantar halayen kiwon lafiyar da suke buƙatar shawarwari na musamman kafin su fara magani. FDA ta amince da maganin kwayoyi biyu na thiazolidinedione a Amurka:
- Abandia (rosiglitazone)
- Dokar (pioglitazone)
A cikin watan Mayu 2007, FDA ta bayar da sanarwar tsaro game da hadarin ciwon zuciya da sauran abubuwan da ke faruwa a zuciya yayin da ake daukar Avandia. Irin wadannan matsalolin da suka haifar da banning da biyu na Avandia da Actos a Faransa da Jamus.
Meglitinides
Meglitinides zai iya taimakawa wajen karfafa aikin insulin idan akwai glucose cikin jini. Idan jinin jini yana da ƙasa, ƙwayar miyagun ƙwayoyi ba ta da tasiri sosai. Yanayin FDA sun yarda da su:
- Prandin (repaglinide)
- Starlix (nateglinide)
> Source:
> Cibiyar Abinci da Drug. "Magungunan Ciwon Ciwon Ciwon Abun Cutar FDA". Silver Spring, Maryland.