Ta yaya cutar, inda kake rayuwa, tsarinka na gaggawa, da kuma DNA ɗinka aka haɗa
Babu wanda ya san abin da yake haifar da ƙananan sclerosis (MS). Da aka ce, dalilai hudu sun fito ne don ƙoƙarin bayyana dalilin da yasa wasu mutane ke ci gaba da MS da sauransu ba. Duk da yake waɗannan daga cikin waɗannan abubuwan zasu iya bayanin wani ƙwararren MS, babu wanda zai iya bayyana kome. Wadannan abubuwa hudu sun hada da:
- tsarin tsarin rigakafi
- yanayin
- cututtuka
- kwayoyin halitta
Madabaccen Tsarin da MS
Ko da yake babu wanda ya san dalilin da ya sa, yawancin masu bincike sun yarda cewa MS ta lalacewa ta hanyar tsarin da ba shi da lafiya. Musamman, ƙwayar cuta ta kwayoyin halitta tana kai hari kan kwayoyin jikinsu a cikin kwakwalwa da na kashin baya , suna lalata ƙwaryar murfin (myelin) na jijiyoyi. Rashin lalacewa yana tasiri yadda nauyin jijiyoyin suke aiki - tushen asirin MS da nakasa. Ayyukan maganin cututtuka suna aiki ta hanyar amfani da hanyoyin daban daban don hana tsarin rigakafi na jikin mutum daga kai hare-haren tsarin.
Muhalli da MS
Mutane a wasu yankuna da yankuna suna da haɗari ga MS fiye da wasu. Ta hanyar nazarin mutanen da suka motsa daga wani yanki zuwa wani, masu bincike sun koyi cewa canjin haɗari na mutum ya danganta da wuri.
A gaskiya ma, MS yana faruwa a wurare mafi nisa daga madaidaicin. Mutane da yawa masu bincike sun gaskata cewa bitamin D zai iya shiga cikin bayanin wannan abu. Vitamin D shine jiki ta jiki lokacin da fatar jiki ke nunawa hasken rana.
A cikin yankuna da nisa daga ma'auni, yanayi yana yaduwa da hasken rana wanda ya rage yawan bitamin D cikin jiki.
Sabuwar bincike ya nuna cewa matakan bitamin D mafi girma zai iya kare mutum daga MS wanda ya bunkasa, har ma ya kare mutumin da ya riga ya sami MS daga samun komawa.
Akwai wasu abubuwan muhalli da masana kimiyya suka bincikar su a matsayin magungunan MS mai yiwuwa ciki har da:
- shan taba
- wani abincin gishiri mai girma
- kiba (musamman ma a lokacin yaro)
Cutar da MS
Wasu ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta an san su haifar da lalacewar kama da abin da aka gani a cikin MS. Wasu masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa cututtuka na iya haifar da tsarin rigakafi don magance kwayoyin halitta. Mahimmanci, kwayar cutar (ko kwayoyin) da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta ta farko "ya dubi" kamar kwayar tausayi. Tsarin kwayoyin halitta yana tasowa kwayoyin T don yakin cutar. Wadannan kwayoyin T suna cikin jikinka bayan kamuwa da cuta sun tafi kuma sun rikice lokacin da suke "ganin" wani kwayar tausin jiki, suna watsar da shi don mai haɗari. Sakamakon haka shine tsarin rigakafinka ya kai hari ga tsarin da kake so.
Wata kwayar cutar da aka danganta da MS ita ce cutar Epstein-Barr-wadda ta haifar da "ɗayan". Wannan lamari ne mai yawan gaske wanda ke shafar yawancin mutane a wani matsayi a rayuwarsu. Samun farko da cutar za ta iya taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban MS, amma masana ba su sani ba a wannan lokaci.
A wannan lokaci, babu cututtuka (kwayar cuta, kwayoyin, ko naman gwari) an gano don tabbatar da kwayar cutar MS.
Your DNA da MS
Masu bincike sunyi imanin cewa wasu halayen kwayoyin halitta sun kara yiwuwar mutumin da ke bunkasa MS. A hakikanin gaskiya, masana kimiyya sun ware wasu kwayoyin da suka dace da alaka da MS, mafi yawancin kusa da kwayoyin da suke hade da tsarin rigakafin mutum.
Baya ga bunkasa MS, yana iya yiwuwa jinsinku na iya hango irin nauyin MS da kuke da shi, yadda cutar ku ke da tsanani, da kuma ko kuna amsa maganin likitancin MS.
Wannan yana cewa, yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa MS ba "cututtukan kwayar halitta" ba - wanda yake cewa babu wani jinsin gado guda ɗaya ko jinsin kwayoyin da aka gano cewa yana nuna mutumin zai tabbatar da MS sosai. Maimakon haka, yana da alama cewa kwayoyin halitta ɗaya ne, tsakanin mutane da yawa, wanda ya ƙayyade ƙimar mutum ga MS.
Samun ku na bunkasa MS yana ƙaruwa idan kuna da dangi tare da MS-wata alama ce cewa jinsin suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban MS.
Samun ku na bunkasa MS sune kamar:
- 1 a 750 idan ba ku da dangi tare da MS
- 1 a cikin 50 idan kana da iyaye tare da MS
- 1 a cikin 20 idan kana da dan uwan tare da MS
- 1 a cikin 4 idan injin ka na da MS
Sources:
Birnbaum, MD George. (2013). Multiple Sclerosis: Jagorar likita ga Bincike da Kulawa, 2 Edition. New York, New York. Oxford University Press.
Gourraud PA, Harbo HF, Hauser SL, & Baranzini SE. Genetics of Multiple Sclerosis: Nazari na yau da kullum. Muryar Immunol Rev 2012 Jul; 248 (1): 87-103.
Ƙungiyar Cibiyar Kwayoyin Tsaro ta Duniya da Tashin Kashe. Multiple Sclerosis: Fata ta hanyar Bincike.
Salzer J et al. Vitamin D a matsayin Faɗar Tsaro a Multiple Sclerosis. clerosis. Neurol. 2012 Nov 20; 79 (12): 2140-5.