GP 120, GP 41, da GP 160
Kwayar kwayar cuta HIV ce. Wannan ya sa ya bambanta da sauran retroviruses . Ba kawai yana da gashin gas ba. Maimakon haka, lokacin da kwayar cutar ta HIV ke dauke da tantanin tantanin halitta yana dauke da wani ɓangare na membran plasma cell din tare da shi. Wannan nau'in membrane ya zama ambulaf din HIV. Duk da haka, asibiti na HIV ba wai kawai sun kasance daga kayan haɗin ba. Har ila yau, sun hada da sunadaran kwayoyin cutar HIV.
Ciwon sunadaran ambulafan HIV sun hada da gp 41, gp 120, da gp 160.
GP yana nufin "glycoprotein". Glycoproteins suna da carbohydrate, ko sukari, da aka hade da haɗin ƙwayar sunadaran. Lambar bayan gp tana nufin 'yan sunadarai' tsawon.
Note: Ba duk glycoproteins suna hade da ƙwayoyin cuta ba. Da dama daga cikin sunadarai mafi muhimmanci a cikin tsarin na rigakafi sune glycoproteins. Saboda haka akwai sauran sunadarai masu yawa a jikin mutum.
Protein gp 120 mai yiwuwa shine mafi sanannun sunadaran kwayar cutar HIV. Yawancin maganin rigakafin cutar HIV sun yi ƙoƙari su ƙaddamar da shi. Yana da matukar muhimmanci a ɗaurin kwayar cutar HIV zuwa CD4 . Mutane da yawa masu bincike sunyi imani da cewa idan sunyi tasiri tare da gp 120, za su iya rage HIV.
Bugu da ƙari, gp 120, gp 41 yana da mahimmanci wajen taimakawa wajen shigar da kwayar cutar HIV a cikin mahalarta. Yana taimaka wa membrane mai kama da kwayar halitta da tantanin halitta. Wannan wani muhimmin ɓangare na tsarin kamuwa da cuta. Samun nauyin ƙwayoyin biyu shine mataki na farko zuwa sake sakin RNA mai ciwon kwayar cutar a cikin tantanin halitta don yin amfani da shi.
A gaskiya, mai haɗin gwiwar enfuvirtide yana aiki ne ta hanyar rikici tare da gp 41. Gp 41 yana da furotin da ke riƙe gp 120 a haɗe da ambulan gizo. Yana zaune a cikin membrane kuma yana ɗaure zuwa gp 120. GP 120 ba ya haɗa da ambulaf kai tsaye.
GP 160 ba ainihin na uku nau'in furotin na kwayar cutar HIV ba.
Maimakon haka, gp 160 shine ainihin gp 120 da gp 41. Ƙari mai zurfi (envelope) ya tsara furotin mafi girma. An yanke shi zuwa kananan ƙananan guda biyu ta hanyar enzymes a tantanin tantanin halitta - 120 + 41 = 161. (GP 160 an kira shi a wasu lokuta daga gp 120 da gp 41. Duk da haka, wannan kuskure ne.)
Matsayi a cikin HIV shigar da Infectivity
Ciwon sunadaran kwayar cutar HIV suna da muhimmiyar rawa a shigar da kwayar cutar HIV da kuma ciwon jini. Su ma suna da mahimmanci a cikin rigakafi da magani. Duk da haka, da sha'awa, batun batun kwayar cutar kanjamau na HIV kuma sau da yawa yakan zo ne cikin tattaunawa akan gwajin HIV. Alal misali, Blotin Yamma ba a dauka ya zama ainihin ganewar asali ga HIV ba sai dai idan mutum yana da maganin rigakafi da kwayoyin tarin kwayoyin cutar HIV da kuma kwayoyin cutar HIV.
Akwai damuwa game da yadda gwajin maganin rigakafin HIV zai iya shawo kan yadda ake gudanar da gwaji. Ƙara yawan mutanen da suka shiga cikin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen na iya haifar da ƙarin gwajin gwagwarmayar kwayar cutar HIV. Ana amfani da maganin rigakafi don sa jiki ya yi maganin rigakafi da wasu sunadarai masu mahimmanci, kamar su sunadaran kwayar cutar HIV. Tun da irin waɗannan kwayoyin cutar daidai ne abin da gwajin gwajin RNA HIV ba ya buƙata, zai iya haifar da mummuna.
Wannan abu ne da yake cewa wani zai iya zama tabbatacce idan har suka samar da kwayoyin cutar zuwa ga sunadarin sunadarai na iya taimakawa hana.
Idan kun shiga cikin gwajin maganin cutar HIV, gaya wa likitanku. Har ila yau, ya kamata ku lura da yadda kuka shiga. Yana yiwuwa yiwuwar tsarin gwaji na HIV ba zai kasance daidai ba a gare ku.
Source:
Cooper CJ, Metch B, Dragavon J, Coombs RW, Baden LR; NAIAID HIV Trials Network (HVTN) Ƙungiyar Ayyukan Cutar Kwayoyin cuta (VISP). Magungunan rigakafin cutar HIV da ke dauke da kwayar cuta a cikin kwayoyin cutar HIV ba tare da cututtuka ba. JAMA. 2010 Jul 21; 304 (3): 275-83.