Cutar da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV (bNAbs) mai tsaurin kai tsaye ne don kare lafiyar da kwayoyin cutar ta haifar da ita, wanda zai iya magance nau'o'in cutar HIV. Wadannan cututtuka suna da wuya a cikin mutane idan aka kwatanta da wadanda ba su da magungunan cututtuka (ko NAbs) wadanda suke da ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar cutar HIV kawai.
Akwai halin yanzu fiye da 60 da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV-1 a duniya, tare da ɗayan ɓangarorin da ake kira ragowar cutar HIV.
Tunda yawancin bambance-bambancen HIV na iya wanzu a cikin mutum guda, bunkasa maganin rigakafin kwayar cutar HIV ya tabbatar da rikitawa don bincike tun lokacin da maganin gargajiya ke haifar da wani maganin antibody wanda zai iya rarraba yiwuwar wata ko wasu damuwa.
Don maganin alurar riga kafi don ingantacciyar tasiri, masana kimiyya zasu buƙaci haɓaka wani ƙwaƙwalwar da zai iya shafe ɗayan bambancin kwayoyin cutar HIV. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa gano bNAbs ya zama tsakiyar tsakiya ga tsarin rigakafi na yanzu HIV .
Wadanda aka gano a yanzu an ware su daga mutanen da suka nuna ko suna da wata rigakafin cutar HIV ("neutralizers") ko kuma damar da za su iya guje wa cigaba da cutar ba tare da amfani da kwayoyi masu maganin rigakafi ba ("wadanda ba na cigaba ba").
Ƙalubalen da Gyarawa a Ci gaban Turawa
Yayin da aka gano yawancin bana har zuwa 1993, yan takara mafi rinjaye sun rabu da shi bayan shekara ta 2009 (ciki har da wasu kamar VRC0-1 da VRC0-2, wanda aka sani don neutralize 90% na bambance-bambancen da aka sani).
Duk da haka, kawar da wadannan kwayoyin cutar baya nufin cewa masana kimiyya zasu iya samar da maganin alurar rigakafin da zai iya haifar da amsa irin wannan magani (humoral) a cikin kowane mutum. Har zuwa yau, ba mu ga wannan ba, ko dai don maganin rigakafin da aka tsara don kare kan cutar HIV ko kuma hana rigakafin ci gaba a cikin waɗanda ke fama da kwayar cutar HIV.
Abin da masu bincike suka gano shine, ba tare da jituwa ba, bNAbs ba dole ba ne tare da irin wannan sakamako a cikin wani rigakafi. Duk da yake bNAbs kansu suna da ikon magance cutar, mun koyi cewa yana da sauƙi a gare su su shiga cikin kwayar cutar ta '' m '' (ko "envelope").
Bugu da ƙari, a cikin mutanen da ke dauke da kwayar cutar HIV - wadanda ake bincikar maganin rigakafin maganin cutar - ana ganin ana nuna rashin amincewarsu a kan lokaci. Ana iya bayyana hakan a matsayin gaskiyar cewa kwayar cutar ta HIV, ta hanyar yanayinta, ta ƙidaya adadin ƙwayoyin CD4 na CD4 waɗanda suka fara kare tsaro. Ba tare da amsawar CD4 mai ƙarfi ba, zai iya zama da wuya a faɗakar da kamfanonin bNAbs tare da tasiri ko tasiri.
Kuma ko da an samu amsa mai kyau, wasu bincike sun nuna cewa yana iya kasancewa wanda yake tasowa a tsawon lokaci, a lokacin lokacin da kwayar cutar ta HIV ke iya shawo kan cutar.
Hanyar Wayar
Duk da wadannan matsalolin, masu bincike suna ci gaba da bincikar wasu hanyoyin da za su iya amfani da kwayoyin halitta (wanda aka nuna ya nuna ƙarfafa insulin samarwa a cikin masu ciwon sukari, alal misali) har da magungunan inji (kamar Agrobacterium tumefacien, wanda zai iya sadar da DNA ga halittar mutum).
Sauran, a halin yanzu, suna bincike ko maganin alurar rigakafin da / ko maida hankali a ciki zai iya inganta inganci, tare da wasu bincike da ke nuna cewa matuƙar wani bNAb mai tsaro na iya ɗaukar shekaru masu yawa.
Ƙarin ilmi game da bNAbs na iya ƙaddamar da hanya zuwa hanyar da za a iya amfani dashi da yawa wanda za'a iya amfani da aiyukan masu rarrabuwa masu yawa. Daga cikinsu akwai wadanda ake kira " kwayoyin cutar " guda daya da zasu iya magance wasu bambancin kwayoyin cutar HIV, wasu daga cikinsu suna da mummunan kariya.
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa da kyau sune kewaye da kwayar cutar N6 , wanda a cikin gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje ya iya kawar da kashi 98 cikin 100 na dukkan nauyin cutar HIV.
Duk da yake bai tabbata ba ko waɗannan sakamakon zai ci gaba da dabba ko gwajin mutum, yana ganin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan bannbs amma har yanzu ya keɓaɓɓen.
Sources:
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Corti, D. da kuma Lanzavecchia, A. "Cikakken Cikakken Antibiral Antibodies." Bincike na shekara na Immunology. Janairu 16, 2013; 31: 705-742.
Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Duniya (NIH). "NIH Masana kimiyya, Grantees Map Hanyar Hanyar Samuwa Kan Ciwon Kanjamau HIV: Juyin Juyin Halittar Kwayar cutar HIV da Karfin Harkokin Siyasa." Bethesda, Maryland; sakin watsa labarai ranar 3 ga Afrilu, 2013.
Rosenberg, Y .; Sack, M .; Montefiori, D .; et al. "Hanyoyin Cutar Kwayoyin Cutar Kwayoyin Cutar Kwayoyin Cutar Kwayoyin Cutar Kwayoyin Cutar Kwayoyin Cutar Kwayoyin Cutar Kwayoyin Cutar Kwayoyin Cutar HIV. PLOS | Daya . Maris 22, 2013; DOI: 10.1371 / journal.pone.0058724.
Huang, J; Kang, B .; Ishida, E; et al. "Tabbatar da Siriyar CD4-Binding Site Antibody zuwa kwayar cutar kwayar cutar ta Ebola wadda ta faru a kusa-Pan Neutralization Breadth." Immunity. Nuwamba 15, 2016; 45 (5): 1108-1121; DOI: 10.1016 / j.immuni.2016.10.027.