Ka'idodin Bayan Gwaje-gwaje da Gano Gida na Down Down
Hanya na Kulawa don Ciwo Cutar A lokacin Ciki
Yawan adadin zaɓuɓɓuka don Down syndrome ya karu da ƙaruwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Kafin ka iya yanke shawarar game da gwajin, idan akwai, ya dace maka, yana da muhimmanci a fahimci batun bayan binciken gwaji.
Yin nazari da gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje na iya zama mahimmancin ra'ayoyi don mutane su fahimta.
Ana amfani da mu zuwa gwaje-gwaje na likita don ba mu amsa, amma tare da gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje, maimakon amsa, muna samun kimanin hadarin. Alal misali, gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje ba zai iya gaya muku ba cewa baby yana da Down syndrome, zai iya ba ku kimanin yiwuwar ku sami jariri tare da Down syndrome. Dangane da wannan ƙayyadadden haɗari da ƙaddamarwar cututtukan da aka ƙayyade, za a ƙayyade ciki a matsayin ƙananan ƙananan (ƙananan haɗari) ko allo tabbatacce (haɗarin haɗari). Binciken nuna bambanci ya raba mutane zuwa mutane biyu - waɗanda aka yi la'akari da mummunar haɗari (mafi rinjaye) da wadanda ake zaton babban haɗari ('yan tsirarun).
Wannan yana iya kara kadan rikitarwa amma ina tsammanin ganin kallon da aka sauƙaƙa zai taimaka.
Misali na Testing Screening
Ɗaya daga cikin gwajin gwaje-gwaje mai sauƙi wanda zai iya tantance yiwuwar mahaifiyar da yaron yaron da Down syndrome shine kawai ya tambayi mahaifiyarta. Dangane da amsarta da hadarin cututtuka, ana iya raba iyayensu zuwa kungiyoyi biyu-waɗanda aka la'akari da ƙananan haɗari (ƙananan baƙi) da wadanda ake zaton babban haɗari (allon mai kyau).
Don raba iyaye masu kyau masu allon daga iyayen mata, bari muyi tunanin cewa duk wanda ke da haɗari fiye da 1 a 200 (ko rabi na kashi 1) ana daukar allon mai kyau. Wannan ƙari na 1 a 200 shine haɗarin haɗarinmu.
Yanzu, bari mu tambayi iyayensu biyu da suka kasance shekarunsu. Uwar A tana da shekaru 30 da haihuwa bisa ga shekarunta kaɗai, hadarin da ya yi da jariri tare da Down syndrome shine 1 a 900.
An dauke ta "allon bala'i" tun lokacin da haɗarinta ya kasa da hadarin da muke ciki na 1 a 200. Saboda haka haɗarinta ya ragu kuma ba za a ba shi gwaji ba. Amma, kuma wannan babban abu ne, amma hadarinta ba zera ba ne - yana da 1 a 900. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan kimanin mahaifiyar 'yan shekaru 30 da suke cikin ɗaki, ɗayan zai sami jariri tare da Down syndrome ko da ko da yake "jarrabawar" ta ce ta kasance mummunar bala'i (rashin hadarin gaske!)
Yanzu bari mu tambayi mamma ta shekarunsa. Mom B yana da shekaru 38, kuma yana dogara ne akan shekarunta kawai, hadarin da ya yi da jariri tare da Down syndrome yana da 1 a 180 (ko kadan fiye da hadarin cutarwa na 1 a 200). Tun da hadarinta ya fi 1 a 200, an dauke shi "mai kyau" ko babban haɗari. Yanzu a bayyane, haɗarinta har yanzu kusan rabin rabi daya (ko fiye da kashi 99 na damar cewa tayin ba shi da Down syndrome) amma bisa ga jarrabawarmu, sakamakonsa shine "allon mai kyau". , "Yana da mahimmanci cewa jaririn ba shi da Down syndrome. Duk da haka, saboda "haɗarin "ta, za a ba shi gwajin binciken gwagwarmaya don sanin idan jaririn yana da Down syndrome. Yawancin matan, har ma da sakamakon sakamako mai kyau, zasu sami jariran da ba su da Down syndrome.
Kuna iya ganin cewa, samun sakamako na "allon" yana iya haifar da damuwa.
Abũbuwan amfãni da rashin amfani da gwaje-gwaje na dubawa
Duk da yake gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje ba zata gaya maka ba game da chromosomes na jaririnka, suna da wasu abũbuwan amfãni idan aka kwatanta da gwajin gwaji irin su amniocentesis ko sampling sampling (CVS). Ga ɗaya, babu haɗari ga ciki. Yawancin gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje ko jarrabawar jini ne ko magunguna ko haɗuwa da duka biyu, saboda haka babu haɗarin rashin haɗuwa da ke haɗuwa da su kamar yadda yake tare da amniocentesis ko CVS. Rashin haɓaka ita ce ba su ba ka amsa mai ƙarfi ba, kawai suna ba ka kimantawar hadarinka.
Yawancin lokaci wannan ƙayyadaddun yana da ƙananan (ƙananan allo) kuma mata da dama suna samun wannan ƙarfafawa. Duk da haka, idan an yi la'akari da sakamakon bincikenka tabbatacciya, wannan zai iya haifar da babban damuwa ko da yake yana da wata ila cewa jaririn ba shi da Down syndrome. Idan ana daukar gwajinka a matsayin kyakkyawan allon, za a fuskanci kullun game da gwajin gwaji.
Matakai na Yin Shari'ar Game da Gwajiyar Gwaji
Yayin da kake tunani game da yanke shawara, yi la'akari da wannan matakai, la'akari da abin da mataki na gaba zai kasance ko wane gwajin da kake zaɓar:
- Idan kana da haɗarin rashin ciwo na Down bisa ga shekarunka, ɗauki ɗan lokaci don gane yadda haɗarin Down syndrome ya ƙaruwa tare da shekaru. Kamar yadda aka lura, ko da tsofaffi masu tsofaffi, sun ce, fiye da shekaru 40, zasu iya samun jariri ba tare da ciwo Down fiye da jariri wanda ke da Down syndrome.
- Idan, bisa ga shekarun ku, kun damu da cewa jaririnku yana da haɗarin ƙwayar Down syndrome, to sai kuyi la'akari da gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwaje (ko dai farkon gwajin gwaje-gwaje na farko na duniya, B-HCG matakin, nunawa na apopotopte, duban dan tayi tare da matakan farko gwajin gwagwarmayar ninja ko matakin II duban dan tayi a tsakiyar ciki?) Kafin yin wadannan gwaje-gwaje, la'akari da mataki na gaba. Idan gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje marasa gwaji (gwaje-gwajen jini ko duban dan tayi) sun nuna cewa kun kasance a cikin hadarin haɗari maimakon ƙananan haɗari, menene za ku yi gaba? Idan kuna son ci gaba da amniocentesis ko CVS, wannan yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da lokaci. Idan ba za ku ci gaba da ciwon amniocentesis ko CVS ba, kuyi la'akari da yadda za ku fuskanta tare da sanin cewa kuna da haɗari yayin hawanku. Babu amsa ko daidai ba. Wasu mutane za su damu da cewa suna da masaniya game da haɗarin ƙari yayin da wasu zasu so su san idan suna da haɗari don su shirya don yiwuwar.
- Idan kuna da gwajin gwajin mawuyacin (ko kuma saboda haɗarin haɗari da ya shafi shekarun haihuwa) kuna la'akari da yin amniocentesis ko CVS? Tare da waɗannan nazarin, yana da muhimmanci a auna darajar da za ku samu akan hadarin abubuwan da ke faruwa kamar lalata. Duk da yake hadarin rashin haɗuwa da amniocentesis yana da ƙasa, har yanzu yana nan. Duk da haka kafin wannan gwaji ya yi la'akari da abin da za ku iya sanin sakamakon kuma idan zai amfane ku. Shin za ku yi wani abu daban-daban, misali, la'akari da zubar da ciki? Shin zai iya sanin cewa za ku sami jariri tare da Down syndrome don taimakawa ku shirya mafi alheri don haihuwa? Ko kuwa, a maimakon haka, kai ne wanda zai yi fushi ta wurin ciki, gano cewa ganewar asali ba ya shirya maka, amma a maimakon haka ya sa kake damuwa?
Ƙarin Rashin Ƙarƙashin Gwajin Gwajin ƙwayar cutar ciwo
Shawarwarin yin gwaji a lokacin ciki shine na sirri. Yawancin gwaje-gwaje masu nunawa suna ba iyayensu da tabbacin. Duk da haka, idan gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje yana da kyau, zai iya zama tashin hankali. Binciken gwaje-gwaje yana samuwa, amma yana da wasu haɗari masu haɗuwa da shi kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci don samun sakamako, wanda zai iya wuyar wasu iyaye-da-zama. Yayin da za a yanke shawarar game da kowane nau'i na gwaji a lokacin ciki, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da abin da sakamakon gwajin yake nufi a gare ku da kuma abin da za ku yi da wannan bayani.
Sources:
Halliday, J., Messerlian, G., da G. Palomaki. Ilimi na haƙuri: Ya kamata in yi gwajin gwajin Down syndrome a lokacin daukar ciki? (Bayan Ƙari). UpToDate . Updated 08/10/15.