Hepatitis B shine cututtukan da cutar cutar hepatitis B ke haifarwa, kuma zai iya zama m ko ci gaba. Kamuwa da cuta na cutar hepatitis B shine babbar hanyar ciwon hepatitis a duniya kuma mutanen da ke fama da ciwon hawan hepatitis B yana kara yawan haɗari don bunkasa ciwon huhu (hepatocellular carcinoma). Bugu da ƙari, cutar cutar hepatitis B ita ce babbar hanyar cirrhosis a duniya.
A Amurka, kimanin mutane miliyan 1.5 sun kamu da cutar B da ciwon haifa. Duk da haka, a duniya, kimanin mutane miliyan 400 suna da cutar, tare da mafi yawan mutanen da ke zaune a Asiya. A bayyane yake, wannan babbar matsalar lafiyar jama'a da kiwon lafiya.
Bayan an nunawa ga hepatitis B, sai su shiga abin da ake kira lokacin shiryawa . A wannan lokacin, wanda zai iya wucewa tsakanin kwanaki 45 zuwa watanni 6, mutumin da ya kamu da cutar ba ya fuskanci cututtuka. Bayan wannan lokaci ya ƙare, ƙwayar cutar hepatitis B ta tasowa kuma alamu da bayyanar cututtuka na cutar hepatitis ya zama sananne. Ga mafi yawan mutane wannan kamuwa da cuta zai haifar da rashin tausayi sosai amma zai tafi da kanta saboda nasarar da jikin ya yi wajen yaki da cutar. Ko da yake yana da wuya, wasu mutane na iya haifar da matsaloli masu tsanani kamar su cin zarafin hanta.
Hanyar hepatitis B yana faruwa a lokacin da mutumin da ke fama da rashin lafiya ya kasa kawar da kamuwa da cuta.
Ko cutar ta kasance mai ci gaba ko gaba ɗaya ya dogara ya fi yawa a kan shekarun mutumin da ya kamu da cutar. Kimanin kashi 90 cikin 100 na jarirai da aka kamu a lokacin haihuwar zasu cigaba da ciwon cutar. Duk da haka, a matsayin mutum mai shekaru, haɗarin ƙwayar cuta mai tsanani yana ragewa tsakanin 20 zuwa 50 bisa dari na yara kuma kasa da kashi 10 na yara ko tsofaffi na haihuwa za su cigaba daga ciwo zuwa kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani.
Hepatitis B cututtuka
Gaba ɗaya, alamun cututtuka na ciwon hepatitis B sun kasance daidai ga dukan ciwon hauka mai ciwon huhu . Yawancin lokaci alamar ta farko shine asarar ci (abin da ake kira anorexia), sa'annan kuma nausea, sa'an nan kuma watakila, vomiting. A wasu mutane wadannan bayyanar cututtuka na iya zama mai tsanani, yana da dogon mako kuma yana buƙatar kulawa. Sauran cututtuka suna da gajiya mai tsanani, hasara-hasara, ciwo da kuma ciwo na tsokoki da haɗin gwiwa, ciwon kai, haske mai haske, ciwon makogwaro, tari, da kuma hanci.
Jaundice, wanda shine tarawar bilirubin mai sinadaran a cikin jikin jikin, shine wata alama ce mai yiwuwa . Wannan yana bayyana azaman launin launin launin launin fata zuwa fata da kuma kusa da fata na idanu. Duk da yake wannan shine bayyanar cututtukan cututtuka na hoto na hoto, jaundice kawai ya taso game da kashi 30 cikin 100 na mutanen da ke fama da ciwon hauka B - yawancin mutanen da ke fama da ciwon ciwon hauka B ba za su sami jaundice ba.
Ba abu mai ban sha'awa ba ne ga mutanen da ke da ciwo mai ciwon hauka B don basu da alamun bayyanar. Wadannan mutane an ce sun zama masu haɗari da kuma bazai san ko sun kamu da cutar ba. Yawancin cututtuka sun wuce bayan watanni 3 zuwa 3, amma mutane da dama sun ci gaba da gajiya saboda tsawon lokaci.
Haɗarin B
Cutar cutar ciwon hauka B ne mafi sauƙin yadawa ta hanyar kamuwa da kwayar cutar ta jiki tare da jikin mucous membranes ko jini. Jirgin jiki wanda aka fi sani dashi shine cutar jini, man fetur, maniyyi da farfadowa. Ga ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, yawancin ruwaye na jiki suna dauke da yiwuwar cututtuka kuma ana buƙatar kiyayewa.
Hanyar da ta fi dacewa da cutar ta cutar ciwon hauka B shine ta hanyar jima'i ko sananne sosai tare da wani wanda ke fama da cutar, ta hanyar rarraba magunguna tare da wani wanda ya kamu da cutar, da kuma yadda za a yi amfani da shi daga mahaifa zuwa ga yaro.
A gaskiya ma, wannan fitowar ta ƙarshe, wanda aka kira watsawa ta tsaye, ya kasance na kowa da cewa jami'an kiwon lafiyar jama'a sun fara bada shawara akai-akai don maganin alurar rigakafi na yara. Wasu kafofin sun ce yawancin kashi daya bisa uku na Amirkawa da ke fama da ciwon hawan hepatitis B sun kamu da su kamar jarirai ko yara.
Hepatitis B Bincike
Doctors bincikar asibiti B ta hanyar gwada jini don ciwon kwayoyin cutar zuwa wani ɓangare na cutar hepatitis B. Wannan ɓangaren takamaiman ana kira HBsAG, kuma tana nufin maganin ciwon rigakafi na B hepatitis B. Wannan antigen ne ainihin furotin mai gina jiki wanda jiki zai gane a matsayin wani abu da bai kamata ya kasance ba kuma za ta fara tasowa da wani maganganun da ba shi da karfi.
Wani magungunan da likitoci suka auna a cikin jininku, wanda ake kira IgM anti-HBc, shi ne gwaji mafi kyau don kafa ƙwayar rashin ciwon hauka na ciwon hepatitis B. Wannan ma'auni ne wanda aka halicci IgM wanda jikin jikinka ya samar da shi zuwa wani nau'in kwayar halitta mai gina jiki wanda ake kira antigen .
Kwayar cutar ta jiki ba ta da tasiri sosai saboda yawancin mutane zasu kawar da cutar. Dangane da yadda ƙarfin wannan mawuyacin amsawar ita ce, da kuma yadda yaduwar kamuwa da cuta, ba za ku iya gane cewa kuna lafiya!
Duk da haka, wasu mutane ba su kawar da cutar ba kuma suna ci gaba da ciwon hawan hepatitis B. Doctors bincikar wannan cuta ta hanyar auna HBsAg da antibody zuwa asalin gina jiki, wanda ake kira anti-HBc. Mutanen da ke ciwon hawan hepatitis B suna da duka biyu cikin jini.
Gudanarwa
Kusan duk wanda yake tarin ciwon hauka B (95% -99% na masu lafiya) zai sami mafi alhẽri ta kansu, don haka likitoci ba su bayar da shawarar kowane magani ba. Wannan na nufin tsarin lafiyar jikinka zai iya yin aiki da sauri don ya kawar da cutar cutar hepatitis B da sauri daga hanta kafin wani matsala mai tsanani ya fara. Ga wasu lokutta masu tsanani na rashin hepatitis B, wasu masana sun bada shawarar maganin magani da ake kira lamivudine.
Ga mutanen da suke cigaba da ciwon hawan B, wadanda likitoci za su iya zabar daga kwayoyi guda biyar wadanda suka hada da haruffan interferon, alamar zumunta, lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil da entecavir. Wani lokaci likitoci sunyi amfani da kwayoyi daya kadai, amma yawanci, magani shine hade da kwayoyi guda biyu, irin su interferon da lamivudine. Manufar magani shine a sami matakan cutar a cikin jini (musamman maganin cututtuka) zuwa matakan da ba a iya gani ba ta hanyar gwajin jini.
Abin takaici, magani bai dace da tsada ba kuma yana da kalubale. Bugu da ƙari kuma, wasu mutanen da ke ciwon ciwon hepatitis B ba su amsa lafiya ba. Saboda wadannan dalilai, kyakkyawan tsarin shine ya hana illar cutar hepatitis B.
Rigakafin
Ciwon rigakafin rigakafin rigakafi na cutar Hizitis B. Alurar riga kafi yana da lafiya da inganci maras kyau kuma akwai alurar rigakafi biyu a Amurka.
Wasu mutane suna fuskantar haɗarin haɗari don kamuwa da cutar cutar hepatitis B kuma ya kamata a yi alurar riga kafi a wuri-wuri. Wadannan duk ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, masu amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi masu inuwa, mutane a cikin jakin ko gidajen kurkuku da mutanen da ke da jima'i fiye da ɗaya. Saboda yawan haɗari na ci gaba da kamuwa da cuta mai tsanani, duk yara da ke da shekaru 18 suna iya samun ciwon rigakafin hepatitis B.
> Source:
> Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Long DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison ta Online. "Magungunan maganin cututtukan daji na kwayar cutar". Harrison's Online